SpringBoot 扩展篇：ConfigFileApplicationListener源码解析

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原创 2024-05-03 09:46:27 1.3k 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

SpringBoot外化配置源码解析：Profile处理实现基于Profile 的处理实现在日常使用中我们可以通过配置 spring.profiles.active 指定一组不同环境的配置文件，比如application-dev.properties、application-test.properties、application-prod.properties。那么，profile 是如何被加载使用的呢？本节带大家重点分析一下 ConfigFileApplicationListener 类中基于 profile 的文件加载处理逻辑。在 ConfigFileA 阅读详情

SpringBoot 扩展篇：ConfigFileApplicationListener源码解析

1.概述

SpringBoot的配置文件加载由ConfigFileApplicationListener完成的，它会加载application.properties、application.yml等配置文件，还支持用户配置和扩展。本文从源码的角度分析它的原理。

加载完毕的配置信息最终都会放入到Environment中。

2. ConfigFileApplicationListener定义

在这里插入图片描述
ConfigFileApplicationListener定义在spring.factories中。监听器注册和执行原理参考：SpringBoot 源码解析3：事件监听器

3. ConfigFileApplicationListener回调链路

3.1 SpringApplication#run

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
	StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
	stopWatch.start();
	ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
	configureHeadlessProperty();
	SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
	listeners.starting();
	try {
		ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
		ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
		configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
		Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
		context = createApplicationContext();
		prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
		refreshContext(context);
		afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
		stopWatch.stop();
		if (this.logStartupInfo) {
			new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass).logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
		}
		listeners.started(context);
		callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
	}
	catch (Throwable ex) {
		handleRunFailure(context, ex, listeners);
		throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
	}

	try {
		listeners.running(context);
	}
	catch (Throwable ex) {
		handleRunFailure(context, ex, null);
		throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
	}
	return context;
}

这是SpringBoot启动最基础的方法，调用了prepareEnvironment。

3.2 SpringApplication#prepareEnvironment

private ConfigurableEnvironment prepareEnvironment(SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
		ApplicationArguments applicationArguments) {
	// Create and configure the environment
	// 创建environment对象
	ConfigurableEnvironment environment = getOrCreateEnvironment();
	// 配置环境
	configureEnvironment(environment, applicationArguments.getSourceArgs());
	ConfigurationPropertySources.attach(environment);
	// 发布监听事件
	listeners.environmentPrepared(environment);
	bindToSpringApplication(environment);
	if (!this.isCustomEnvironment) {
		environment = new EnvironmentConverter(getClassLoader()).convertEnvironmentIfNecessary(environment,
				deduceEnvironmentClass());
	}
	ConfigurationPropertySources.attach(environment);
	return environment;
}

getOrCreateEnvironment创建StandardServletEnvironment，所有的启动参数和配置文件信息都会保存到environment中。environment中默认创建了4个propertySource，分别用来存放系统属性和servlet属性。
configureEnvironment配置环境信息，此时配置文件还没解析。
listeners.environmentPrepared，调用监听器ConfigFileApplicationListener解析配置文件。最终回调了ConfigFileApplicationListener#onApplicationEvent，这里是解析文件的核心逻辑。

@Override
public void environmentPrepared(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) {
	this.initialMulticaster
			.multicastEvent(new ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent(this.application, this.args, environment));
}

监听器发布的是ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent类型的事件。

bindToSpringApplication解析完毕所有的配置文件信息之后，将spring.main.*的环境变量与当前的springApplication对象的属性绑定。比如allowBeanDefinitionOverriding配置就是在这里读取的。

3.3 配置environment

SpringApplication#configureEnvironment

protected void configureEnvironment(ConfigurableEnvironment environment, String[] args) {
	if (this.addConversionService) {
		ConversionService conversionService = ApplicationConversionService.getSharedInstance();
		environment.setConversionService((ConfigurableConversionService) conversionService);
	}
	configurePropertySources(environment, args);
	configureProfiles(environment, args);
}

第二个参数args为SpringBoot启动参数。
configurePropertySources方法会将启动参数解析保存到environment中。

protected void configurePropertySources(ConfigurableEnvironment environment, String[] args) {
	MutablePropertySources sources = environment.getPropertySources();
	if (this.defaultProperties != null && !this.defaultProperties.isEmpty()) {
		sources.addLast(new MapPropertySource("defaultProperties", this.defaultProperties));
	}
	if (this.addCommandLineProperties && args.length > 0) {
		String name = CommandLinePropertySource.COMMAND_LINE_PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME;
		if (sources.contains(name)) {
			PropertySource<?> source = sources.get(name);
			CompositePropertySource composite = new CompositePropertySource(name);
			composite.addPropertySource(
					new SimpleCommandLinePropertySource("springApplicationCommandLineArgs", args));
			composite.addPropertySource(source);
			sources.replace(name, composite);
		}
		else {
			sources.addFirst(new SimpleCommandLinePropertySource(args));
		}
	}
}

通过addFirst会将启动参数的属性添加到第一个PropertySources，优先级最高。

protected <T> T getProperty(String key, Class<T> targetValueType, boolean resolveNestedPlaceholders) {
	if (this.propertySources != null) {
		for (PropertySource<?> propertySource : this.propertySources) {
			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
				logger.trace("Searching for key '" + key + "' in PropertySource '" +
						propertySource.getName() + "'");
			}
			Object value = propertySource.getProperty(key);
			if (value != null) {
				if (resolveNestedPlaceholders && value instanceof String) {
					value = resolveNestedPlaceholders((String) value);
				}
				logKeyFound(key, propertySource, value);
				return convertValueIfNecessary(value, targetValueType);
			}
		}
	}
	if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
		logger.trace("Could not find key '" + key + "' in any property source");
	}
	return null;
}

如果有多个相同的key在不同的propertySource中，在通过key从environment中获取值的时候，会遍历所有的PropertySources，获取到第一个就会返回。
3. configureProfiles方法

protected void configureProfiles(ConfigurableEnvironment environment, String[] args) {
	Set<String> profiles = new LinkedHashSet<>(this.additionalProfiles);
	profiles.addAll(Arrays.asList(environment.getActiveProfiles()));
	environment.setActiveProfiles(StringUtils.toStringArray(profiles));
}

通过environment.getActiveProfiles() 获取spring.profiles.active的值，此时的配置文件还没有解析，获取到的是启动参数中的值。

4. 环境准备事件 ConfigFileApplicationListener#onApplicationEvent

由上文可知，发布的是ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent类型的事件

@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
	if (event instanceof ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent) {
		onApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent((ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent) event);
	}
	if (event instanceof ApplicationPreparedEvent) {
		onApplicationPreparedEvent(event);
	}
}

private void onApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent(ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent event) {
	List<EnvironmentPostProcessor> postProcessors = loadPostProcessors();
	postProcessors.add(this);
	AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(postProcessors);
	for (EnvironmentPostProcessor postProcessor : postProcessors) {
		postProcessor.postProcessEnvironment(event.getEnvironment(), event.getSpringApplication());
	}
}

loadPostProcessors会从spring.factories中加载所有EnvironmentPostProcessor类型的处理器。
SpringBoot 基础概念：SpringApplication#getSpringFactoriesInstances
最终将自己加入到这些处理器中，然后依次执行postProcessEnvironment方法。

4. 加载配置类

加载配置类的核心逻辑的入口在 ConfigFileApplicationListener#postProcessEnvironment。

@Override
public void postProcessEnvironment(ConfigurableEnvironment environment, SpringApplication application) {
	addPropertySources(environment, application.getResourceLoader());
}

protected void addPropertySources(ConfigurableEnvironment environment, ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {
	RandomValuePropertySource.addToEnvironment(environment);
	new Loader(environment, resourceLoader).load();
}

可以看到，加载配置的逻辑交给了Loader。

4.1 Loader相关属性介绍

Loader是ConfigFileApplicationListener的内部类。

构造器

Loader(ConfigurableEnvironment environment, ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {
	this.environment = environment;
	this.placeholdersResolver = new PropertySourcesPlaceholdersResolver(this.environment);
	this.resourceLoader = (resourceLoader != null) ? resourceLoader : new DefaultResourceLoader();
	this.propertySourceLoaders = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactories(PropertySourceLoader.class,
			getClass().getClassLoader());
}

propertySourceLoaders 是从spring.factories文件中加载的配置文件加载器。
在这里插入图片描述
PropertiesPropertySourceLoader负责读取*.properties、*.xml中的内容

public class PropertiesPropertySourceLoader implements PropertySourceLoader {

	private static final String XML_FILE_EXTENSION = ".xml";

	@Override
	public String[] getFileExtensions() {
		return new String[] { "properties", "xml" };
	}
	....
}

YamlPropertySourceLoader负责读取*.yml、*.yaml文件中的内容

public class YamlPropertySourceLoader implements PropertySourceLoader {

	@Override
	public String[] getFileExtensions() {
		return new String[] { "yml", "yaml" };
	}
}

ConfigFileApplicationListener中的属性

private static final String DEFAULT_PROPERTIES = "defaultProperties";

// Note the order is from least to most specific (last one wins)
private static final String DEFAULT_SEARCH_LOCATIONS = "classpath:/,classpath:/config/,file:./,file:./config/";

private static final String DEFAULT_NAMES = "application";

private static final Set<String> NO_SEARCH_NAMES = Collections.singleton(null);

private static final Bindable<String[]> STRING_ARRAY = Bindable.of(String[].class);

private static final Bindable<List<String>> STRING_LIST = Bindable.listOf(String.class);

private static final Set<String> LOAD_FILTERED_PROPERTY;

static {
	Set<String> filteredProperties = new HashSet<>();
	filteredProperties.add("spring.profiles.active");
	filteredProperties.add("spring.profiles.include");
	LOAD_FILTERED_PROPERTY = Collections.unmodifiableSet(filteredProperties);
}

Loader类中的属性

private final Log logger = ConfigFileApplicationListener.this.logger;

// environment，Spring所有解析的配置信息和启动参数都放入到了environment中 
private final ConfigurableEnvironment environment;

// 占位符解析器，解析${key}
private final PropertySourcesPlaceholdersResolver placeholdersResolver;

// 资源加载器，加载文件资源
private final ResourceLoader resourceLoader;

private final List<PropertySourceLoader> propertySourceLoaders;

// profile对应spring.profiles.active、spring.profiles.include、spring.profiles.default对应的配置属性
private Deque<Profile> profiles;

private List<Profile> processedProfiles;

private boolean activatedProfiles;

private Map<Profile, MutablePropertySources> loaded;

private Map<DocumentsCacheKey, List<Document>> loadDocumentsCache = new HashMap<>();

4.2 Loader加载配置文件

FilteredPropertySource#apply

static void apply(ConfigurableEnvironment environment, String propertySourceName, Set<String> filteredProperties,
		Consumer<PropertySource<?>> operation) {
	MutablePropertySources propertySources = environment.getPropertySources();
	PropertySource<?> original = propertySources.get(propertySourceName);
	// 判断environment中是否有名称为"defaultProperties"的资源
	if (original == null) {
		// 如果没有defaultProperties资源，那么就回调Loader类中的Consumer方法
		operation.accept(null);
		return;
	}
	// 如果有defaultProperties资源，就封装成FilteredPropertySource
	propertySources.replace(propertySourceName, new FilteredPropertySource(original, filteredProperties));
	try {
		// 回调Loader类中的Consumer方法
		operation.accept(original);
	}
	finally {
		// 替换PropertySource
		propertySources.replace(propertySourceName, original);
	}
}

如果environment中没有名称为“defaultProperties”属性资源，那么就直接回调Loader中的Consumer方法 (defaultProperties) -> { … } ，参数为null。

Springboot默认是没有defaultProperties的
在这里插入图片描述

ConfigFileApplicationListener.Loader#load()

对加载配置文件时所需的属性初始化。

void load() {
	FilteredPropertySource.apply(this.environment, DEFAULT_PROPERTIES, LOAD_FILTERED_PROPERTY,
			(defaultProperties) -> {
				this.profiles = new LinkedList<>();
				this.processedProfiles = new LinkedList<>();
				this.activatedProfiles = false;
				this.loaded = new LinkedHashMap<>();
				// 初始化profile
				initializeProfiles();
				while (!this.profiles.isEmpty()) {
					Profile profile = this.profiles.poll();
					if (isDefaultProfile(profile)) {
						addProfileToEnvironment(profile.getName());
					}
					// 加载配置文件
					load(profile, this::getPositiveProfileFilter,
							addToLoaded(MutablePropertySources::addLast, false));
					this.processedProfiles.add(profile);
				}
				load(null, this::getNegativeProfileFilter, addToLoaded(MutablePropertySources::addFirst, true));
				// 将加载到的PropertySources放入到environment的最后
				addLoadedPropertySources();
				// 将所有加载到了的profiles，设置到environment中
				applyActiveProfiles(defaultProperties);
			});
}

(defaultProperties) -> { … } 是一个函数接口 Consumer，所以需要先看 FilteredPropertySource#apply方法，在apply方法内部回调这个Consumer。
initializeProfiles：初始化profile。
profiles.poll先入先出，依次加载profile，后续的配置文件中有profile，也会放入到profiles中。
addLoadedPropertySources方法，在profiles循环完毕，所有配置加载完毕，将读取到的内容添加到environment中。

ConfigFileApplicationListener.Loader#initializeProfiles

初始化profile。日常工作中profile指的是dev、uat、prod等配置，但是我们的思维不要局限于这里。

private void initializeProfiles() {
	// The default profile for these purposes is represented as null. We add it
	// first so that it is processed first and has lowest priority.
	// 1. 添加一个为null的profile
	this.profiles.add(null);
	// 获取spring.profiles.active
	Set<Profile> activatedViaProperty = getProfilesFromProperty(ACTIVE_PROFILES_PROPERTY);
	// 获取spring.profiles.include
	Set<Profile> includedViaProperty = getProfilesFromProperty(INCLUDE_PROFILES_PROPERTY);
	// 获取不在当前spring.profiles.active和spring.profiles.include范围内，并且之前获取到的spring.profiles.active（环境）
	List<Profile> otherActiveProfiles = getOtherActiveProfiles(activatedViaProperty, includedViaProperty);
	// 2. 添加不在当前spring.profiles.active和spring.profiles.include范围内的，之前获取到的spring.profiles.active
	this.profiles.addAll(otherActiveProfiles);
	// Any pre-existing active profiles set via property sources (e.g.
	// System properties) take precedence over those added in config files.
	// 3. 添加spring.profiles.include对应的profile
	this.profiles.addAll(includedViaProperty);
	// 4. 添加spring.profiles.active对应的profile
	addActiveProfiles(activatedViaProperty);
	// 5. 如果没有spring.profiles.active和spring.profiles.include，那么就使用spring.profiles.default
	if (this.profiles.size() == 1) { // only has null profile
		for (String defaultProfileName : this.environment.getDefaultProfiles()) {
			Profile defaultProfile = new Profile(defaultProfileName, true);
			this.profiles.add(defaultProfile);
		}
	}
}

profiles添加的优先顺序，决定了profile加载的顺序，先进先出

添加一个为null的profile。因为就算用户配置了spring.profiles.active=dev，不仅要加载application-dev.yml文件，application.yml文件也需要被加载。
添加不在当前spring.profiles.active和spring.profiles.include范围内的，之前获取到的spring.profiles.active。前期在SpringBoot启动的时候在SpringApplication#configureProfiles方法中就已经获取到了启动参数中的spring.profiles.active。
添加spring.profiles.include对应的profile。
添加spring.profiles.active对应的profile。
如果没有spring.profiles.active和spring.profiles.include，那么就使用spring.profiles.default对应的profile。

Loader#addLoadedPropertySources

将配置文件中加载的属性放入到environment中。

private void addLoadedPropertySources() {
	MutablePropertySources destination = this.environment.getPropertySources();
	List<MutablePropertySources> loaded = new ArrayList<>(this.loaded.values());
	Collections.reverse(loaded);
	String lastAdded = null;
	Set<String> added = new HashSet<>();
	for (MutablePropertySources sources : loaded) {
		for (PropertySource<?> source : sources) {
			if (added.add(source.getName())) {
				addLoadedPropertySource(destination, lastAdded, source);
				lastAdded = source.getName();
			}
		}
	}
}

loaded存放的是已经加载过的属性，它是一个LinkedHashMap，key为profile，value为propertySource，一个propertySource对应一个配置文件。会将profile加载的顺序颠倒，通过addLoadedPropertySource添加到environment中。在environment中，先加入的property，优先级越高。
所以，后加载的profile，优先级就越高。这也就是为什么上述Loader#initializeProfiles方法中this.profiles.add(null)这行代码的意义，就是为了将没有profile的文件的优先级降到最低。

ConfigFileApplicationListener.Loader#getSearchLocations()

private Set<String> getSearchLocations() {
	if (this.environment.containsProperty(CONFIG_LOCATION_PROPERTY)) {
		return getSearchLocations(CONFIG_LOCATION_PROPERTY);
	}
	Set<String> locations = getSearchLocations(CONFIG_ADDITIONAL_LOCATION_PROPERTY);
	locations.addAll(
			asResolvedSet(ConfigFileApplicationListener.this.searchLocations, DEFAULT_SEARCH_LOCATIONS));
	return locations;
}

获取文件父路径

spring.config.location强制指定文件路径，只能从这个路径下面寻找文件
spring.config.additional-location额外的文件查找路径
默认了四个路径：classpath:/,classpath:/config/,file:./,file:./config/，在asResolvedSet方法中将顺序颠倒了。
locations中可配置文件父路径，也可能是文件的绝对路径。

ConfigFileApplicationListener.Loader#load()

private void load(Profile profile, DocumentFilterFactory filterFactory, DocumentConsumer consumer) {
	getSearchLocations().forEach((location) -> {
		boolean isFolder = location.endsWith("/");
		Set<String> names = isFolder ? getSearchNames() : NO_SEARCH_NAMES;
		names.forEach((name) -> load(location, name, profile, filterFactory, consumer));
	});
}

先遍历所有的locations，如果location为文件，那么就直接通过location加载配置。如果为文件夹，那么就查询获取文件名称，通过文件夹+文件名称去加载文件。
getSearchNames() : 获取文件名称，可通过spring.config.name配置文件名称，没有配置则使用"application"。这也解释了SpringBoot启动的时候，为什么回去加载application.yml文件。

private Set<String> getSearchNames() {
	if (this.environment.containsProperty(CONFIG_NAME_PROPERTY)) {
		String property = this.environment.getProperty(CONFIG_NAME_PROPERTY);
		return asResolvedSet(property, null);
	}
	return asResolvedSet(ConfigFileApplicationListener.this.names, DEFAULT_NAMES);
}

ConfigFileApplicationListener.Loader#load()

private void load(String location, String name, Profile profile, DocumentFilterFactory filterFactory,
		DocumentConsumer consumer) {
	if (!StringUtils.hasText(name)) {
		for (PropertySourceLoader loader : this.propertySourceLoaders) {
			if (canLoadFileExtension(loader, location)) {
				load(loader, location, profile, filterFactory.getDocumentFilter(profile), consumer);
				return;
			}
		}
		throw new IllegalStateException("File extension of config file location '" + location
				+ "' is not known to any PropertySourceLoader. If the location is meant to reference "
				+ "a directory, it must end in '/'");
	}
	Set<String> processed = new HashSet<>();
	for (PropertySourceLoader loader : this.propertySourceLoaders) {
		for (String fileExtension : loader.getFileExtensions()) {
			if (processed.add(fileExtension)) {
				loadForFileExtension(loader, location + name, "." + fileExtension, profile, filterFactory,
						consumer);
			}
		}
	}
}

location可能为文件的全路径（spring.config.additional-location配置），为全路径则文件名称name为null。分成了两种方式加载文件，其实两种方式的逻辑是一样的。我们关注下半部分location + name, “.” + fileExtension加载方式。
在这里插入图片描述
先使用Properties加载器，在使用Yaml加载器。这就是为什么properties文件优先级高于yaml文件的原因。

ConfigFileApplicationListener.Loader#loadForFileExtension

通过文件的扩展名称加载

private void loadForFileExtension(PropertySourceLoader loader, String prefix, String fileExtension,
		Profile profile, DocumentFilterFactory filterFactory, DocumentConsumer consumer) {
	DocumentFilter defaultFilter = filterFactory.getDocumentFilter(null);
	DocumentFilter profileFilter = filterFactory.getDocumentFilter(profile);
	if (profile != null) {
		// Try profile-specific file & profile section in profile file (gh-340)
		String profileSpecificFile = prefix + "-" + profile + fileExtension;
		load(loader, profileSpecificFile, profile, defaultFilter, consumer);
		load(loader, profileSpecificFile, profile, profileFilter, consumer);
		// Try profile specific sections in files we've already processed
		for (Profile processedProfile : this.processedProfiles) {
			if (processedProfile != null) {
				String previouslyLoaded = prefix + "-" + processedProfile + fileExtension;
				load(loader, previouslyLoaded, profile, profileFilter, consumer);
			}
		}
	}
	// Also try the profile-specific section (if any) of the normal file
	load(loader, prefix + fileExtension, profile, profileFilter, consumer);
}

prefix为文件夹路径+文件名称，比如：file:./config/application
如果profile不为空，那么就使用prefix + “-” + profile + fileExtension加载，比如：file:./config/application-dev.yml。
最后，不管profile是否为空，都会通过prefix + fileExtension加载，比如：file:./config/application.yml。

ConfigFileApplicationListener.Loader#load

private void load(PropertySourceLoader loader, String location, Profile profile, DocumentFilter filter,
		DocumentConsumer consumer) {
	try {
		// 判断文件资源是否存在
		Resource resource = this.resourceLoader.getResource(location);
		if (resource == null || !resource.exists()) {
			if (this.logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
				StringBuilder description = getDescription("Skipped missing config ", location, resource,
						profile);
				this.logger.trace(description);
			}
			return;
		}
		// 校验文件扩展名称不为空
		if (!StringUtils.hasText(StringUtils.getFilenameExtension(resource.getFilename()))) {
			if (this.logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
				StringBuilder description = getDescription("Skipped empty config extension ", location,
						resource, profile);
				this.logger.trace(description);
			}
			return;
		}
		// 读取配置文件中配置，转换成Document
		String name = "applicationConfig: [" + location + "]";
		List<Document> documents = loadDocuments(loader, name, resource);
		if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(documents)) {
			if (this.logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
				StringBuilder description = getDescription("Skipped unloaded config ", location, resource,
						profile);
				this.logger.trace(description);
			}
			return;
		}
		List<Document> loaded = new ArrayList<>();
		// 添加新的active和include的profile
		for (Document document : documents) {
			if (filter.match(document)) {
				addActiveProfiles(document.getActiveProfiles());
				addIncludedProfiles(document.getIncludeProfiles());
				loaded.add(document);
			}
		}
		// 将此次加载的Document顺序颠倒
		Collections.reverse(loaded);
		if (!loaded.isEmpty()) {
			loaded.forEach((document) -> consumer.accept(profile, document));
			if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				StringBuilder description = getDescription("Loaded config file ", location, resource, profile);
				this.logger.debug(description);
			}
		}
	}
	catch (Exception ex) {
		throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to load property source from location '" + location + "'", ex);
	}
}

通过一系列的校验，比如文件资源、文件扩展名是否存在。当校验都通过了，才会去加载资源。
loadDocuments方法读取配置文件中的信息，封装成了Document返回。虽然返回的是List，实际上List中只有一个元素，因为每次只会加载一个资源文件。可能是Spring为了扩展，而返回List吧。

private List<Document> loadDocuments(PropertySourceLoader loader, String name, Resource resource)
		throws IOException {
	DocumentsCacheKey cacheKey = new DocumentsCacheKey(loader, resource);
	List<Document> documents = this.loadDocumentsCache.get(cacheKey);
	if (documents == null) {
		List<PropertySource<?>> loaded = loader.load(name, resource);
		documents = asDocuments(loaded);
		this.loadDocumentsCache.put(cacheKey, documents);
	}
	return documents;
}

加载资源文件，根据文件的扩展名，回调了对应的PropertiesPropertySourceLoader#load、YamlPropertySourceLoader#load。

resourceLoader.getResource获取文件资源支持通过URL获取。DefaultResourceLoader#getResource。

@Override
public Resource getResource(String location) {
	Assert.notNull(location, "Location must not be null");

	for (ProtocolResolver protocolResolver : getProtocolResolvers()) {
		Resource resource = protocolResolver.resolve(location, this);
		if (resource != null) {
			return resource;
		}
	}

	if (location.startsWith("/")) {
		return getResourceByPath(location);
	}
	else if (location.startsWith(CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX)) {
		return new ClassPathResource(location.substring(CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX.length()), getClassLoader());
	}
	else {
		try {
			// Try to parse the location as a URL...
			URL url = new URL(location);
			return (ResourceUtils.isFileURL(url) ? new FileUrlResource(url) : new UrlResource(url));
		}
		catch (MalformedURLException ex) {
			// No URL -> resolve as resource path.
			return getResourceByPath(location);
		}
	}
}

asDocuments，将加载到的资源封装成Document

private List<Document> asDocuments(List<PropertySource<?>> loaded) {
	if (loaded == null) {
		return Collections.emptyList();
	}
	return loaded.stream().map((propertySource) -> {
		Binder binder = new Binder(ConfigurationPropertySources.from(propertySource),
				this.placeholdersResolver);
		return new Document(propertySource, binder.bind("spring.profiles", STRING_ARRAY).orElse(null),
				getProfiles(binder, ACTIVE_PROFILES_PROPERTY), getProfiles(binder, INCLUDE_PROFILES_PROPERTY));
	}).collect(Collectors.toList());
}

通过binder将propertySource中的spring.profiles.active和spring.profiles.include解析成String数组，分别绑定到了Document对象的activeProfiles和includeProfiles属性，以便后面使用。
6. 遍历所有的Document对象，实际上只有一个Document，因为文件资源只有一个。将Document中的activeProfiles和includeProfiles重新加入到profiles中。因为最外面第一层Loader#load()中正在遍历profiles，下次循环会重新加载后续的profile。
7. loaded.forEach((document) -> consumer.accept(profile, document));

配置文件加载顺序总结

遍历profile。假如启动脚本中有spring.profiles.active、spring.profiles.include的profile为dev，则遍历null、dev。现进先出，先加载为null的profile。越先加载的profile，优先级越低。
遍历location。相关配置：spring.config.location、spring.config.additional-location，默认配置为classpath:/,classpath:/config/,file:./,file:./config/。注意：会先将location的顺序颠倒，再去加载。
遍历文件名称。相关配置spring.config.name。默认application。
判断文件名称是否为空。如果location不是文件夹(不以“/”结尾，那么就认为不是文件夹)，则使用location去加载文件。否则就拼接文件名称加载。
遍历文件扩展名。先遍历资源加载器，每一个资源加载器都支持不同的文件扩展名。PropertiesPropertySourceLoader支持properties、xml，YamlPropertySourceLoader支持yml、yaml。
最终将加载到的所有信息放入到ConfigFileApplicationListener.Loader#loaded。loaded是LinkedHashMap，key为profile，value为对应的文件名称加载是所有资源propertySource。最终会颠倒profile加载的顺序，将propertySource放入到environment中。
放入environment的先后顺序决定了取配置的优先级，越先加入到environment中的propertySource，优先级越高。

问题：为什么先加入到environment中的propertySource，优先级越高？

environment#getProperty()获取属性key所对应的值。调用链路如下

AbstractEnvironment#getProperty(java.lang.String)

public String getProperty(String key) {
	return this.propertyResolver.getProperty(key);
}

org.springframework.core.env.PropertySourcesPropertyResolver#getProperty(java.lang.String)

public String getProperty(String key) {
	return getProperty(key, String.class, true);
}

PropertySourcesPropertyResolver#getProperty(java.lang.String, java.lang.Class, boolean)

protected <T> T getProperty(String key, Class<T> targetValueType, boolean resolveNestedPlaceholders) {
	if (this.propertySources != null) {
		for (PropertySource<?> propertySource : this.propertySources) {
			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
				logger.trace("Searching for key '" + key + "' in PropertySource '" +
						propertySource.getName() + "'");
			}
			Object value = propertySource.getProperty(key);
			if (value != null) {
				if (resolveNestedPlaceholders && value instanceof String) {
					value = resolveNestedPlaceholders((String) value);
				}
				logKeyFound(key, propertySource, value);
				return convertValueIfNecessary(value, targetValueType);
			}
		}
	}
	if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
		logger.trace("Could not find key '" + key + "' in any property source");
	}
	return null;
}