多继承的指针转化跟数据在内存的布局有极大的关系。目前,用msvc11和gcc4.8.3去测试指针转化之后的结果。发现只要不涉及编译增加虚表指针的情况下,派生类的地址多数是和继承列表的首个父类地址相同。当然会有其他问题影响到布局的指针转化。此次要提的内容是,别使用c_style指针转化。正确的指针转化来自于:dynamic_cast/static_cast。
编译器内部生成的指针对象有某个反射机制,能从父类指针正确的映射出派生类地址。无论是普通继承还是virtual继承。具体的内存布局我还要看完书才行,待续。
编译器的实现真是太有学问啦,同时也影响着我们使用这门语言。为了未来几十年能在游戏引擎有所作为,必须吃透C++/C、数学和计算机图形学应用方向等。
#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstdarg>
class A
{
public:
A()
{
i = 10;
};
~A(){};
virtual void display()
{
}
int i;
};
class B
{
public:
virtual void display()
{
}
int j;
};
class C :public A,public B
{
public:
int i;
int k;
private:
};
class D:virtual public A
{
public:
int di;
virtual void display() override
{
}
private:
};
class E :virtual public A
{
public:
int ei;
virtual void display() override
{
}
private:
};
class F : public D,public E
{
public:
int fi;
virtual void display() override
{
}
private:
};
int main(int argv, char **argc)
{
C * pC = new C();
B * pB = dynamic_cast<B*>(pC);
A * pA = dynamic_cast<A*>(pC);
B * pB_s = static_cast<B*>(pC);
A * pA_s = static_cast<A*>(pC);
C * pCB_D = dynamic_cast<C*>(pB);
C * pCA_D = dynamic_cast<C*>(pA);
C * pCB_S = static_cast<C*>(pB);
C * pCA_S = static_cast<C*>(pA);
pC->i = 100;
printf("%d\n",pA->i);
printf("pC = %d,pB_d = %d,pA_d = %d,pB_s = %d,pA_s = %d\n", pC, pB, pA, pB_s, pA_s);
printf("pCB_D = %d,pCA_D = %d,pCB_S = %d,pCA_S = %d\n", pCB_D, pCA_D, pCB_S, pCA_S);
F * pF = new F();
D * pD = dynamic_cast<D*>(pF);
E * pE = dynamic_cast<E*>(pF);
D * pD_s = static_cast<D*>(pF);
E * pE_s = static_cast<E*>(pF);
F * pFD_D = dynamic_cast<F*>(pD);
F * pFE_D = dynamic_cast<F*>(pE);
F * pFD_S = static_cast<F*>(pD);
F * pFE_S = static_cast<F*>(pE);
printf("pF = %d,pD_d = %d,pE_d = %d,pD_s = %d,pE_s = %d\n", pF, pD, pE, pD_s, pE_s);
printf("pFD_D = %d, pFE_D = %d,pFD_S = %d, pFE_S = %d\n", pFD_D, pFE_D, pFD_S, pFE_S);
return 0;
}