从头学习nginx（一）之安装nginx

在工作和平常自己写代码的过程中一直用到了nginx，但对nginx的知识点却是一知半解。所以今天开始认真学一遍nginx。如果有错误欢迎指出。

首先在ubuntu下安装nginx。我使用的是用安装包来安装的方式。

在http://nginx.org/en/download.html下载安装包

执行以下命令

apt-get install gcc
apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev
apt-get install zlib1g zlib1g-dev
sudo apt-get install openssl 
sudo apt-get install libssl-dev

进入到/usr/local下解压安装包,然后进入/usr/local/nginx-1.14.2下依次运行

./configure

make

make install

执行完后会发现在/usr/local下存在一个nginx的目录，进入/usr/local/nginx/sbin下执行./nginx命令

然后在浏览器输入ip地址。

自此nginx的安装完成。

查看nginx.conf文件

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1; #工作进程的个数，可以配置多个一般与CPU个数一致

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;#单个进程最大连接数（最大连接数=连接数*进程数）
}


http {
    include       mime.types;#文件扩展名与文件类型映射表
    default_type  application/octet-stream;#默认文件类型

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;#长连接超时时间，单位是秒

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;#监听80端口，可以改成其他端口
        server_name  localhost;# 当前服务的域名

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

nginx的主要用途

Nginx是一款自由的、开源的、高性能的HTTP服务器和反向代理服务器；同时也是一个IMAP、POP3、SMTP代理服务器；Nginx可以作为一个HTTP服务器进行网站的发布处理，另外Nginx可以作为反向代理进行负载均衡的实现。