c++ template 类模板

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最新推荐文章于 2025-03-17 15:19:40 发布

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分类专栏： c++编程语言

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本文通过两个C++模板类实例，展示了泛型编程中模板类的定义与使用方式，包括栈的实现及带有静态成员变量的类的用法。

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网上学习来的例子：

#include <string.h>   
#include <iostream> 
using namespace std; 

template <typename T> class Stack;

template <typename T> class StackItem
{
public:
 T info;
 StackItem *next;

 StackItem(T x)
 {
  info = x;
  next = NULL;
 }

 friend class Stack<T>;
};

template <typename T> class Stack
{
 StackItem<T> * top;

public:
 Stack()
 {
  top = NULL;
 }

 void push(T x)
 {
  StackItem<T> *p = new StackItem<T>(x);
  p->next = top;
  top = p;
 }

 T pop()
 {
  if(top == NULL)
  {
   throw 1;
  }
  StackItem<T> * p = top;
  top = top->next;
  T x = p->info;
  delete p;
  return x;
 }
};

int main()
{
 Stack<double> a;
 a.push(1.3);
 a.push(9);
 cout << a.pop() << endl;
 cout << a.pop() << endl;
 return 0;
}

输出：

pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ g++ main.cc -o main
pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ ./main
9
1.3
pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$

#include <string.h>   
#include <iostream> 
using namespace std; 

template <class T>
class Base
{
public :    
	T a ;
	Base(T b)
	{
		a = b ;    
	}   
	T getA(){ return a ;} //类内定义 
	void setA(T c);
};

template <class T>   //模板在类外的定义 
void  Base<T>::setA(T c)
{
	a = c ;
}

int main(void)
{
	Base <int>b(4);
	cout<<b.getA()<<endl; 

	Base <double> bc(4);
	bc.setA(4.3);
	cout<<bc.getA()<<endl; 
	return 0 ;    
}

输出：

pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ g++ main.cc -o main
pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ ./main
4
4.3
pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$

#include <string.h>   
#include <iostream> 
using namespace std; 

template <class T>
class Base
{
public :    
	T a ;
	Base(T b)
	{
		a = b ;    
	}   
	T getA(){ return a ;} //类内定义 
	void setA(T c);
        static int count(){return ctr;}
private :
        static int ctr;
};

template <class T> int Base<T>::ctr = 5;

template <class T>   //模板在类外的定义 
void  Base<T>::setA(T c)
{
	a = c ;
}

int main(void)
{
	Base <int>b(4);
	cout<<b.getA()<<endl; 

	Base <double> bc(4);
	bc.setA(4.3);
	cout<<bc.getA()<<endl; 

	Base <int>c(6);
        cout<<c.count()<<endl;
	return 0 ;    
}

输出：

pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ g++ main.cc -o main
pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ ./main
4
4.3
5
pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$