Spring MVC详解-Plus(IDEA版学习笔记)

“在人生中只有曲线前进的快乐,没有直线上升的成功。只有珍惜今天,才会有美好的明天;只有把握住今天,才会有更辉煌的明天。”
你好,我是梦阳辰!期待与你相遇!

01.整合SSM

创建数据库ssmhello

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `books`;

CREATE TABLE `books` (
`bookID` INT(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '书id',
`bookName` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '书名',
`bookCounts` INT(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '数量',
`detail` VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL COMMENT '描述',
KEY `bookID` (`bookID`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

INSERT  INTO `books`(`bookID`,`bookName`,`bookCounts`,`detail`)VALUES
(1,'Java',80,'Java核心技术卷'),
(2,'MySQL',30,'必知必会'),
(3,'Linux',98,'鸟哥的linux私房菜');

搭建环境
1、新建一Maven项目

2.导入依赖

<dependencies>
   <!--Junit-->
   <dependency>
       <groupId>junit</groupId>
       <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
       <version>4.11</version>
   </dependency>
   <!--数据库驱动-->
 <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.48</version>
    </dependency>
   <!-- 数据库连接池 -->
   <dependency>
       <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
       <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
       <version>0.9.5.2</version>
   </dependency>

   <!--Servlet - JSP -->
   <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>4.0.1</version>
    </dependency>
   <dependency>
       <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
       <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
       <version>2.2</version>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
       <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
       <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
       <version>1.2</version>
   </dependency>

   <!--Mybatis-->
   <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
      <version>3.5.6</version>
    </dependency>
    
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis-spring -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.6</version>
</dependency>


   <!--Spring-->
 <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jdbc -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.2</version>
    </dependency>

  <!--AOP-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
      <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
      <version>1.9.6</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

资源过滤设置:

<build>
   <resources>
       <resource>
           <directory>src/main/java</directory>
           <includes>
               <include>**/*.properties</include>
               <include>**/*.xml</include>
           </includes>
           <filtering>false</filtering>
       </resource>
       <resource>
           <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
           <includes>
               <include>**/*.properties</include>
               <include>**/*.xml</include>
           </includes>
           <filtering>false</filtering>
       </resource>
   </resources>
</build>

配置lib.

mybatis整合

1.数据库配置文件

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssmhello?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456

2.Mybatis核心配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>

    <typeAliases>
        <package name="com.mengyangchen.pojo"/>
    </typeAliases>
    <mappers>
        <mapper resource="com/mengyangchen/dao/BookMapper.xml"/>
    </mappers>


</configuration>

3.编写pojo的实体类

package com.mengyangchen.pojo;

public class Books {
    private int bookID;
    private String bookName;
    private int bookCounts;
    private String detail;

    public Books() {
    }

    public Books(int bookID, String bookName, int bookCounts, String detail) {
        this.bookID = bookID;
        this.bookName = bookName;
        this.bookCounts = bookCounts;
        this.detail = detail;
    }

    public int getBookID() {
        return bookID;
    }

    public void setBookID(int bookID) {
        this.bookID = bookID;
    }

    public String getBookName() {
        return bookName;
    }

    public void setBookName(String bookName) {
        this.bookName = bookName;
    }

    public int getBookCounts() {
        return bookCounts;
    }

    public void setBookCounts(int bookCounts) {
        this.bookCounts = bookCounts;
    }

    public String getDetail() {
        return detail;
    }

    public void setDetail(String detail) {
        this.detail = detail;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Books{" +
                "bookID=" + bookID +
                ", bookName='" + bookName + '\'' +
                ", bookCounts=" + bookCounts +
                ", detail='" + detail + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

4.编写dao层的Mapper接口

package com.mengyangchen.dao;

import com.mengyangchen.pojo.Books;

import java.util.List;

public interface BookMapper {

    //增加一个Book
    int addBook(Books book);

    //根据id删除一个Book
    int deleteBookById(int id);

    //更新Book
    int updateBook(Books books);

    //根据id查询,返回一个Book
    Books queryBookById(int id);

    //查询全部Book,返回list集合
    List<Books> queryAllBook();
}

5.编写dao层接口对应的Mapper.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.mengyangchen.dao.BookMapper">

    <!--增加一个Book-->
    <insert id="addBook" parameterType="Books">
      insert into ssmhello.books(bookName,bookCounts,detail)
      values (#{bookName}, #{bookCounts}, #{detail})
   </insert>

    <!--根据id删除一个Book-->
    <delete id="deleteBookById" parameterType="int">
      delete from ssmhello.books where bookID=#{bookID}
   </delete>

    <!--更新Book-->
    <update id="updateBook" parameterType="Books">
      update ssmhello.books
      set bookName = #{bookName},bookCounts = #{bookCounts},detail = #{detail}
      where bookID = #{bookID}
   </update>

    <!--根据id查询,返回一个Book-->
    <select id="queryBookById" resultType="Books">
      select * from ssmhello.books
      where bookID = #{bookID}
   </select>

    <!--查询全部Book-->
    <select id="queryAllBook" resultType="Books">
      SELECT * from ssmhello.books
   </select>

</mapper>

6.编写Service层的接口

package com.mengyangchen.service;

import com.mengyangchen.pojo.Books;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * BookService:底下需要去实现,调用dao层
 */
public interface BookService {
    //增加一个Book
    int addBook(Books book);
    //根据id删除一个Book
    int deleteBookById(int id);
    //更新Book
    int updateBook(Books books);
    //根据id查询,返回一个Book
    Books queryBookById(int id);
    //查询全部Book,返回list集合
    List<Books> queryAllBook();
}

7.编写Service层的实现类

package com.mengyangchen.service;

import com.mengyangchen.dao.BookMapper;
import com.mengyangchen.pojo.Books;

import java.util.List;

public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService{

    //调用dao层的操作,设置一个set接口,方便Spring管理
    private BookMapper bookMapper;

    public void setBookMapper(BookMapper bookMapper) {
        this.bookMapper = bookMapper;
    }
    @Override
    public int addBook(Books book) {
        return bookMapper.addBook(book);
    }

    @Override
    public int deleteBookById(int id) {
        return bookMapper.deleteBookById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public int updateBook(Books books) {
        return bookMapper.updateBook(books);
    }

    @Override
    public Books queryBookById(int id) {
        return bookMapper.queryBookById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Books> queryAllBook() {
        return bookMapper.queryAllBook();
    }
}

整合spring

1.整合mybatis的相关配置文件(spring-dao.xml)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 配置整合mybatis -->
    <!-- 1.关联数据库文件 -->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:database.properties"/>

    <!-- 2.数据库连接池 -->
    <!--数据库连接池
        dbcp 半自动化操作 不能自动连接
        c3p0 自动化操作(自动的加载配置文件 并且设置到对象里面)
    -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <!-- 配置连接池属性 -->
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>

        <!-- c3p0连接池的私有属性 -->
        <property name="maxPoolSize" value="30"/>
        <property name="minPoolSize" value="10"/>
        <!-- 关闭连接后不自动commit -->
        <property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="false"/>
        <!-- 获取连接超时时间 -->
        <property name="checkoutTimeout" value="10000"/>
        <!-- 当获取连接失败重试次数 -->
        <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="2"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 3.配置SqlSessionFactory对象 -->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <!-- 注入数据库连接池 -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <!-- 配置MyBaties全局配置文件:mybatis-config.xml -->
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 4.配置扫描Dao接口包,动态实现Dao接口注入到spring容器中 -->
    <!--解释 :https://www.cnblogs.com/jpfss/p/7799806.html-->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <!-- 注入sqlSessionFactory -->
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
        <!-- 给出需要扫描Dao接口包 -->
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.mengyangchen.dao"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

2.spring整合service层(spring-service.xml)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
   https://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
   https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">

    <!-- 扫描service相关的bean -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.mengyangchen.service" />

    <!--BookServiceImpl注入到IOC容器中-->
    <bean id="BookServiceImpl" class="com.mengyangchen.service.BookServiceImpl">
        <property name="bookMapper" ref="bookMapper"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <!-- 注入数据库连接池 -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <!--结合AOP实现事务的注入-->
    <!--配置事务通知-->
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <!--给哪些方法配置事务-->
        <!--配置事务的传播特性 propagation-->
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="*"/><!--所有方法开启事务-->
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>

    <!--配置事务切入-->
    <aop:config>
        <aop:pointcut id="txPointCut" expression="execution(* com.mengyangchen.dao.*.*(..))"/>
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPointCut"/>
    </aop:config>



</beans>

整合Spring MVC

1.配置web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!--DispatcherServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <!--一定要注意:我们这里加载的是总的配置文件,之前被这里坑了!-->
            <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!--encodingFilter-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>
            org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter
        </filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!--Session过期时间-->
    <session-config>
        <session-timeout>15</session-timeout>
    </session-config>

</web-app>

2.配置spring-mvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
   https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!-- 配置SpringMVC -->
    <!-- 1.开启SpringMVC注解驱动 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    <!-- 2.静态资源默认servlet配置-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

    <!-- 3.配置jsp 显示ViewResolver视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
        <property name="prefix" value="/jsp/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 4.扫描web相关的bean -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.mengyangchen.controller" />

</beans>

3.spring整合配置文件(applicationContext.xml)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <import resource="spring-dao.xml"/>
    <import resource="spring-service.xml"/>
    <import resource="spring-mvc.xml"/>
</beans>

编写代码和测试

1.编写controller层

package com.mengyangchen.controller;

import com.mengyangchen.pojo.Books;
import com.mengyangchen.service.BookService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import java.util.List;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/book")
public class BookController {
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("BookServiceImpl")
    private BookService bookService;

    /*查询书籍*/
    @RequestMapping("/allBook")
    public String list(Model model) {
        List<Books> list = bookService.queryAllBook();
        model.addAttribute("list", list);
        return "allBook";
    }

    /*跳转到添加书籍页面*/
    @RequestMapping("/toAddBook")
    public String toAddPaper() {
        return "addBook";
    }

    /*添加书籍*/
    @RequestMapping("/addBook")
    public String addPaper(Books books) {
        System.out.println(books);
        bookService.addBook(books);
        return "redirect:/book/allBook";
    }

   /*跳转到更新书籍页面*/
    @RequestMapping("/toUpdateBook")
    public String toUpdateBook(Model model, int id) {
        Books books = bookService.queryBookById(id);
        System.out.println(books);
        model.addAttribute("book",books );
        return "updateBook";
    }

    /*修改书籍*/
    @RequestMapping("/updateBook")
    public String updateBook(Model model, Books book) {
        System.out.println(book);
        bookService.updateBook(book);
        Books books = bookService.queryBookById(book.getBookID());
        model.addAttribute("books", books);
        return "redirect:/book/allBook";
    }

    /*删除书籍*/
    @RequestMapping("/del/{bookId}")
    public String deleteBook(@PathVariable("bookId") int id) {
        bookService.deleteBookById(id);
        return "redirect:/book/allBook";
    }
}

2.编写首页index.jsp

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: MengYangChen
  Date: 2021/1/11
  Time: 20:26
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>$Title$</title>
    <style type="text/css">
      a {
        text-decoration: none;
        color: black;
        font-size: 18px;
      }
      h3 {
        width: 180px;
        height: 38px;
        margin: 100px auto;
        text-align: center;
        line-height: 38px;
        background: deepskyblue;
        border-radius: 4px;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
  <h3>
    <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/allBook">点击进入列表页</a>
  </h3>
  </body>
</html>

3.编写allBooke页面

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: MengYangChen
  Date: 2021/1/11
  Time: 21:18
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>书籍列表</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <!-- 引入 Bootstrap -->
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>

<div class="container">

    <div class="row clearfix">
        <div class="col-md-12 column">
            <div class="page-header">
                <h1>
                    <small>书籍列表 —— 显示所有书籍</small>
                </h1>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-4 column">
            <a class="btn btn-primary" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toAddBook">新增</a>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="row clearfix">
        <div class="col-md-12 column">
            <table class="table table-hover table-striped">
                <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th>书籍编号</th>
                    <th>书籍名字</th>
                    <th>书籍数量</th>
                    <th>书籍详情</th>
                    <th>操作</th>
                </tr>
                </thead>

                <tbody>
                <c:forEach var="book" items="${requestScope.get('list')}">
                    <tr>
                        <td>${book.getBookID()}</td>
                        <td>${book.getBookName()}</td>
                        <td>${book.getBookCounts()}</td>
                        <td>${book.getDetail()}</td>
                        <td>
                            <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toUpdateBook?id=${book.getBookID()}">更改</a> |
                            <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/del/${book.getBookID()}">删除</a>
                        </td>
                    </tr>
                </c:forEach>
                </tbody>
            </table>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

</body>
</html>

4.编写addBook.jsp页面

<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>

<html>
<head>
    <title>新增书籍</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <!-- 引入 Bootstrap -->
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">

    <div class="row clearfix">
        <div class="col-md-12 column">
            <div class="page-header">
                <h1>
                    <small>新增书籍</small>
                </h1>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/addBook" method="post">
        书籍名称:<input type="text" name="bookName"><br><br><br>
        书籍数量:<input type="text" name="bookCounts"><br><br><br>
        书籍详情:<input type="text" name="detail"><br><br><br>
        <input type="submit" value="添加">
    </form>

</div>

5.编写updateBook.jsp页面

<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>修改信息</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <!-- 引入 Bootstrap -->
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">

    <div class="row clearfix">
        <div class="col-md-12 column">
            <div class="page-header">
                <h1>
                    <small>修改信息</small>
                </h1>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/updateBook" method="post">
        <input type="hidden" name="bookID" value="${book.getBookID()}"/>
        书籍名称:<input type="text" name="bookName" value="${book.getBookName()}"/>
        书籍数量:<input type="text" name="bookCounts" value="${book.getBookCounts()}"/>
        书籍详情:<input type="text" name="detail" value="${book.getDetail() }"/>
        <input type="submit" value="提交"/>
    </form>

</div>

</body>
</html>

项目目录:
在这里插入图片描述
结果:
在这里插入图片描述

02.Spring MVC 拦截器

SpringMVC的处理器拦截器类似于Servlet开发中的过滤器Filter,用于对处理器进行预处理和后处理。开发者可以自己定义一些拦截器来实现特定的功能。

拦截器是AOP思想的具体应用。

想要自定义拦截器,必须实现 HandlerInterceptor 接口。

过滤器

servlet规范中的一部分,任何java web工程都可以使用

在url-pattern中配置了/*之后,可以对所有要访问的资源进行拦截

拦截器

拦截器是SpringMVC框架自己的,只有使用了SpringMVC框架的工程才能使用

拦截器只会拦截访问的控制器方法, 如果访问的是jsp/html/css/image/js是不会进行拦截的

在上面ssm架构练习的基础上编写一个拦截器

1.编写一个拦截器:

package com.mengyangchen.config;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {


    //在请求处理的方法之前执行
    //如果返回true执行下一个拦截器
    //如果返回false就不执行下一个拦截器
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("------------处理前------------");
        return true;
    }

    //在请求处理方法执行之后执行
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("------------处理后------------");
    }

    //在dispatcherServlet处理后执行,做清理工作.
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("------------清理------------");
    }

}

2.在spring-mvc.xml文件中配置拦截器

 <!--关于拦截器的配置-->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <!--/** 包括路径及其子路径-->
            <!--/admin/* 拦截的是/admin/add等等这种 , /admin/add/user不会被拦截-->
            <!--/admin/** 拦截的是/admin/下的所有-->
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
            <!--bean配置的就是拦截器-->
            <bean class="com.mengyangchen.config.MyInterceptor"/>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

3.编写一个Controller,接收请求

package com.mengyangchen.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

//测试拦截器的控制器
@Controller
public class InterceptorController {
    @RequestMapping("/interceptor")
    @ResponseBody//关闭视图解析器
    public String testFunction() {
        System.out.println("控制器中的方法执行了");
        return "hello";//返回的是字符串
    }
}

4.在首页中添加测试

<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/interceptor">拦截器测试</a>

在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述
扩展(登录验证)

public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

   public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws ServletException, IOException {
       // 如果是登陆页面则放行
       System.out.println("uri: " + request.getRequestURI());
       if (request.getRequestURI().contains("login")) {
           return true;
      }

       HttpSession session = request.getSession();

       // 如果用户已登陆也放行
       if(session.getAttribute("user") != null) {
           return true;
      }

       // 用户没有登陆跳转到登陆页面
       request.getRequestDispatcher("/jsp/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
       return false;
  }

   public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {

  }
   
   public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {

  }
}

在spring-mvc.xml中注册拦截器

<!--关于拦截器的配置-->
<mvc:interceptors>
   <mvc:interceptor>
       <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
       <bean id="loginInterceptor" class="com.kuang.interceptor.LoginInterceptor"/>
   </mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>

03.Spring MVC的上传与下载

文件上传

文件上传是项目开发中最常见的功能之一 ,springMVC 可以很好的支持文件上传,但是SpringMVC上下文中默认没有装配MultipartResolver,因此默认情况下其不能处理文件上传工作。如果想使用Spring的文件上传功能,则需要在上下文中配置MultipartResolver。

前端表单要求:为了能上传文件,必须将表单的method设置为POST,并将enctype设置为multipart/form-data。只有在这样的情况下,浏览器才会把用户选择的文件以二进制数据发送给服务器;

enctype 属性
application/x-www=form-urlencoded:默认方式,只处理表单域中的 value 属性值,采用这种编码方式的表单会将表单域中的值处理成 URL 编码方式。

multipart/form-data:这种编码方式会以二进制流的方式来处理表单数据,这种编码方式会把文件域指定文件的内容也封装到请求参数中,不会对字符编码。

text/plain:除了把空格转换为 “+” 号外,其他字符都不做编码处理,这种方式适用直接通过表单发送邮件。

<form action="" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
   <input type="file" name="file"/>
   <input type="submit">
</form>

一旦设置了enctype为multipart/form-data,浏览器即会采用二进制流的方式来处理表单数据,而对于文件上传的处理则涉及在服务器端解析原始的HTTP响应。在2003年,Apache Software Foundation发布了开源的Commons FileUpload组件,其很快成为Servlet/JSP程序员上传文件的最佳选择。

Servlet3.0规范已经提供方法来处理文件上传,但这种上传需要在Servlet中完成。

而Spring MVC则提供了更简单的封装。

Spring MVC为文件上传提供了直接的支持,这种支持是用即插即用的MultipartResolver实现的。

Spring MVC使用Apache Commons FileUpload技术实现了一个MultipartResolver实现类:

CommonsMultipartResolver。因此,SpringMVC的文件上传还需要依赖Apache Commons FileUpload的组件。

文件上传使用:

1.导入jar包
导入文件上传的jar包,commons-fileupload , Maven会自动帮我们导入他的依赖包 commons-io包;

<!--文件上传-->
<dependency>
   <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
   <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
   <version>1.3.3</version>
</dependency>
<!--servlet-api导入高版本的-->
<dependency>
   <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
   <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
   <version>4.0.1</version>
</dependency>

2.配置lib
在这里插入图片描述
3.配置bean:multipartResolver(spring-mvc.xml)

<!--文件上传配置-->
<bean id="multipartResolver"  class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
   <!-- 请求的编码格式,必须和jSP的pageEncoding属性一致,以便正确读取表单的内容,默认为ISO-8859-1 -->
   <property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"/>
   <!-- 上传文件大小上限,单位为字节(10485760=10M) -->
   <property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"/>
   <property name="maxInMemorySize" value="40960"/>
</bean>

CommonsMultipartFile的常用方法:

String getOriginalFilename():获取上传文件的原名

InputStream getInputStream():获取文件流

void transferTo(File dest):将上传文件保存到一个目录文件中

4.编写前端页面代码

<form action="/upload" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
 <input type="file" name="file"/>
 <input type="submit" value="upload">
</form>

5.新建控制类

package com.mengyangchen.controller;


import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartFile;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.*;

@Controller
public class FileController {
    //@RequestParam("file") 将name=file控件得到的文件封装成CommonsMultipartFile 对象
    //批量上传CommonsMultipartFile则为数组即可
    @RequestMapping("/upload")
    public String fileUpload(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile file , HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {

        //获取文件名 : file.getOriginalFilename();
        String uploadFileName = file.getOriginalFilename();

        //如果文件名为空,直接回到首页!
        if ("".equals(uploadFileName)){
            return "redirect:/index.jsp";
        }
        System.out.println("上传文件名 : "+uploadFileName);

        //上传路径保存设置
        String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
        //如果路径不存在,创建一个
        File realPath = new File(path);
        if (!realPath.exists()){
            realPath.mkdir();
        }
        System.out.println("上传文件保存地址:"+realPath);

        InputStream is = file.getInputStream(); //文件输入流
        OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(new File(realPath,uploadFileName)); //文件输出流

        //读取写出
        int len=0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
            os.write(buffer,0,len);
            os.flush();
        }
        os.close();
        is.close();
        return "redirect:/index.jsp";
    }
}

使用第二种方式:
采用file.Transto 来保存上传的文件
修改表单地址即可

/*
* 采用file.Transto 来保存上传的文件
*/
@RequestMapping("/upload2")
public String  fileUpload2(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile file, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {

   //上传路径保存设置
   String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
   File realPath = new File(path);
   if (!realPath.exists()){
       realPath.mkdir();
  }
   //上传文件地址
   System.out.println("上传文件保存地址:"+realPath);

   //通过CommonsMultipartFile的方法直接写文件(注意这个时候)
   file.transferTo(new File(realPath +"/"+ file.getOriginalFilename()));

   return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}

上传成功!
在这里插入图片描述

文件下载

1、设置 response 响应头

2、读取文件 – InputStream

3、写出文件 – OutputStream

4、执行操作

5、关闭流 (先开后关)

控制层:

/* 文件下载*/
    @RequestMapping(value="/download")
    public String downloads(HttpServletResponse response , HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception{
        //要下载的图片地址
        String  path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
        String  fileName = "1.png";

        //1、设置response 响应头
        response.reset(); //设置页面不缓存,清空buffer
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); //字符编码
        response.setContentType("multipart/form-data"); //二进制传输数据
        //设置响应头
        response.setHeader("Content-Disposition",
                "attachment;fileName="+ URLEncoder.encode(fileName, "UTF-8"));

        File file = new File(path,fileName);
        //2、 读取文件--输入流
        InputStream input=new FileInputStream(file);
        //3、 写出文件--输出流
        OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();

        byte[] buff =new byte[1024];
        int index=0;
        //4、执行 写出操作
        while((index= input.read(buff))!= -1){
            out.write(buff, 0, index);
            out.flush();
        }
        out.close();
        input.close();
        return null;
    }

前端:

<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/download">点击下载</a>

成功!

04.文件传输原理(扩展)

在这里插入图片描述
一般选择采用apache的开源工具common-fileupload这个文件上传组件。

common-fileupload是依赖于comon-io这个包的,所以还需要下载这个包。

1.为保证服务器安全,上传文件应该放在外界无法直接访问的目录下,比如放于WEB-INF目录下。

2.为防止文件覆盖的现象发生,要为上传文件产生一个唯一的文件名

3.要限制上传文件的最大值。

4.可以限制上传文件的类型,在收到上传文件名时,判断后缀名是否合法。

需要用到的类详解
ServletFileUpload负责处理上传的文件数据,并将表单中每个输入项封装成一个Fileltem对象,在使用ServletFileUpload对象解析请求时需要DiskFiletemFactory对象。所以,我们需要在进行解析工作前构造好DiskFileltemFactory对象,通过ServletFileUJpload对象的构造方法或setFileltemFactory()方法设置ServletFileUpload对象的fileltemFactory属性。

get:上传文件大小有限制。

post:上传文件大小没有限制。

05.javaWeb实现文件上传(扩展)

FileSerlvet类

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.ProgressListener;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class FileSerlvet
 */
public class FileSerlvet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
	 *      response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		// response.getWriter().append("Served at: ").append(request.getContextPath());
		
		// 判断上传的文件普通表单还是带文件的表单
		if (!ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request)) {
			return;//终止方法运行,说明这是一个普通的表单,直接返回
		}
	    //创建上传文件的保存路径,建议在WEB-INF路径下,安全,用户无法直接访间上传的文件;
	    String uploadPath =this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/upload");
	    File uploadFile = new File(uploadPath);
	    if (!uploadFile.exists()){
	    uploadFile.mkdir(); //创建这个月录
	    }
		
		// 创建上传文件的保存路径,建议在WEB-INF路径下,安全,用户无法直接访问上传的文件
		String tmpPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/tmp");
		File file = new File(tmpPath);
		if (!file.exists()) {
			file.mkdir();//创建临时目录
		}

		// 处理上传的文件,一般都需要通过流来获取,我们可以使用 request, getInputstream(),原生态的文件上传流获取,十分麻烦
		// 但是我们都建议使用 Apache的文件上传组件来实现, common-fileupload,它需要旅 commons-io组件;
		try {
			// 创建DiskFileItemFactory对象,处理文件路径或者大小限制
			DiskFileItemFactory factory = getDiskFileItemFactory(file);
			/*
			 * //通过这个工厂设置一个缓冲区,当上传的文件大于这个缓冲区的时候,将他放到临时文件 factory.setSizeThreshold(1024 *
			 * 1024); //缓存区大小为1M factory.setRepository (file);//临时目录的保存目录,需要一个File
			 */

			// 2、获取ServletFileUpload
			ServletFileUpload upload = getServletFileUpload(factory);

			// 3、处理上传文件
			// 把前端请求解析,封装成FileItem对象,需要从ServletFileUpload对象中获取
			String msg = uploadParseRequest(upload, request, uploadPath);
			
			// Servlet请求转发消息
			System.out.println(msg);
			if(msg == "文件上传成功!") {
				// Servlet请求转发消息
				request.setAttribute("msg",msg);
				request.getRequestDispatcher("info.jsp").forward(request, response);
			}else {
				msg ="请上传文件";
				request.setAttribute("msg",msg);
				request.getRequestDispatcher("info.jsp").forward(request, response);
			}

		} catch (FileUploadException e) {
			// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	public static DiskFileItemFactory getDiskFileItemFactory(File file) {
		DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
		// 通过这个工厂设置一个缓冲区,当上传的文件大于这个缓冲区的时候,将他放到临时文件中;
		factory.setSizeThreshold(1024 * 1024);// 缓冲区大小为1M
		factory.setRepository(file);// 临时目录的保存目录,需要一个file
		return factory;
	}

	public static ServletFileUpload getServletFileUpload(DiskFileItemFactory factory) {
		ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
		// 监听长传进度
		upload.setProgressListener(new ProgressListener() {

			// pBYtesRead:已读取到的文件大小
			// pContextLength:文件大小
			public void update(long pBytesRead, long pContentLength, int pItems) {
				System.out.println("总大小:" + pContentLength + "已上传:" + pBytesRead);
			}
		});

		// 处理乱码问题
		upload.setHeaderEncoding("UTF-8");
		// 设置单个文件的最大值
		upload.setFileSizeMax(1024 * 1024 * 10);
		// 设置总共能够上传文件的大小
		// 1024 = 1kb * 1024 = 1M * 10 = 10м

		return upload;
	}

	public static String uploadParseRequest(ServletFileUpload upload, HttpServletRequest request, String uploadPath)
			throws FileUploadException, IOException {

		String msg = "";
		
		// 把前端请求解析,封装成FileItem对象
		List<FileItem> fileItems = upload.parseRequest(request);
		for (FileItem fileItem : fileItems) {
			if (fileItem.isFormField()) {// 判断上传的文件是普通的表单还是带文件的表单
				// getFieldName指的是前端表单控件的name;
				String name = fileItem.getFieldName();
				String value = fileItem.getString("UTF-8"); // 处理乱码
				System.out.println(name + ": " + value);
			} else {// 判断它是上传的文件
				
				// ============处理文件==============

				// 拿到文件名
				String uploadFileName = fileItem.getName();
				System.out.println("上传的文件名: " + uploadFileName);
				if (uploadFileName.trim().equals("") || uploadFileName == null) {
					continue;
				}

				// 获得上传的文件名/images/girl/paojie.png
				String fileName = uploadFileName.substring(uploadFileName.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
				// 获得文件的后缀名
				String fileExtName = uploadFileName.substring(uploadFileName.lastIndexOf(".") + 1);

				/*
				 * 如果文件后缀名fileExtName不是我们所需要的 就直按return.不处理,告诉用户文件类型不对。
				 */

				System.out.println("文件信息[件名: " + fileName + " ---文件类型" + fileExtName + "]");
				// 可以使用UID(唯一识别的通用码),保证文件名唯
				// 0UID. randomUUID(),随机生一个唯一识别的通用码;
				String uuidPath = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
				
				// ================处理文件完毕==============

				// 存到哪? uploadPath
				// 文件真实存在的路径realPath
				String realPath = uploadPath + "/" + uuidPath;
				// 给每个文件创建一个对应的文件夹
				File realPathFile = new File(realPath);
				if (!realPathFile.exists()) {
					realPathFile.mkdir();
				}
				// ==============存放地址完毕==============
				
				
				// 获得文件上传的流
				InputStream inputStream = fileItem.getInputStream();
				// 创建一个文件输出流
				// realPath =真实的文件夹;
				// 差了一个文件;加上翰出文件的名产"/"+uuidFileName
				FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(realPath + "/" + fileName);

				// 创建一个缓冲区
				byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024];
				// 判断是否读取完毕
				int len = 0;
				// 如果大于0说明还存在数据;
				while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) > 0) {
					fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
				}
				// 关闭流
				fos.close();
				inputStream.close();
				
				msg = "文件上传成功!";
				fileItem.delete(); // 上传成功,清除临时文件
				//=============文件传输完成=============
			}
		}
		return msg;

	}
}

注册xml:

<servlet>
  	<servlet-name>upload</servlet-name>
  	<servlet-class>com.mengyangchen.FileSerlvet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
 <servlet-name>upload</servlet-name>
 <url-pattern>/upload.do</url-pattern>

导入依赖:

	<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-fileupload/commons-fileupload -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
			<version>1.4</version>
		</dependency>
	<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-io/commons-io -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
			<version>2.6</version>
		</dependency>

index.jsp:

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
	<body>
		<%--
		GET:上传文件大小有限制
		POST:上传文件大小没有限制
		 ${pageContext.request.contextPath}
		 --%>
		<form action="upload.do" enctype="multipart/form-data"  method="post">
			上传用户:<input type="text" name="username"><br/>
			<P><input type="file" name="file1"></P>
			<P><input type="file" name="file1"></P>
			<P><input type="submit" value="提交"> | <input type="reset"></P>
		</form>
	</body>
</html>

info.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>

<%=request.getAttribute("msg")%>

</body>
</html>

Great minds have purpose, others have wishes.

在这里插入图片描述

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