IDEA创建Spring项目

 

一、所需环境配置

1. IDEA

2. jdk1.8

3. maven

4. tomcat

 

二、建立项目

 

 

三、建立相应目录

 

 

四、配置Maven和Spring MVC

1. pom配置依赖

<!--项目依赖 -->
    <dependencies>
        <!--日志包-->
        <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.21</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--j2ee相关包 servlet、jsp、jstl-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--mysql驱动包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.35</version>
        </dependency>

        

        <!--其他需要的包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
            <version>3.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

添加spring的依赖，尽量添加完全：

 

在<dependencies>之外设置版本号

<properties>
        <spring.version>4.2.6.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>

添加依赖

<!-- Spring start -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring end -->

2. 配置web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
          http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
           version="3.0">
    <!--welcome pages-->
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>

    <!--配置springmvc DispatcherServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <!--Sources标注的文件夹下需要新建一个spring文件夹-->
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
        <async-supported>true</async-supported>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

3. 配置contextConfigLocation，放在spring-mvc.xml文件中

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
                         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    <!--启用spring的一些annotation -->
    <context:annotation-config/>

    <!-- 自动扫描该包，使SpringMVC认为包下用了@controller注解的类是控制器 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.zjut.ssm.controller">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>

    <!--HandlerMapping 无需配置，springmvc可以默认启动-->

    <!--静态资源映射-->
    <!--本项目把静态资源放在了WEB-INF的statics目录下，资源映射如下-->
    <mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/WEB-INF/statics/css/"/>
    <mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/WEB-INF/statics/js/"/>
    <mvc:resources mapping="/image/**" location="/WEB-INF/statics/image/"/>

    <!--但是项目部署到linux下发现WEB-INF的静态资源会出现无法解析的情况，但是本地tomcat访问正常，因此建议还是直接把静态资源放在webapp的statics下，映射配置如下-->
    <!--<mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/statics/css/"/>-->
    <!--<mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/statics/js/"/>-->
    <!--<mvc:resources mapping="/image/**" location="/statics/images/"/>-->

    <!-- 配置注解驱动 可以将request参数与绑定到controller参数上 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!-- 对模型视图名称的解析，即在模型视图名称添加前后缀(如果最后一个还是表示文件夹,则最后的斜杠不要漏了) 使用JSP-->
    <!-- 默认的视图解析器 在上边的解析错误时使用 (默认使用html)- -->
    <bean id="defaultViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/><!--设置JSP文件的目录位置,通过controller返回的字符串，拼接成页面路径-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- springmvc文件上传需要配置的节点-->
    <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
        <property name="maxUploadSize" value="20971500"/>
        <property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
        <property name="resolveLazily" value="true"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

五、编写代码

1. controller

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/home")
public class HomeController {
    //添加一个日志器
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HomeController.class);

    //映射一个action
    @RequestMapping("/index")
    public  String index(){
        //输出日志文件
        logger.info("the first jsp pages");
        //返回一个index.jsp这个视图
        return "index";
    }
}

2. view，在views文件夹下添加index.jsp文件

 

 

六、配置Servlet容器并运行

1. 配置tomcat

2. pom配置jetty插件

        <plugins>
            <!--servlet容器 jetty插件-->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
                <artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>9.3.10.v20160621</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>

 

 

3. pom里配置tomcat插件

        <plugins>
            <!-- tomcat 插件 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <port>9620</port>
                    <path>/</path>
                    <server>tomcat-development-server</server>
                    <useTestClasspath>true</useTestClasspath>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>

!!!!注意，使用tomcat插件可能会引起这两个包产生包依赖冲突，

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
        </dependency>

第一个包： java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[]]

加上<scope>provided</scope>解决

第二个包：java.lang.NullPointerException
 at org.apache.jsp.WEB_002dINF.views.index_jsp._jspInit(index_jsp.java:31)

加上<scope>provided</scope>解决

 详见：

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10556201/java-lang-classnotfoundexception-httpservletrequest

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6646959/difference-between-maven-scope-compile-and-provided-for-jar-packaging

 

七、使用service

1. web.xml里添加contextConfigLocation

<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:spring/application-context.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>

  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>

2. 添加spring-service.xml文件

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">


    <bean id="aService" class="com.learning.service.AServiceImpl"></bean>

</beans>

3. 添加application-context.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">


    <description>fs-register-cgi</description>

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.learning"/>
    <context:annotation-config/>

    <import resource="classpath:spring/spring-service.xml"/>

</beans>

另一种方式：

在spring-mvc.xml文件中，修改配置直接扫描全部包

    <!-- 自动扫描该包，使SpringMVC认为包下用了@controller注解的类是控制器 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.zjut.ssm.controller">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>

修改为

    <!-- 自动扫描该全目录包 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.zjut.ssm.*" />

 

 

参考：

http://www.cnblogs.com/Sinte-Beuve/p/5730553.html