本文详细解析了RocketMQ客户端消息发送的流程，包括业务层、消息处理层和通信层的具体操作步骤。从DefaultMQProducer.send接口入手，介绍了消息发送的重试机制、队列选择策略及核心方法sendDefaultImpl和sendKernelImpl的执行过程。
RocketMQ客户端的消息发送通常分为以下3层：
业务层：通常指直接调用RocketMQ Client发送API的业务代码。
消息处理层：指RocketMQ Client获取业务发送的消息对象后，一系列的参数检查、消息发送准备、参数包装等操作。
通信层：指RocketMQ基于Netty封装的一个RPC通信服务，RocketMQ 的各个组件之间的通信全部使用该通信层。
总体上讲，消息发送流程首先是RocketMQ客户端接收业务层消息，然后通过DefaultMQProducerImpl发送一个RPC请求给Broker，再由Broker处理请求并保存消息。
下面以DefaultMQProducer.send(Message msg)接口讲解发送流程：
消息发送流程具体分为3步：
第一步：调用DefaultMQProducerImpl.send()方法发送消息。
第二步：通过设置的发送超时时间，调用defaultMQProducerImpl.send()方法发送消息。设置的超时时间可以通过sendMsgTimeout进行变更，默认是3s。
第三步：执行defaultMQProducerImpl.sendDefaultImpl()方法。这是一个公共发送方法。
具体代码如下：
public SendResult send(
Message msg) throws MQClientException, RemotingException, MQBrokerException, InterruptedException {
// 参数检查
Validators.checkMessage(msg, this);
msg.setTopic(withNamespace(msg.getTopic()));
return this.defaultMQProducerImpl.send(msg);
}
public SendResult send(
Message msg) throws MQClientException, RemotingException, MQBrokerException, InterruptedException {
// 默认超时时间是3s
// private int sendMsgTimeout = 3000;
return send(msg, this.defaultMQProducer.getSendMsgTimeout());
}
public SendResult send(Message msg,
long timeout) throws MQClientException, RemotingException, MQBrokerException, InterruptedException {
return this.sendDefaultImpl(msg, CommunicationMode.SYNC, null, timeout);
}
private SendResult sendDefaultImpl(
Message msg,
// 通信默认，同步，异步还是单向，默认是同步
final CommunicationMode communicationMode,
// 对于异步模式，需要设置发送完成后的回调
final SendCallback sendCallback,
final long timeout
) throws MQClientException, RemotingException, MQBrokerException, InterruptedException {
// 发送前验证
this.makeSureStateOK();
Validators.checkMessage(msg, this.defaultMQProducer);
final long invokeID = random.nextLong();
long beginTimestampFirst = System.currentTimeMillis();
long beginTimestampPrev = beginTimestampFirst;
long endTimestamp = beginTimestampFirst;
TopicPublishInfo topicPublishInfo = this.tryToFindTopicPublishInfo(msg.getTopic());
if (topicPublishInfo != null && topicPublishInfo.ok()) {
boolean callTimeout = false;
MessageQueue mq = null;
Exception exception = null;
SendResult sendResult = null;
// 判断如果是同步模式发送一次，根据设置重试次数发送
int timesTotal = communicationMode == CommunicationMode.SYNC ? 1 + this.defaultMQProducer.getRetryTimesWhenSendFailed() : 1;
int times = 0;
String[] brokersSent = new String[timesTotal];
for (; times < timesTotal; times++) {
String lastBrokerName = null == mq ? null : mq.getBrokerName();
// 选择发送队列
MessageQueue mqSelected = this.selectOneMessageQueue(topicPublishInfo, lastBrokerName);
if (mqSelected != null) {
mq = mqSelected;
brokersSent[times] = mq.getBrokerName();
try {
beginTimestampPrev = System.currentTimeMillis();
if (times > 0) {
//Reset topic with namespace during resend.
msg.setTopic(this.defaultMQProducer.withNamespace(msg.getTopic()));
}
long costTime = beginTimestampPrev - beginTimestampFirst;
if (timeout < costTime) {
callTimeout = true;
break;
}
// 主要发送逻辑
sendResult = this.sendKernelImpl(msg, mq, communicationMode, sendCallback, topicPublishInfo, timeout - costTime);
endTimestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
this.updateFaultItem(mq.getBrokerName(), endTimestamp - beginTimestampPrev, false);
switch (communicationMode) {
case ASYNC:
return null;
case ONEWAY:
return null;
case SYNC:
if (sendResult.getSendStatus() != SendStatus.SEND_OK) {
if (this.defaultMQProducer.isRetryAnotherBrokerWhenNotStoreOK()) {
continue;
}
}
return sendResult;
default:
break;
}
} catch (RemotingException e) {
endTimestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
this.updateFaultItem(mq.getBrokerName(), endTimestamp - beginTimestampPrev, true);
log.warn(String.format("sendKernelImpl exception, resend at once, InvokeID: %s, RT: %sms, Broker: %s", invokeID, endTimestamp - beginTimestampPrev, mq), e);
log.warn(msg.toString());
exception = e;
continue;
} catch (MQClientException e) {
endTimestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
this.updateFaultItem(mq.getBrokerName(), endTimestamp - beginTimestampPrev, true);
log.warn(String.format("sendKernelImpl exception, resend at once, InvokeID: %s, RT: %sms, Broker: %s", invokeID, endTimestamp - beginTimestampPrev, mq), e);
log.warn(msg.toString());
exception = e;
continue;
} catch (MQBrokerException e) {
endTimestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
this.updateFaultItem(mq.getBrokerName(), endTimestamp - beginTimestampPrev, true);
log.warn(String.format("sendKernelImpl exception, resend at once, InvokeID: %s, RT: %sms, Broker: %s", invokeID, endTimestamp - beginTimestampPrev, mq), e);
log.warn(msg.toString());
exception = e;
if (this.defaultMQProducer.getRetryResponseCodes().contains(e.getResponseCode())) {
continue;
} else {
if (sendResult != null) {
return sendResult;
}
throw e;
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
endTimestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
this.updateFaultItem(mq.getBrokerName(), endTimestamp - beginTimestampPrev, false);
log.warn(String.format("sendKernelImpl exception, throw exception, InvokeID: %s, RT: %sms, Broker: %s", invokeID, endTimestamp - beginTimestampPrev, mq), e);
log.warn(msg.toString());
log.warn("sendKernelImpl exception", e);
log.warn(msg.toString());
throw e;
}
} else {
break;
}
}
if (sendResult != null) {
return sendResult;
}
String info = String.format("Send [%d] times, still failed, cost [%d]ms, Topic: %s, BrokersSent: %s",
times,
System.currentTimeMillis() - beginTimestampFirst,
msg.getTopic(),
Arrays.toString(brokersSent));
info += FAQUrl.suggestTodo(FAQUrl.SEND_MSG_FAILED);
MQClientException mqClientException = new MQClientException(info, exception);
if (callTimeout) {
throw new RemotingTooMuchRequestException("sendDefaultImpl call timeout");
}
if (exception instanceof MQBrokerException) {
mqClientException.setResponseCode(((MQBrokerException) exception).getResponseCode());
} else if (exception instanceof RemotingConnectException) {
mqClientException.setResponseCode(ClientErrorCode.CONNECT_BROKER_EXCEPTION);
} else if (exception instanceof RemotingTimeoutException) {
mqClientException.setResponseCode(ClientErrorCode.ACCESS_BROKER_TIMEOUT);
} else if (exception instanceof MQClientException) {
mqClientException.setResponseCode(ClientErrorCode.BROKER_NOT_EXIST_EXCEPTION);
}
throw mqClientException;
}
validateNameServerSetting();
throw new MQClientException("No route info of this topic: " + msg.getTopic() + FAQUrl.suggestTodo(FAQUrl.NO_TOPIC_ROUTE_INFO),
null).setResponseCode(ClientErrorCode.NOT_FOUND_TOPIC_EXCEPTION);
}
sendDefaultImpl 是发送的核心方法，执行过程分为5步：
第一步：两个检查，生产者状态、消息及消息内容。没有运行的生产者不能发送消息。消息检查主要检查消息是否为空，消息的Topic的名字是否为空或者是否符合规范；消息体大小是否符合要求，最大值为4MB，可以通过maxMessageSize设置。
第二步：执行 tryToFindTopicPublishInfo() 方法，获取Topic路由信息，如果不存在则发送异常提醒用户。如果本地缓存没有路由信息，就通过namesrv获取路由信息，更新到本地，再返回。
具体实现如下：
private TopicPublishInfo tryToFindTopicPublishInfo(final String topic) {
TopicPublishInfo topicPublishInfo = this.topicPublishInfoTable.get(topic);
if (null == topicPublishInfo || !topicPublishInfo.ok()) {
this.topicPublishInfoTable.putIfAbsent(topic, new TopicPublishInfo());
this.mQClientFactory.updateTopicRouteInfoFromNameServer(topic);
topicPublishInfo = this.topicPublishInfoTable.get(topic);
}
if (topicPublishInfo.isHaveTopicRouterInfo() || topicPublishInfo.ok()) {
return topicPublishInfo;
} else {
this.mQClientFactory.updateTopicRouteInfoFromNameServer(topic, true, this.defaultMQProducer);
topicPublishInfo = this.topicPublishInfoTable.get(topic);
return topicPublishInfo;
}
}
第三步：计算消息发送的重试次数，同步重试和异步重试的执行方式是不同的。
第四步：执行队列选择方法 selectOneMessageQueue()，根据队列对象中保存的上次发送消息的Broker的名字和Topic的路由，选择一个Queue将消息发送到Broker，可以通过sendLatencyFaultEnable来设置是否总是发送到延迟级别较低的Broker，默认是false。
第五步：执行sendKernelImpl()方法，该方法是发送消息的核心方法，主要用于准备通信层的入参，将请求传递给通信层，内部实现时基于Netty的，在封装为通信层request对象RemotingCommand前，会设置RequestCode表示当前请求是发送单个消息还是批量消息。
具体实现如下：
private SendResult sendKernelImpl(final Message msg,
final MessageQueue mq,
final CommunicationMode communicationMode,
final SendCallback sendCallback,
final TopicPublishInfo topicPublishInfo,
final long timeout) throws MQClientException, RemotingException, MQBrokerException, InterruptedException {
......
sendResult = this.mQClientFactory.getMQClientAPIImpl().sendMessage(
brokerAddr,
mq.getBrokerName(),
tmpMessage,
requestHeader,
timeout - costTimeAsync,
communicationMode,
sendCallback,
topicPublishInfo,
this.mQClientFactory,
this.defaultMQProducer.getRetryTimesWhenSendAsyncFailed(),
context,
this);
......
throw new MQClientException("The broker[" + mq.getBrokerName() + "] not exist", null);
}
public SendResult sendMessage(
final String addr,
final String brokerName,
final Message msg,
final SendMessageRequestHeader requestHeader,
final long timeoutMillis,
final CommunicationMode communicationMode,
final SendCallback sendCallback,
final TopicPublishInfo topicPublishInfo,
final MQClientInstance instance,
final int retryTimesWhenSendFailed,
final SendMessageContext context,
final DefaultMQProducerImpl producer
) throws RemotingException, MQBrokerException, InterruptedException {
long beginStartTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
RemotingCommand request = null;
String msgType = msg.getProperty(MessageConst.PROPERTY_MESSAGE_TYPE);
boolean isReply = msgType != null && msgType.equals(MixAll.REPLY_MESSAGE_FLAG);
if (isReply) {
......
} else {
if (sendSmartMsg || msg instanceof MessageBatch) {
SendMessageRequestHeaderV2 requestHeaderV2 = SendMessageRequestHeaderV2.createSendMessageRequestHeaderV2(requestHeader);
request = RemotingCommand.createRequestCommand(msg instanceof MessageBatch ? RequestCode.SEND_BATCH_MESSAGE : RequestCode.SEND_MESSAGE_V2, requestHeaderV2);
} else {
request = RemotingCommand.createRequestCommand(RequestCode.SEND_MESSAGE, requestHeader);
}
}
request.setBody(msg.getBody());
switch (communicationMode) {
case ONEWAY:
......
return null;
case ASYNC:
......
return null;
case SYNC:
long costTimeSync = System.currentTimeMillis() - beginStartTime;
if (timeoutMillis < costTimeSync) {
throw new RemotingTooMuchRequestException("sendMessage call timeout");
}
//发送同步消息方法
return this.sendMessageSync(addr, brokerName, msg, timeoutMillis - costTimeSync, request);
default:
assert false;
break;
}
return null;
}
private SendResult sendMessageSync(
final String addr,
final String brokerName,
final Message msg,
final long timeoutMillis,
final RemotingCommand request
) throws RemotingException, MQBrokerException, InterruptedException {
RemotingCommand response = this.remotingClient.invokeSync(addr, request, timeoutMillis);
assert response != null;
return this.processSendResponse(brokerName, msg, response,addr);
}
public RemotingCommand invokeSync(String addr, final RemotingCommand request, long timeoutMillis)
throws InterruptedException, RemotingConnectException, RemotingSendRequestException, RemotingTimeoutException {
long beginStartTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
final Channel channel = this.getAndCreateChannel(addr);
if (channel != null && channel.isActive()) {
try {
doBeforeRpcHooks(addr, request);
long costTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - beginStartTime;
if (timeoutMillis < costTime) {
throw new RemotingTimeoutException("invokeSync call timeout");
}
RemotingCommand response = this.invokeSyncImpl(channel, request, timeoutMillis - costTime);
doAfterRpcHooks(RemotingHelper.parseChannelRemoteAddr(channel), request, response);
return response;
} catch (RemotingSendRequestException e) {
......
} catch (RemotingTimeoutException e) {
......
throw e;
}
} else {
this.closeChannel(addr, channel);
throw new RemotingConnectException(addr);
}
}
// Netty本身是一个异步的网络通信框架
public RemotingCommand invokeSyncImpl(final Channel channel, final RemotingCommand request,
final long timeoutMillis)
throws InterruptedException, RemotingSendRequestException, RemotingTimeoutException {
final int opaque = request.getOpaque();
try {
final ResponseFuture responseFuture = new ResponseFuture(channel, opaque, timeoutMillis, null, null);
this.responseTable.put(opaque, responseFuture);
final SocketAddress addr = channel.remoteAddress();
channel.writeAndFlush(request).addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
@Override
public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture f) throws Exception {
if (f.isSuccess()) {
// 只要返回成功，就会在回调方法operationComplete() 执行前释放锁
responseFuture.setSendRequestOK(true);
return;
} else {
responseFuture.setSendRequestOK(false);
}
responseTable.remove(opaque);
responseFuture.setCause(f.cause());
// 释放锁
/*
*
public void putResponse(final RemotingCommand responseCommand) {
this.responseCommand = responseCommand;
this.countDownLatch.countDown();
}
*/
responseFuture.putResponse(null);
log.warn("send a request command to channel <" + addr + "> failed.");
}
});
// 每次发送同步请求后，程序会执行 waitRespnse()方法，直到Netty接收Broker的返回结果
/*
*
*
public RemotingCommand waitResponse(final long timeoutMillis) throws InterruptedException {
this.countDownLatch.await(timeoutMillis, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
return this.responseCommand;
}
*/
RemotingCommand responseCommand = responseFuture.waitResponse(timeoutMillis);
if (null == responseCommand) {
if (responseFuture.isSendRequestOK()) {
throw new RemotingTimeoutException(RemotingHelper.parseSocketAddressAddr(addr), timeoutMillis,
responseFuture.getCause());
} else {
throw new RemotingSendRequestException(RemotingHelper.parseSocketAddressAddr(addr), responseFuture.getCause());
}
}
return responseCommand;
} finally {
this.responseTable.remove(opaque);
}
}
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