使用Optional去替换null check

本文介绍了Java8中Optional类的基本用法及注意事项,通过对比null检查的传统方式,展示了Optional如何简化代码并提高可读性。文章还探讨了将Optional作为返回值时的最佳实践。

摘要生成于 C知道 ,由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持, 前往体验 >

“hi 伙计,你的代码又抛出了一个NullPointerException,哈哈!”
“你烦不烦人,事情辣么多,我可没时间去检查null。”

开始使用Optional

如下的null check代码在一般的项目中就特别的多:

// code1
User user = userService.getUserById(12);
if (null != user) {
    // balabala
}

Java8 提供了Optional,其实就是一个对象的容器,通过一个容器去操作里面的对象,这确实会带来很多遍历。这篇文章对Optional的用法阐述得很详细:Java 8 Optional类深度解析

使用Optional改变上面那段代码:

// code2
Optional<User> userOptional = Optional.ofNullable(userService.getUserById(12));
if (userOptional.isPresent()) {
    // balabala
}

这样写,看不到有null !=的代码了,但和code1也没有什么区别,还看不到使用Optional的好处。那就来看看Optional正确的使用姿势:Java 8 Optional—Replace Your Get() Calls
替换上面code2的代码为:

// code3
Optional<User> userOptional = Optional.ofNullable(userService.getUserById(12)).ifPresent(this::doSomething);

还有一些常用的:

// 如果不存在想抛出一个异常 
Optional<User> userOptional = Optional.ofNullable(userService.getUserById(12)).orElseThrow(IllegalArgumentException::new);

// 返回默认值 
// code4
public String getUserName(Long userId) {
   return Optional.ofNullable(getUserNameById(userId)).orElse("");
}

/**
这样的代码就可以使用code4替换掉
public String getUserName(String userId) {
    String name = "";  
    Optional<String> nameOptional = Optional.ofNullable(getUserNameById(userId));
    if (nameOptional.isPresent()) {
        name = nameOptional.get();
    }
    return name;
}
*/

这样代码行数减少了,可读性也会好点(仁者见仁智者见智吧),链式调用正好一气呵成——cool。

更多优雅的使用姿势:Java8 如何正确使用 Optional

Optional作为返回值
public Optional<User> getUserById(Long userId) {
    return Optional.ofNullable(userMapper.selectUserById(userId));
}

当你使用Optional作为返回值的时候,你已经在考虑可能出现null的情况了,并在客户端进行调用的时候你会进行必要的判断,然后才去Optional中get出想要的值,结合IfPresent()、使用lambda表达式还是一个不错的体验呢!

Optional注意事项

正所谓有得必有失,在使用Optional的时候,要注意这些问题:
1. 当使用Optional.of()时,参数如果是null,也会抛出NullPointerException;
2. Optional本身对象也可以是null,如果本身是null,调用isPresent()的时候也会抛出NullPointerException;
3. Optional增加了堆的大小,并使得调试变得麻烦。Optional是一个包装对象,也就是会使用到两个对象引用;
4. 序列化Optional对象会变得困难,所以在给外部client提供接口(比如提供给其他系统调用的soa接口)时,返回值尽量别是Optional的。

这哥们就很不看好Optional,笑哭:
Java 8 Optional: What’s the Point?
曾踩过的一个坑
除了序列化的问题,涎于Optional的优点,我还是会在代码中结合lambda表达式、大量使用Optional的。

参考文章:
Guava学习笔记:Optional优雅的使用null

#!/bin/sh # This script installs Ollama on Linux. # It detects the current operating system architecture and installs the appropriate version of Ollama. set -eu red="$( (/usr/bin/tput bold || :; /usr/bin/tput setaf 1 || :) 2>&-)" plain="$( (/usr/bin/tput sgr0 || :) 2>&-)" status() { echo ">>> $*" >&2; } error() { echo "${red}ERROR:${plain} $*"; exit 1; } warning() { echo "${red}WARNING:${plain} $*"; } TEMP_DIR=$(mktemp -d) cleanup() { rm -rf $TEMP_DIR; } trap cleanup EXIT available() { command -v $1 >/dev/null; } require() { local MISSING='' for TOOL in $*; do if ! available $TOOL; then MISSING="$MISSING $TOOL" fi done echo $MISSING } [ "$(uname -s)" = "Linux" ] || error 'This script is intended to run on Linux only.' ARCH=$(uname -m) case "$ARCH" in x86_64) ARCH="amd64" ;; aarch64|arm64) ARCH="arm64" ;; *) error "Unsupported architecture: $ARCH" ;; esac IS_WSL2=false KERN=$(uname -r) case "$KERN" in *icrosoft*WSL2 | *icrosoft*wsl2) IS_WSL2=true;; *icrosoft) error "Microsoft WSL1 is not currently supported. Please use WSL2 with 'wsl --set-version <distro> 2'" ;; *) ;; esac VER_PARAM="${OLLAMA_VERSION:+?version=$OLLAMA_VERSION}" SUDO= if [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ]; then # Running as root, no need for sudo if ! available sudo; then error "This script requires superuser permissions. Please re-run as root." fi SUDO="sudo" fi NEEDS=$(require curl awk grep sed tee xargs) if [ -n "$NEEDS" ]; then status "ERROR: The following tools are required but missing:" for NEED in $NEEDS; do echo " - $NEED" done exit 1 fi for BINDIR in /usr/local/bin /usr/bin /bin; do echo $PATH | grep -q $BINDIR && break || continue done OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR=$(dirname ${BINDIR}) if [ -d "$OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR/lib/ollama" ] ; then status "Cleaning up old version at $OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR/lib/ollama" $SUDO rm -rf "$OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR/lib/ollama" fi status "Installing ollama to $OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR" $SUDO install -o0 -g0 -m755 -d $BINDIR $SUDO install -o0 -g0 -m755 -d "$OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR/lib/ollama" status "Downloading Linux ${ARCH} bundle" curl --fail --show-error --location --progress-bar \ "https://ollama.com/download/ollama-linux-${ARCH}.tgz${VER_PARAM}" | \ $SUDO tar -xzf - -C "$OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR" if [ "$OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR/bin/ollama" != "$BINDIR/ollama" ] ; then status "Making ollama accessible in the PATH in $BINDIR" $SUDO ln -sf "$OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR/ollama" "$BINDIR/ollama" fi # Check for NVIDIA JetPack systems with additional downloads if [ -f /etc/nv_tegra_release ] ; then if grep R36 /etc/nv_tegra_release > /dev/null ; then status "Downloading JetPack 6 components" curl --fail --show-error --location --progress-bar \ "https://ollama.com/download/ollama-linux-${ARCH}-jetpack6.tgz${VER_PARAM}" | \ $SUDO tar -xzf - -C "$OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR" elif grep R35 /etc/nv_tegra_release > /dev/null ; then status "Downloading JetPack 5 components" curl --fail --show-error --location --progress-bar \ "https://ollama.com/download/ollama-linux-${ARCH}-jetpack5.tgz${VER_PARAM}" | \ $SUDO tar -xzf - -C "$OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR" else warning "Unsupported JetPack version detected. GPU may not be supported" fi fi install_success() { status 'The Ollama API is now available at 127.0.0.1:11434.' status 'Install complete. Run "ollama" from the command line.' } trap install_success EXIT # Everything from this point onwards is optional. configure_systemd() { if ! id ollama >/dev/null 2>&1; then status "Creating ollama user..." $SUDO useradd -r -s /bin/false -U -m -d /usr/share/ollama ollama fi if getent group render >/dev/null 2>&1; then status "Adding ollama user to render group..." $SUDO usermod -a -G render ollama fi if getent group video >/dev/null 2>&1; then status "Adding ollama user to video group..." $SUDO usermod -a -G video ollama fi status "Adding current user to ollama group..." $SUDO usermod -a -G ollama $(whoami) status "Creating ollama systemd service..." cat <<EOF | $SUDO tee /etc/systemd/system/ollama.service >/dev/null [Unit] Description=Ollama Service After=network-online.target [Service] ExecStart=$BINDIR/ollama serve User=ollama Group=ollama Restart=always RestartSec=3 Environment="PATH=$PATH" [Install] WantedBy=default.target EOF SYSTEMCTL_RUNNING="$(systemctl is-system-running || true)" case $SYSTEMCTL_RUNNING in running|degraded) status "Enabling and starting ollama service..." $SUDO systemctl daemon-reload $SUDO systemctl enable ollama start_service() { $SUDO systemctl restart ollama; } trap start_service EXIT ;; *) warning "systemd is not running" if [ "$IS_WSL2" = true ]; then warning "see https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/systemd#how-to-enable-systemd to enable it" fi ;; esac } if available systemctl; then configure_systemd fi # WSL2 only supports GPUs via nvidia passthrough # so check for nvidia-smi to determine if GPU is available if [ "$IS_WSL2" = true ]; then if available nvidia-smi && [ -n "$(nvidia-smi | grep -o "CUDA Version: [0-9]*\.[0-9]*")" ]; then status "Nvidia GPU detected." fi install_success exit 0 fi # Don't attempt to install drivers on Jetson systems if [ -f /etc/nv_tegra_release ] ; then status "NVIDIA JetPack ready." install_success exit 0 fi # Install GPU dependencies on Linux if ! available lspci && ! available lshw; then warning "Unable to detect NVIDIA/AMD GPU. Install lspci or lshw to automatically detect and install GPU dependencies." exit 0 fi check_gpu() { # Look for devices based on vendor ID for NVIDIA and AMD case $1 in lspci) case $2 in nvidia) available lspci && lspci -d '10de:' | grep -q 'NVIDIA' || return 1 ;; amdgpu) available lspci && lspci -d '1002:' | grep -q 'AMD' || return 1 ;; esac ;; lshw) case $2 in nvidia) available lshw && $SUDO lshw -c display -numeric -disable network | grep -q 'vendor: .* \[10DE\]' || return 1 ;; amdgpu) available lshw && $SUDO lshw -c display -numeric -disable network | grep -q 'vendor: .* \[1002\]' || return 1 ;; esac ;; nvidia-smi) available nvidia-smi || return 1 ;; esac } if check_gpu nvidia-smi; then status "NVIDIA GPU installed." exit 0 fi if ! check_gpu lspci nvidia && ! check_gpu lshw nvidia && ! check_gpu lspci amdgpu && ! check_gpu lshw amdgpu; then install_success warning "No NVIDIA/AMD GPU detected. Ollama will run in CPU-only mode." exit 0 fi if check_gpu lspci amdgpu || check_gpu lshw amdgpu; then status "Downloading Linux ROCm ${ARCH} bundle" curl --fail --show-error --location --progress-bar \ "https://ollama.com/download/ollama-linux-${ARCH}-rocm.tgz${VER_PARAM}" | \ $SUDO tar -xzf - -C "$OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR" install_success status "AMD GPU ready." exit 0 fi CUDA_REPO_ERR_MSG="NVIDIA GPU detected, but your OS and Architecture are not supported by NVIDIA. Please install the CUDA driver manually https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/" # ref: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#rhel-7-centos-7 # ref: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#rhel-8-rocky-8 # ref: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#rhel-9-rocky-9 # ref: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#fedora install_cuda_driver_yum() { status 'Installing NVIDIA repository...' case $PACKAGE_MANAGER in yum) $SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER -y install yum-utils if curl -I --silent --fail --location "https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m | sed -e 's/aarch64/sbsa/')/cuda-$1$2.repo" >/dev/null ; then $SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER-config-manager --add-repo https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m | sed -e 's/aarch64/sbsa/')/cuda-$1$2.repo else error $CUDA_REPO_ERR_MSG fi ;; dnf) if curl -I --silent --fail --location "https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m | sed -e 's/aarch64/sbsa/')/cuda-$1$2.repo" >/dev/null ; then $SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER config-manager --add-repo https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m | sed -e 's/aarch64/sbsa/')/cuda-$1$2.repo else error $CUDA_REPO_ERR_MSG fi ;; esac case $1 in rhel) status 'Installing EPEL repository...' # EPEL is required for third-party dependencies such as dkms and libvdpau $SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER -y install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-$2.noarch.rpm || true ;; esac status 'Installing CUDA driver...' if [ "$1" = 'centos' ] || [ "$1$2" = 'rhel7' ]; then $SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER -y install nvidia-driver-latest-dkms fi $SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER -y install cuda-drivers } # ref: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#ubuntu # ref: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#debian install_cuda_driver_apt() { status 'Installing NVIDIA repository...' if curl -I --silent --fail --location "https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m | sed -e 's/aarch64/sbsa/')/cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb" >/dev/null ; then curl -fsSL -o $TEMP_DIR/cuda-keyring.deb https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m | sed -e 's/aarch64/sbsa/')/cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb else error $CUDA_REPO_ERR_MSG fi case $1 in debian) status 'Enabling contrib sources...' $SUDO sed 's/main/contrib/' < /etc/apt/sources.list | $SUDO tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/contrib.list > /dev/null if [ -f "/etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources" ]; then $SUDO sed 's/main/contrib/' < /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources | $SUDO tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/contrib.sources > /dev/null fi ;; esac status 'Installing CUDA driver...' $SUDO dpkg -i $TEMP_DIR/cuda-keyring.deb $SUDO apt-get update [ -n "$SUDO" ] && SUDO_E="$SUDO -E" || SUDO_E= DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive $SUDO_E apt-get -y install cuda-drivers -q } if [ ! -f "/etc/os-release" ]; then error "Unknown distribution. Skipping CUDA installation." fi . /etc/os-release OS_NAME=$ID OS_VERSION=$VERSION_ID PACKAGE_MANAGER= for PACKAGE_MANAGER in dnf yum apt-get; do if available $PACKAGE_MANAGER; then break fi done if [ -z "$PACKAGE_MANAGER" ]; then error "Unknown package manager. Skipping CUDA installation." fi if ! check_gpu nvidia-smi || [ -z "$(nvidia-smi | grep -o "CUDA Version: [0-9]*\.[0-9]*")" ]; then case $OS_NAME in centos|rhel) install_cuda_driver_yum 'rhel' $(echo $OS_VERSION | cut -d '.' -f 1) ;; rocky) install_cuda_driver_yum 'rhel' $(echo $OS_VERSION | cut -c1) ;; fedora) [ $OS_VERSION -lt '39' ] && install_cuda_driver_yum $OS_NAME $OS_VERSION || install_cuda_driver_yum $OS_NAME '39';; amzn) install_cuda_driver_yum 'fedora' '37' ;; debian) install_cuda_driver_apt $OS_NAME $OS_VERSION ;; ubuntu) install_cuda_driver_apt $OS_NAME $(echo $OS_VERSION | sed 's/\.//') ;; *) exit ;; esac fi if ! lsmod | grep -q nvidia || ! lsmod | grep -q nvidia_uvm; then KERNEL_RELEASE="$(uname -r)" case $OS_NAME in rocky) $SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER -y install kernel-devel kernel-headers ;; centos|rhel|amzn) $SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER -y install kernel-devel-$KERNEL_RELEASE kernel-headers-$KERNEL_RELEASE ;; fedora) $SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER -y install kernel-devel-$KERNEL_RELEASE ;; debian|ubuntu) $SUDO apt-get -y install linux-headers-$KERNEL_RELEASE ;; *) exit ;; esac NVIDIA_CUDA_VERSION=$($SUDO dkms status | awk -F: '/added/ { print $1 }') if [ -n "$NVIDIA_CUDA_VERSION" ]; then $SUDO dkms install $NVIDIA_CUDA_VERSION fi if lsmod | grep -q nouveau; then status 'Reboot to complete NVIDIA CUDA driver install.' exit 0 fi $SUDO modprobe nvidia $SUDO modprobe nvidia_uvm fi # make sure the NVIDIA modules are loaded on boot with nvidia-persistenced if available nvidia-persistenced; then $SUDO touch /etc/modules-load.d/nvidia.conf MODULES="nvidia nvidia-uvm" for MODULE in $MODULES; do if ! grep -qxF "$MODULE" /etc/modules-load.d/nvidia.conf; then echo "$MODULE" | $SUDO tee -a /etc/modules-load.d/nvidia.conf > /dev/null fi done fi status "NVIDIA GPU ready." install_success
05-14
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值