Exclude all lines match a pattern using ls and grep

    It is easy to to list all lines that match the pattern, but difficult tolist all lines except those that match the pattern.

We can only use ls or joined with grep to get this goal.

（1） Only using ls

bash:

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bash-2.05$ ls                               

aa.txt  ab.txt  bb.txt

bash-2.05$ ls [^a]*                          /* success */

bb.txt

bash-2.05$ ls !(a*)                          /* fail */

bash: !: event not found

bash-2.05$ ls *^b.txt$                       /* fail */

*^b.txt$: No such file or directory

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ksh:

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$ ls

aa.txt  ab.txt  bb.txt

$ ls [^a]*                                   /* fail */

aa.txt  ab.txt

$ ls !(a*)                                   /* success */

bb.txt

$ ls *^b.txt$                                /* fail */

*^b.txt$: No such file or directory

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we can see from above that different shell works in different way.

（2） Joined with grep

$ ls

aa.txt  ab.txt  bb.txt

$ ls|grep -v aa*

ab.txt

bb.txt

$ ls|grep -v aa*|grep -v bb*

ab.txt

$ ls | /usr/xpg4/bin/grep -v -E 'aa.*|bb.*'

ab.txt

$

（3） Comparison of these two solutions

 Solution 1 only using ls is fit to some special situation, such as ftp. Because in ftp we can’t use pipe, that is we can’t use solution2.

 But solution 1 is shell dependence. And it’s difficult to realize combine condition, such 'aa.*|bb.*'.

 Solution 2 is easy to realize combine condition, such as 'aa.*|bb.*'.