mysq - my.ini

本文提供了一个针对大型系统的MySQL配置文件示例,详细介绍了如何配置MySQL客户端、服务器及复制主从服务器的相关参数。

# Example MySQL config file for large systems.
#
# This is for a large system with memory = 512M where the system runs mainly
# MySQL.
#
# MySQL programs look for option files in a set of
# locations which depend on the deployment platform.
# You can copy this option file to one of those
# locations. For information about these locations, see:
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
# with the "--help" option.

# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
#password = your_password
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

# Here follows entries for some specific programs

# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 256
sort_buffer_size = 1M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size= 16M
# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
thread_concurrency = 8

#own configuration
#2012/1/24
basedir = "E:\MySQL\mysql-5.5.19-win32\"
datadir = "E:\MySQL\mysql-5.5.19-win32\data\"
#loose-default-character-set = utf8
#character_set_server=utf8
character-set-server = utf8
default-storage-engine = innodb
#max_allowed_pack = 12M
#skip-networking
bind-address = 127.0.0.1

# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
#

# Replication Master Server (default)
# binary logging is required for replication
log-bin=mysql-bin

# binary logging format - mixed recommended
binlog_format=mixed

# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
# but will not function as a master if omitted
server-id = 1

# Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)
#
# To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between
# two methods :
#
# 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -
# the syntax is:
#
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>,
# MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ;
#
# where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and
# <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default).
#
# Example:
#
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,
# MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';
#
# OR
#
# 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then
# start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example
# if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to
# connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later
# change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and
# overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown
# the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.
# For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched
# (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)
#
# required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1
# (and different from the master)
# defaults to 2 if master-host is set
# but will not function as a slave if omitted
#server-id = 2
#
# The replication master for this slave - required
#master-host = <hostname>
#
# The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting
# to the master - required
#master-user = <username>
#
# The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to
# the master - required
#master-password = <password>
#
# The port the master is listening on.
# optional - defaults to 3306
#master-port = <port>
#
# binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended
#log-bin=mysql-bin

# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
#innodb_data_home_dir = C:\\mysql\\data\\
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = C:\\mysql\\data\\
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 256M
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 20M
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 64M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 128M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

<think>我们正在解决两个主要错误: 1. `Can't create directory ...`:数据目录不存在或无法创建。 2. `Can't find error-message file ...`:错误消息文件路径错误或文件缺失。 根据引用[1][2][3][4]中的类似问题,解决方案通常包括以下步骤: ### 步骤1:手动创建数据目录 - 打开文件资源管理器,导航到MySQL安装目录(例如:`D:\soft\mysql\mysql-5.7.44-winx64`)。 - 在该目录下新建一个名为`data`的文件夹(如果不存在)。 ### 步骤2:确保数据目录可写 - 右键点击`data`文件夹,选择“属性” -> “安全”选项卡。 - 检查当前用户(或运行MySQL服务的账户,如`NETWORK SERVICE`或`mysql`)是否有完全控制权限。如果没有,点击“编辑”添加权限。 ### 步骤3:检查错误消息文件路径 错误信息中提到的路径`D:\soft\mysql\nysq1-5.7.44-winx64\bin\ oft\mysql\mysq1-5.7.44-winx64\share\errmsg.sys`存在明显乱码(如`\nysq1`、`\ oft\`),这可能是由于路径配置错误或安装路径包含空格等特殊字符导致。 - 确认MySQL的安装路径是否正确(注意路径中是否有空格或特殊字符)。 - 检查`share`目录下是否存在`errmsg.sys`文件: - 正确路径应为:`D:\soft\mysql\mysql-5.7.44-winx64\share\errmsg.sys` - 如果文件不存在,可能是安装包损坏,需要重新下载完整的MySQL安装包。 ### 步骤4:配置`my.ini`文件 在MySQL安装目录下创建或修改`my.ini`配置文件(如不存在则新建),确保包含以下内容: ```ini [mysqld] basedir=D:/soft/mysql/mysql-5.7.44-winx64 datadir=D:/soft/mysql/mysql-5.7.44-winx64/data lc-messages-dir=D:/soft/mysql/mysql-5.7.44-winx64/share ``` 注意: - 使用正斜杠`/`或双反斜杠`\\`避免转义问题(如`D:\\soft\\mysql\\mysql-5.7.44-winx64`)。 - `lc-messages-dir`直接指向`share`目录。 ### 步骤5:重新执行初始化命令 打开命令提示符(以管理员身份),进入MySQL的`bin`目录,执行: ```bash mysqld --initialize --console ``` 如果仍有权限问题,可尝试: ```bash mysqld --initialize --console --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp ``` ### 其他可能问题 - **安装路径包含空格或特殊字符**:建议将MySQL安装在无空格和特殊字符的路径中(如`D:\mysql`)。 - **安装包不完整**:从MySQL官网重新下载完整压缩包,并核对MD5值。 ### 引用说明 上述步骤参考了多个类似问题的解决方案[^1][^2][^3][^4]。 §§相关问题§§ 1. 如何确认MySQL服务账户的权限? 2. 重新安装MySQL时如何避免数据丢失? 3. `my.ini`配置文件应该放在什么位置? 4. 初始化命令中的`--explicit_defaults_for_timestamp`参数有什么作用? 5. 如何验证MySQL安装包的完整性?</think>根据您提供的错误信息和引用内容,我将为您解决 MySQL 5.7.44 Windows 64位执行 `mysqld --initialize` 时出现的 `Can't create directory` 和 `Can't find error-message file` 错误。以下是详细解决方案: ### 解决方案概览 | 问题类型 | 主要原因 | 解决步骤 | |---------|---------|---------| | `Can't create directory` | 数据目录不存在或权限不足 | 1. 手动创建数据目录<br>2. 配置权限<br>3. 检查路径格式 | | `Can't find error-message file` | 错误消息文件路径错误或缺失 | 1. 验证文件存在<br>2. 修改配置文件<br>3. 设置正确路径 | ### 一、解决 `Can't create directory` 错误 1. **手动创建数据目录** - 打开文件资源管理器,导航到 `D:\soft\mysql\mysql-5.7.44-winx64` - 创建名为 `data` 的新文件夹 - 确保路径为 `D:\soft\mysql\mysql-5.7.44-winx64\data\`(注意路径中无乱码) 2. **配置目录权限**(关键步骤) ```powershell # 以管理员身份打开PowerShell icacls "D:\soft\mysql\mysql-5.7.44-winx64\data" /grant "Everyone:(OI)(CI)F" icacls "D:\soft\mysql\mysql-5.7.44-winx64" /grant "Everyone:(OI)(CI)F" ``` 此命令赋予所有用户完全控制权限,避免权限不足问题[^2][^4] 3. **检查路径格式** - 确保路径中无特殊字符或空格 - 使用短路径格式(如 `D:\mysql`)可避免解析问题[^3] ### 二、解决 `Can't find error-message file` 错误 1. **验证文件存在** - 检查 `D:\soft\mysql\mysql-5.7.44-winx64\share\errmsg.sys` 是否存在 - 若文件缺失,需重新下载安装包(官网:https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/) 2. **修改配置文件 `my.ini`** -MySQL安装目录(`D:\soft\mysql\mysql-5.7.44-winx64`)创建文件 `my.ini` - 添加以下内容: ```ini [mysqld] basedir=D:/soft/mysql/mysql-5.7.44-winx64 datadir=D:/soft/mysql/mysql-5.7.44-winx64/data lc-messages-dir=D:/soft/mysql/mysql-5.7.44-winx64/share explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=1 ``` 注意:使用正斜杠 `/` 避免路径解析错误[^5] 3. **设置环境变量** ```powershell # 设置lc-messages-dir环境变量 [System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("lc_messages_dir", "D:\soft\mysql\mysql-5.7.44-winx64\share", "Machine") ``` ### 三、重新初始化MySQL 1. 打开管理员命令提示符: ```cmd cd D:\soft\mysql\mysql-5.7.44-winx64\bin mysqld --remove # 如果之前有安装服务 mysqld --initialize-insecure --console --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp ``` 使用 `--initialize-insecure` 可跳过密码验证阶段[^1] 2. 启动MySQL服务: ```cmd mysqld --install net start mysql ``` ### 四、验证安装 ```cmd mysql -u root -p # 初始密码为空,直接回车 SELECT @@lc_messages_dir; -- 应返回正确路径 SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'datadir'; -- 验证数据目录 ``` > **注意**:如果仍遇到路径错误,建议将MySQL解压到更简单的路径(如 `C:\mysql`),避免深层目录和特殊字符[^3][^4]。
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