gradle 入门实战

最新推荐文章于 2024-12-03 14:41:37 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2024-12-03 14:41:37 发布 · 400 阅读

0 ·

CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

文章标签：

#java #linux #jvm #gradle

gradle in action

1. install

a.前置条件

Gradle 可在所有主流操作系统上运行，需要JDK版本大于等于8即可运行；
Gradle 自带 Groovy 库，因此不需要安装 Groovy。Gradle 会忽略任何现有的 Groovy 安装。

备注：jdk和gradle版本兼容性
在这里插入图片描述

b. 用包管理器安装

SDKMAN! 是一种用于在大多数类 Unix 系统（macOS、Linux、Cygwin、Solaris 和 FreeBSD）上管理多个软件开发工具包的并行版本的工具。

sdk install gradle

Homebrew macOS默认包管理.

brew install gradle

MacPorts 是另外的macOS包管理.

sudo port install gradle

c. 手动安装

1.下载最新的 Gradle 发行版

下载地址：https://gradle.org/releases/

解压&配置环境变量(macOS为例)

mkdir /opt/gradle
unzip -d /opt/gradle gradle-8.1-bin.zip
ls /opt/gradle/gradle-8.1
export PATH=$PATH:/opt/gradle/gradle-8.1/bin

d. 验证

gradle -v

------------------------------------------------------------
Gradle 8.1
------------------------------------------------------------

Build time:   2023-04-12 12:07:45 UTC
Revision:     40ba32cde9d6daf2b92c39376d2758909dd6b813

Kotlin:       1.8.10
Groovy:       3.0.15
Ant:          Apache Ant(TM) version 1.10.11 compiled on July 10 2021
JVM:          1.8.0_333 (Oracle Corporation 25.333-b02)
OS:           Mac OS X 13.3.1 x86_64

e. 资料

https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/installation.html
https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/compatibility.html#compatibility

2. java application demo

a. 创建项目文件夹

Gradle 带有一个名为 init 的内置任务，它会在一个空文件夹中初始化一个新的 Gradle 项目。init任务利用wrapper任务来创建Gradle wrpper脚本，即gradlew。

所以首先为新项目创建一个文件夹并且进入到文件夹中。

mkdir gradle-demo
cd gradle-demo

b. 执行init任务

gradle init

Starting a Gradle Daemon (subsequent builds will be faster)

Select type of project to generate:
  1: basic
  2: application
  3: library
  4: Gradle plugin
Enter selection (default: basic) [1..4] 2

Select implementation language:
  1: C++
  2: Groovy
  3: Java
  4: Kotlin
  5: Scala
  6: Swift
Enter selection (default: Java) [1..6] 3

Generate multiple subprojects for application? (default: no) [yes, no] 
Select build script DSL:
  1: Groovy
  2: Kotlin
Enter selection (default: Groovy) [1..2] 1

Select test framework:
  1: JUnit 4
  2: TestNG
  3: Spock
  4: JUnit Jupiter
Enter selection (default: JUnit Jupiter) [1..4]  

Project name (default: gradle-demo): 
Source package (default: gradle.demo): com.sma.gradle.demo
Enter target version of Java (min. 7) (default: 8): 
Generate build using new APIs and behavior (some features may change in the next minor release)? (default: no) [yes, no] 

> Task :init
Get more help with your project: https://docs.gradle.org/8.1/samples/sample_building_java_applications.html

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 1m 46s
2 actionable tasks: 2 executed

c. 生成的目录结构：

├── app
│   ├── build.gradle #应用的构建脚本
│   └── src
│       ├── main
│       │   ├── java
│       │   │   └── com
│       │   │       └── sma
│       │   │           └── gradle
│       │   │               └── demo
│       │   │                   └── App.java
│       │   └── resources
│       └── test
│           ├── java
│           │   └── com
│           │       └── sma
│           │           └── gradle
│           │               └── demo
│           │                   └── AppTest.java
│           └── resources
├── gradle   #为gradle wrapper生成的文件夹
│   └── wrapper
│       ├── gradle-wrapper.jar
│       └── gradle-wrapper.properties
├── gradlew  # 启动gradle wrapper的脚本
├── gradlew.bat
└── settings.gradle  #项目配置文件，用来定义构建名和子项目

18 directories, 8 files

d. 运行

./gradlew run

Task :app:run
Hello World!

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 6s
2 actionable tasks: 1 executed, 1 up-to-date

e. 构建

./gradlew build

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 7s
7 actionable tasks: 2 executed, 5 up-to-date

注意：如果出现如下问题，可以通过gradle.properties指定

问题：

> Task :app:compileTestJava FAILED

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':app:compileTestJava'.
> Could not find tools.jar. Please check that /Library/Internet Plug-Ins/JavaAppletPlugin.plugin/Contents/Home contains a valid JDK installation.

* Try:
> Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 4s
6 actionable tasks: 5 executed, 1 up-to-date

解决：

vi gradle.properties

org.gradle.java.home=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_333.jdk/Contents/Home

f. 资料：

https://docs.gradle.org/current/samples/sample_building_java_applications.html