|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
|
#cat /etc/yum.conf
[main]
cachedir=/
var
/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
#yum下载的RPM包的缓存目录
keepcache=
0
#缓存是否保存，
1
保存，
0
不保存。
debuglevel=
2
#调试级别(
0
-
10
)，默认为
2
(具体调试级别的应用，我也不了解)。
logfile=/
var
/log/yum.log
#yum的日志文件所在的位置
exactarch=
1
#在更新的时候，是否允许更新不同版本的RPM包，比如是否在i386上更新i686的RPM包。
obsoletes=
1
#这是一个update的参数，具体请参阅yum(
8
)，简单的说就是相当于upgrade，允许更新陈旧的RPM包。
gpgcheck=
1
#是否检查GPG(GNU Private Guard)，一种密钥方式签名。
plugins=
1
#是否允许使用插件，默认是
0
不允许，但是我们一般会用yum-fastestmirror这个插件。
installonly_limit=
5
#允许保留多少个内核包。
bugtracker_url=http:
//bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=19&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum
distroverpkg=centos-release
# This
is
the
default
,
if
you make
this
bigger yum won't see
if
the metadata
#
is
newer on the remote and so you'll
"gain"
the bandwidth of not having to
# download the
new
metadata and
"pay"
for
it by yum not having correct
# information.
# It
is
esp. important, to have correct metadata,
for
distributions like
# Fedora which don
't keep old packages around. If you don'
t like
this
checking
# interupting your command line usage, it's much better to have something
# manually check the metadata once an hour (yum-updatesd will
do
this
).
# metadata_expire=90m
# PUT YOUR REPOS HERE OR IN separate files named file.repo
#
in
/etc/yum.repos.d
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
|
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
#baseurl=http:
//mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=
1
gpgkey=file:
///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
|
[base]
#方括号里面的是软件源的名称，将被yum取得并识别
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
#这里也定义了软件 仓库的名称，通常是为了方便阅读配置文件，一般没什么作用，
$releasever变量定义了发行版本，通常是
5
，
6
，
7
等数字，
这个变量根据当前系统的版本架构不同而有不同的取值，
这可以方便yum升级的时候选择 适合当前系统的软件包，以下同……
#baseurl=http:
//mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
#上面的一行baseurl第一个字符是
'#'
表示该行已经被注释，将不会被读取，
$basearch变量定义了系统的架构，可以是i386、x86_64、ppc等值
这一行的意思是指定一个baseurl（源的镜像服务器地址）
enabled=
1
#这个选项表示这个repo中定义的源是启用的，
0
为禁用
gpgcheck=
1
#
这个选项表示这个repo中下载的rpm将进行gpg的校验，已确定rpm包的来源是有效和安全的
gpgkey=file:
///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#定义用于校验的gpg密钥
|
|
1
|
#yum -y install createrepo
|
|
1
|
#createrepo 软件包文件目录
|
|
1
|
#mkdir /mnt/cdrom
|
|
1
|
#mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
|
|
1
|
#ls /mnt/cdrom
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
|
[root@LinuxHost yum.repos.d]# mkdir /mnt/cdrom
[root@LinuxHost yum.repos.d]# mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
mount: block device /dev/sr0
is
write-
protected
, mounting read-only
[root@LinuxHost yum.repos.d]# ls /mnt/cdrom
CentOS_BuildTag isolinux RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-
6
EFI Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-
6
EULA RELEASE-NOTES-en-US.html RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-
6
GPL repodata TRANS.TBL
images RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-
6
|
|
1
|
#cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
|
|
1
|
#ls
|
|
1
2
|
#mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak
#mv CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo.bak
|
|
1
|
#vi CentOS-Media.repo
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
[root@LinuxHost yum.repos.d]# cat CentOS-Media.repo
[C6-Media]
name=CentOS-$releaserver-Media
baseurl=file:
///mnt/cdrom
gpcheck=
1
enabled=
1
gpgkey=file:
///mnt/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
[root@LinuxHost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id repo name status
C6-Media CentOS-$releaserver-Media
6
,
518
repolist:
6
,
518
|
|
1
2
|
直接安装包（可指定版本号）
yum install packages -y
|
|
1
|
yum list
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
|
[root@LinuxHost yum.repos.d]# yum list |more
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Determining fastest mirrors
Installed Packages
ConsoleKit.x86_64
0.4
.
1
-
3
.el6 @anaconda-Cen
tOS-
201410241409
.x86_64/
6.6
ConsoleKit-libs.x86_64
0.4
.
1
-
3
.el6 @anaconda-Cen
tOS-
201410241409
.x86_64/
6.6
ConsoleKit-x11.x86_64
0.4
.
1
-
3
.el6 @anaconda-Cen
tOS-
201410241409
.x86_64/
6.6
DeviceKit-power.x86_64
014
-
3
.el6 @anaconda-Cen
tOS-
201410241409
.x86_64/
6.6
GConf2.x86_64
2.28
.
0
-
6
.el6 @anaconda-Cen
tOS-
201410241409
.x86_64/
6.6
|
|
1
|
yum repolist
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
[root@LinuxHost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id repo name status
C6-Media CentOS-$releaserver-Media
6
,
518
repolist:
6
,
518
|
|
1
2
3
|
--disablerepo=name repolist禁用某个仓库，优先级高于配置文件定义的
--enablerepo=name repolist启用某个仓库，优先级高于配置文件定义的
yum list {all|installed|available}显示选项后可以使用globbing通配符
|
|
1
|
yum clean all
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
|
[root@LinuxHost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Cleaning repos: C6-Media
Cleaning up Everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
|
|
1
|
yum makecache
|
|
1
|
yum update packages
|
|
1
|
yum downgrade packages
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
|
[root@LinuxHost dvd]# rpm -Uvh zsh-
4.3
.
10
-
8
.el6_5.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [
100
%]
1
:zsh ########################################### [
100
%]
[root@LinuxHost dvd]# yum downgrade zsh
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Setting up Downgrade Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package zsh.x86_64
0
:
4.3
.
10
-
7
.el6 will be a downgrade
---> Package zsh.x86_64
0
:
4.3
.
10
-
8
.el6_5 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
========================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
========================================================================================
Downgrading:
zsh x86_64
4.3
.
10
-
7
.el6 C6-Media
2.1
M
Transaction Summary
========================================================================================
Downgrade
1
Package(s)
Total download size:
2.1
M
Is
this
ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
Installing : zsh-
4.3
.
10
-
7
.el6.x86_64
1
/
2
Cleanup : zsh-
4.3
.
10
-
8
.el6_5.x86_64
2
/
2
Verifying : zsh-
4.3
.
10
-
7
.el6.x86_64
1
/
2
Verifying : zsh-
4.3
.
10
-
8
.el6_5.x86_64
2
/
2
Removed:
zsh.x86_64
0
:
4.3
.
10
-
8
.el6_5
Installed:
zsh.x86_64
0
:
4.3
.
10
-
7
.el6
Complete!
[root@LinuxHost dvd]# rpm -qa zsh
zsh-
4.3
.
10
-
7
.el6.x86_64
|
|
1
|
yum remove|erease packages
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
|
[root@LinuxHost dvd]# yum remove zsh
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Setting up Remove Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package zsh.x86_64
0
:
4.3
.
10
-
7
.el6 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
========================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
========================================================================================
Removing:
zsh x86_64
4.3
.
10
-
7
.el6 @C6-Media
4.8
M
Transaction Summary
========================================================================================
Remove
1
Package(s)
Installed size:
4.8
M
Is
this
ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Erasing : zsh-
4.3
.
10
-
7
.el6.x86_64
1
/
1
Verifying : zsh-
4.3
.
10
-
7
.el6.x86_64
1
/
1
Removed:
zsh.x86_64
0
:
4.3
.
10
-
7
.el6
Complete!
[root@LinuxHost dvd]# rpm -qa zsh
|
|
1
|
yum info packages
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
|
[root@LinuxHost dvd]# yum info zsh
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Available Packages
Name : zsh
Arch : x86_64
Version :
4.3
.
10
Release :
7
.el6
Size :
2.1
M
Repo : C6-Media
Summary : A powerful interactive shell
URL : http:
//zsh.sunsite.dk/
License : BSD
Description : The zsh shell
is
a command interpreter usable
as
an interactive login
: shell and
as
a shell script command processor. Zsh resembles the ksh
: shell (the Korn shell), but includes many enhancements. Zsh supports
: command line editing, built-
in
spelling correction, programmable
: command completion, shell functions (
with
autoloading), a history
: mechanism, and more.
|
|
1
|
yum search KEYWORD
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
|
[root@LinuxHost dvd]# yum search zsh
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
=================================== N/S Matched: zsh ===================================
python-twisted-core-zsh.x86_64 : Tab completion
for
Zsh and Twisted Core
zsh-html.x86_64 : Zsh shell manual
in
html format
zsh.x86_64 : A powerful interactive shell
Name and summary matches only,
use
"search all"
for
everything.
|
|
1
|
yum provides|whatprovides /path/file
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
|
[root@LinuxHost dvd]# yum provides /usr/bin/yum
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
yum-
3.2
.
29
-
60
.el6.centos.noarch : RPM
package
installer/updater/manager
Repo : C6-Media
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/bin/yum
yum-
3.2
.
29
-
60
.el6.centos.noarch : RPM
package
installer/updater/manager
Repo : installed
Matched from:
Other : Provides-match: /usr/bin/yum
|
|
1
|
yum grouplist
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
|
[root@LinuxHost dvd]# yum grouplist |more
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Setting up Group Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Installed Groups:
Additional Development
Base
Console internet tools
Desktop
Development tools
Dial-up Networking Support
Directory Client
E-mail server
Fonts
General Purpose Desktop
Graphical Administration Tools
Hardware monitoring utilities
Input Methods
Legacy UNIX compatibility
Legacy X Window System compatibility
NFS file server
Network Infrastructure Server
Network file system client
Networking Tools
Performance Tools
Perl Support
Security Tools
System administration tools
Web Server
X Window System
Installed Language Groups:
--More--
|
|
1
|
yum groupinfo “group_name"
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
|
[root@LinuxHost dvd]# yum groupinfo
"Development tools"
|more
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Setting up Group Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Group: Development tools
Description: A basic development environment.
Mandatory Packages:
autoconf
automake
binutils
bison
flex
gcc
gcc-c++
gettext
libtool
make
patch
pkgconfig
redhat-rpm-config
rpm-build
Default Packages:
byacc
cscope
ctags
cvs
diffstat
doxygen
elfutils
gcc-gfortran
--More--
信息太多省略
|
|
1
2
|
yum groupinstall
"group_name"
yum install @group_name
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
|
[root@LinuxHost dvd]# yum groupinstall
"Server Platform Development"
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Setting up Group Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Package zlib-devel-
1.2
.
3
-
29
.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package glibc-devel-
2.12
-
1.149
.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package libstdc++-devel-
4.4
.
7
-
11
.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package ncurses-devel-
5.7
-
3.20090208
.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package
1
:dbus-devel-
1.2
.
24
-
7
.el6_3.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package db4-devel-
4.7
.
25
-
18
.el6_4.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package krb5-devel.x86_64
0
:
1.10
.
3
-
33
.el6 will be installed
省略。。。。。。。
|
|
1
2
|
yum groupremove
"group_name"
yum remove @group_name
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
|
[root@LinuxHost dvd]# yum groupremove
"Server Platform Development"
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Setting up Group Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package db4-devel.x86_64
0
:
4.7
.
25
-
18
.el6_4 will be erased
--> Processing Dependency: db4-devel
for
package
:
4
:perl-devel-
5.10
.
1
-
136
.el6.x86_64
---> Package dbus-devel.x86_64
1
:
1.2
.
24
-
7
.el6_3 will be erased
---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64
0
:
2.12
-
1.149
.el6 will be erased
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-devel >=
2.2
.
90
-
12
for
package
: gcc-
4.4
.
7
-
11
.el6.x86_64
---> Package libstdc++-devel.x86_64
0
:
4.4
.
7
-
11
.el6 will be erased
--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++-devel =
4.4
.
7
-
11
.el6
for
package
: gcc-c++-
4.4
.
7
-
11
.el6.x86_64
省略。。。。。。
|
|
1
|
yum groupupdate
"group_name"
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
|
[root@LinuxHost dvd]# yum groupupdate
"Server Platform Development"
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Setting up Group Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Package zlib-devel-
1.2
.
3
-
29
.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package glibc-devel-
2.12
-
1.149
.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package libstdc++-devel-
4.4
.
7
-
11
.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package ncurses-devel-
5.7
-
3.20090208
.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package
1
:dbus-devel-
1.2
.
24
-
7
.el6_3.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package db4-devel-
4.7
.
25
-
18
.el6_4.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package krb5-devel.x86_64
0
:
1.10
.
3
-
33
.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libselinux-devel
for
package
: krb5-devel-
1.10
.
3
-
33
.el6.x86_64
省略
|
|
1
|
yum localinstall packages
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
|
[root@LinuxHost dvd]# yum localinstall zsh-
4.3
.
10
-
8
.el6_5.x86_64.rpm
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Setting up Local Package Process
Examining zsh-
4.3
.
10
-
8
.el6_5.x86_64.rpm: zsh-
4.3
.
10
-
8
.el6_5.x86_64
Marking zsh-
4.3
.
10
-
8
.el6_5.x86_64.rpm to be installed
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package zsh.x86_64
0
:
4.3
.
10
-
8
.el6_5 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
========================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
========================================================================================
Installing:
zsh x86_64
4.3
.
10
-
8
.el6_5 /zsh-
4.3
.
10
-
8
.el6_5.x86_64
4.8
M
Transaction Summary
========================================================================================
Install
1
Package(s)
Total size:
4.8
M
Installed size:
4.8
M
Is
this
ok [y/N]:
省略信息。。。。。。
|
|
1
|
yum localinstall packages --nogpgcheck
|
|
1
|
yum check-update
|
|
1
2
3
|
[root@LinuxHost dvd]# yum check-update
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
|
|
1
|
yum reinstall packages
|
|
1
|
yum deplist packages
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
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[root@LinuxHost dvd]# yum deplist python
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Finding dependencies:
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
package
: python.x86_64
2.6
.
6
-
52
.el6
dependency: python-libs(x86-
64
) =
2.6
.
6
-
52
.el6
provider: python-libs.x86_64
2.6
.
6
-
52
.el6
dependency: libutil.so.
1
()(64bit)
provider: glibc.x86_64
2.12
-
1.149
.el6
dependency: libdl.so.
2
()(64bit)
provider: glibc.x86_64
2.12
-
1.149
.el6
dependency: rtld(GNU_HASH)
provider: glibc.x86_64
2.12
-
1.149
.el6
provider: glibc.i686
2.12
-
1.149
.el6
dependency: libm.so.
6
()(64bit)
provider: glibc.x86_64
2.12
-
1.149
.el6
dependency: libpython2.
6
.so.
1.0
()(64bit)
provider: python-libs.x86_64
2.6
.
6
-
52
.el6
dependency: libpthread.so.
0
()(64bit)
provider: glibc.x86_64
2.12
-
1.149
.el6
dependency: libc.so.
6
(GLIBC_2.
2.5
)(64bit)
provider: glibc.x86_64
2.12
-
1.149
.el6
|
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[root@LinuxHost dvd]# yum history
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
ID | Login user |
Date
and time | Action(s) | Altered
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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| Downgrade |
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| Install |
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| Install |
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| root <root> |
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| Install |
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| root <root> |
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| root <root> |
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| root <root> |
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| root <root> |
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| System <unset> |
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| Install |
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history list
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yum check
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[root@LinuxHost dvd]# yum check
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
check all
|
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