Android软件开发之ListView 详解（十一）

最新推荐文章于 2025-08-06 16:14:21 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-08-06 16:14:21 发布

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分类专栏： android 文章标签： android listview layout object string null

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本文详细介绍了ListView的使用方法，包括简单的ListView、带标题的ListView、带图片的ListView、自定义布局BaseAdapter修改列表颜色以及自定义布局ArrayAdapter绘制列表。通过实例代码演示了如何使用ListView控件，并提供了不同场景下的使用技巧。

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Android软件开发之ListView 详解

雨松MOMO原创文章如转载，请注明：转载自雨松MOMO的博客原文地址:http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/xys289187120/article/details/6636139

ListView的使用方法

ListView是Android软件开发中非常重要组件之一，基本上是个软件基本都会使用ListView ，今天我通过一个demo来教大家怎么样使用ListView组件绘制出漂亮的列表，说道ListView就不得不说Adapter适配器，因为只有通过Adapter才可以把列表中的数据映射到ListView中。
在android的开发中最Adapter 一共可以分为
ArrayAdapter<T>,
BaseAdapter,
CursorAdapter,
HeaderViewListAdapter,
ResourceCursorAdapter,
SimpleAdapter,
SimpleCursorAdapter,
WrapperListAdapter
软件开发中最常用的有ArrayAdapter<T>, BaseAdapter, SimpleAdapter，今天我用一段代码向大家诠释如何使用ListView控件。

1.简单的ListView

在List列表中如果不存在过于复杂的东西我们可以直接去new ArrayAdapter() 来绘制列表，无须继承ArrayAdapter，重写它的方法。但是如果列表中过于复杂的话就需要使用自定义布局来实现List列表。

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public class SimpleList extends ListActivity {
private String[] mListStr = {"姓名：雨松MOMO","性别：男","年龄：25","居住地：北京","邮箱：xuanyusong@gmail.com"};
ListView mListView = null;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
mListView = getListView();
setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, mListStr));
mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position,
long id) {
Toast.makeText(SimpleList.this,"您选择了" + mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
});
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
}
}

2.带标题的ListView列表

使用 simpleAdapter 需要注意的是须要用Map<String,Object> item 来保存列表中每一项的显示的title与text , new SimpleAdapter的时候将map中的数据写入，程序就会帮我们绘制列表了。

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public class TitleList extends ListActivity {
private String[] mListTitle = { "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"};
private String[] mListStr = { "雨松MOMO", "男", "25", "北京",
"xuanyusong@gmail.com" };
ListView mListView = null;
ArrayList<Map<String,Object>> mData= new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
mListView = getListView();
int lengh = mListTitle.length;
for(int i =0; i < lengh; i++) {
Map<String,Object> item = new HashMap<String,Object>();
item.put("title", mListTitle[i]);
item.put("text", mListStr[i]);
mData.add(item);
}
SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this,mData,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_2,
new String[]{"title","text"},new int[]{android.R.id.text1,android.R.id.text2});
setListAdapter(adapter);
mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position,
long id) {
Toast.makeText(TitleList.this,"您选择了标题：" + mListTitle[position] + "内容："+mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
});
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
}
}

public class TitleList extends ListActivity {
    private String[] mListTitle = { "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"};
    private String[] mListStr = { "雨松MOMO", "男", "25", "北京",
	    "xuanyusong@gmail.com" };
    ListView mListView = null;
    ArrayList<Map<String,Object>> mData= new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();;

@Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
	mListView = getListView();
      
	int lengh = mListTitle.length;
	for(int i =0; i < lengh; i++) {
	    Map<String,Object> item = new HashMap<String,Object>();
	    item.put("title", mListTitle[i]);
	    item.put("text", mListStr[i]);
	    mData.add(item); 
	}
	SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this,mData,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_2,
		new String[]{"title","text"},new int[]{android.R.id.text1,android.R.id.text2});
        setListAdapter(adapter);
	mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
	    @Override
	    public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position,
		    long id) {
		Toast.makeText(TitleList.this,"您选择了标题：" + mListTitle[position] + "内容："+mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
	    }
	});
	super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    }
}

3.带图片的ListView列表

使用 simpleAdapter 来操作但是构造simpleAdapter的时候须要使用我们自己写的布局来完成，因为系统的布局已经不能满足需求了，同样Map<String,Object> item 来保存列表中每一项须要的显示内容如图片标题内容等。

添加我们自己的列表布局图片标题内容

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="?android:attr/listPreferredItemHeight">
<ImageView android:id="@+id/image"
android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:adjustViewBounds="true"
android:padding="2dip" />
<TextView android:id="@+id/title"
android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/image"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:layout_above="@+id/text"
android:layout_alignWithParentIfMissing="true" android:gravity="center_vertical"
android:textSize="15dip" />
<TextView android:id="@+id/text"
android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/image"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:singleLine="true"
android:ellipsize="marquee"
android:textSize="20dip" />
</RelativeLayout>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

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public class IconList extends ListActivity {
private String[] mListTitle = { "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"};
private String[] mListStr = { "雨松MOMO", "男", "25", "北京",
"xuanyusong@gmail.com" };
ListView mListView = null;
ArrayList<Map<String,Object>> mData= new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
mListView = getListView();
int lengh = mListTitle.length;
for(int i =0; i < lengh; i++) {
Map<String,Object> item = new HashMap<String,Object>();
item.put("image", R.drawable.jay);
item.put("title", mListTitle[i]);
item.put("text", mListStr[i]);
mData.add(item);
}
SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this,mData,R.layout.iconlist,
new String[]{"image","title","text"},new int[]{R.id.image,R.id.title,R.id.text});
setListAdapter(adapter);
mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position,
long id) {
Toast.makeText(IconList.this,"您选择了标题：" + mListTitle[position] + "内容："+mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
});
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
}
}

public class IconList extends ListActivity {
    private String[] mListTitle = { "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"};
    private String[] mListStr = { "雨松MOMO", "男", "25", "北京",
	    "xuanyusong@gmail.com" };
    ListView mListView = null;
    ArrayList<Map<String,Object>> mData= new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();;

@Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
	mListView = getListView();
      
	int lengh = mListTitle.length;
	for(int i =0; i < lengh; i++) {
	    Map<String,Object> item = new HashMap<String,Object>();
	    item.put("image", R.drawable.jay);
	    item.put("title", mListTitle[i]);
	    item.put("text", mListStr[i]);
	    mData.add(item); 
	}
	SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this,mData,R.layout.iconlist,
		new String[]{"image","title","text"},new int[]{R.id.image,R.id.title,R.id.text});
        setListAdapter(adapter);
	mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
	    @Override
	    public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position,
		    long id) {
		Toast.makeText(IconList.this,"您选择了标题：" + mListTitle[position] + "内容："+mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
	    }
	});
	super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    }
}

4.自定义布局BaseAdapter修改列表颜色

因为通过直接构造系统的布局来绘制列表方法肯定是有限的，所以我们需要重写绘制方法，写一个类去继承BaseAdapter 并实现这个类中的方法，listView在一开始绘制的时候首先会调用getCout()方法得到绘制次数，然后会实例化自己定义的BaseAdapter通过getView()方法一层一层绘制ListView,所以我们可以在这里面根据position(当前绘制的ID)来任意的修改绘制的内容，做出好看漂亮的ListView,下面这个例子我通过重写getView修改每个列表的颜色并且实现用户选中后成高亮状态。

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<ImageView android:id="@+id/color_image"
android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:adjustViewBounds="true"
android:padding="2dip" />
<TextView android:id="@+id/color_title"
android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/color_image"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:singleLine="true"
android:ellipsize="marquee"
android:textSize="15dip" />
<TextView android:id="@+id/color_text"
android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/color_image"
android:layout_below="@+id/color_title"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:singleLine="true"
android:ellipsize="marquee"
android:textSize="20dip" />
</RelativeLayout>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

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public class ColorList extends ListActivity {
private String[] mListTitle = { "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"};
private String[] mListStr = { "雨松MOMO", "男", "25", "北京",
"xuanyusong@gmail.com" };
ListView mListView = null;
MyListAdapter myAdapter = null;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
mListView = getListView();
myAdapter = new MyListAdapter(this);
setListAdapter(myAdapter);
mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position,
long id) {
View v=adapterView.getChildAt(position);
v.setBackgroundColor(Color.RED);
Toast.makeText(ColorList.this,"您选择了" + mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
});
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
}
class MyListAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
private int[] colors = new int[] { 0xff626569, 0xff4f5257 };
public MyListAdapter(Context context) {
mContext = context;
}
public int getCount() {
return mListStr.length;
}
@Override
public boolean areAllItemsEnabled() {
return false;
}
public Object getItem(int position) {
return position;
}
public long getItemId(int position) {
return position;
}
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
ImageView iamge = null;
TextView title = null;
TextView text = null;
if (convertView == null) {
convertView = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(R.layout.colorlist, null);
iamge = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.color_image);
title =(TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.color_title);
text= (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.color_text);
}
int colorPos = position % colors.length;
convertView.setBackgroundColor(colors[colorPos]);
title.setText(mListTitle[position]);
text.setText(mListStr[position]);
iamge.setImageResource(R.drawable.jay);
return convertView;
}
private Context mContext;
}
}

public class ColorList extends ListActivity {
    private String[] mListTitle = { "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"};
    private String[] mListStr = { "雨松MOMO", "男", "25", "北京",
	    "xuanyusong@gmail.com" };
    ListView mListView = null;
    MyListAdapter myAdapter = null;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
	mListView = getListView();
	myAdapter = new MyListAdapter(this);
	setListAdapter(myAdapter);
	mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
	    @Override
	    public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position,
		    long id) {
		View v=adapterView.getChildAt(position);
		v.setBackgroundColor(Color.RED);
		Toast.makeText(ColorList.this,"您选择了" + mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
	    }
	});
	
	super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    }

class MyListAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
	private int[] colors = new int[] { 0xff626569, 0xff4f5257 };
	public MyListAdapter(Context context) {
	    mContext = context;
	}

public int getCount() {
	    return mListStr.length;
	}

@Override
	public boolean areAllItemsEnabled() {
	    return false;
	}

public Object getItem(int position) {
	    return position;
	}

public long getItemId(int position) {
	    return position;
	}

public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
	    ImageView iamge = null;
	    TextView title = null;
	    TextView text = null;
	    if (convertView == null) {
		convertView = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(R.layout.colorlist, null);
		iamge = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.color_image);
		title =(TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.color_title);
		text= (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.color_text);
	    } 
	    int colorPos = position % colors.length;
	    convertView.setBackgroundColor(colors[colorPos]);
	    title.setText(mListTitle[position]);
	    text.setText(mListStr[position]);
	     iamge.setImageResource(R.drawable.jay);
	    return convertView;
	}

private Context mContext;
    }
}

5.自定义布局ArrayAdapter
ArrayAdapter是BaseAdapter的子类，ArrayAdapter不仅具有BaseAdapter的所有方法还自定义了一些新的方法来处理列表项，所以单纯的从功能能上来讲ArrayAdapter远远强与BaseAdapter，如果是绘制一些数量比较少的列表建议使用BaseAdapter 如果绘制一些比较复杂的列表项并且列表项很多的建议使用ArrayAdapter。