将Struts2交给Spring管理的时候需要加入一个Spring-struts.jar包
Struts2的运行依赖于容器, 所以tomcat启动时会加载在web.xml中的配置文件.
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-mapping>/*</url-mapping>
</filter-mapping>
这样, tomcat启动的时候,会管理struts2, 并加载classpath下的struts.xml文件.
struts.xml中的常量配置.
struts.action.extension 扩展名,默认为.action
struts.devMode 开发模式
struts.custom.i18n.resources=resource resource_zh_CN.properties resource_en_US.properties
struts.i18n.encoding 编码格式
struts.ui.theme 自定义主题
struts.xml中包的配置.
<package name="test" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
</package>
package包含在struts标签中, 一个struts标签中可以有多个package. 每个包都有一个唯一的name, 和一个namespace. extends表示继承于哪个包, 并且允许多继承.
在package中配置interceptor, globleResults, globle-exception-mappings
1: 在package中配置interceptor
<interceptors>
<interceptor name="loginInterceptor" class="org.test.LoginInterceptor" ></interceptor>
<interceptor-stack name="default">
<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack" ></interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="loginInterceptor"></interceptor-ref>
</interceptor-stack>
</interceptors>
<default-interceptor-ref name="default"></default-interceptor-ref>
说明一下, 首先在package中的interceptors标签内声明一个interceptor , name属性必须是唯一的.
然后在<interceptor-stack>中配置<interceptor-ref> 在配置前必须声明defaultstack.
当配置好interceptor-stack后, 需要配置缺省的interceptor
<default-interceptor-ref name="default" ></default-interceptor-ref>
2: 配置globle-results
<globle-results>
<result name="list" type="redirect"></result>
<result name="save" type="redirect-action"></result>
</globle_results>
默认的retult type是dispatcher.
Struts2自定义返回类型.
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Result;
import com.tiros.caredog.cd.action.ImageAction;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
/**
* image Result
* @author songzj
*
*/
public class ImageResult implements Result {
public void execute(ActionInvocation ai) throws Exception {
ImageAction action = (ImageAction) ai.getAction();
HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();
response.setHeader("Cash", "no cash");
response.setContentType(action.getContentType());
response.setContentLength(action.getContentLength());
response.getOutputStream().write(action.getImageBytes());
//response.getOutputStream().flush();
response.getOutputStream().close();
}
}
<result-types> <result-type name="ValidateImage" class="com.tiros.caredog.cd.util.ImageResult" /> </result-types>
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.util.Random;
import com.tiros.caredog.cd.util.Constent;
public class ImageAction extends CommonAction {
/**
*
* 用于随机生成验证码的数据源
*
*/
private static final char[] source = new char[] {
'1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '0'
};
/**
*
* 用于随机打印验证码的字符颜色
*
*/
private static final Color[] colors = new Color[] {
Color.RED, Color.BLUE, Color.BLACK
};
/**
*
* 用于打印验证码的字体
*
*/
private static final Font font = new Font("宋体", Font.ITALIC, 15);
/**
*
* 用于生成随机数的随机数生成器
*
*/
private static final Random rdm = new Random();
private String text = "";
private byte[] bytes = null;
private String contentType = "image/png";
public byte[] getImageBytes() {
return this.bytes;
}
public String getContentType() {
return this.contentType;
}
public void setContentType(String value) {
this.contentType = value;
}
public int getContentLength() {
return bytes.length;
}
/**
*
* 生成长度为4的随机字符串
*
*/
private void generateText() {
char[] source = new char[4];
for (int i = 0; i < source.length; i++) {
source[i] = ImageAction.source[rdm
.nextInt(ImageAction.source.length)];
}
this.text = new String(source);
// 设置Session
super.getSession().setAttribute(Constent.VALIDATE_CODE_KEY, this.text);
}
/**
*
* 在内存中生成打印了随机字符串的图片
*
* @return 在内存中创建的打印了字符串的图片
*
*/
private BufferedImage createImage() {
int width = 40;
int height = 15;
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height,
BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
g.setFont(font);
for (int i = 0; i < this.text.length(); i++) {
g.setColor(colors[rdm.nextInt(colors.length)]);
g.drawString(this.text.substring(i, i + 1), 2 + i * 8, 12);
}
g.dispose();
return image;
}
/**
*
* 根据图片创建字节数组
*
* @param image
* 用于创建字节数组的图片
*
*/
private void generatorImageBytes(BufferedImage image) {
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
try {
javax.imageio.ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", bos);
this.bytes = bos.toByteArray();
} catch (Exception ex) {
} finally {
try {
bos.close();
} catch (Exception ex1) {
}
}
}
/**
*
* 被struts2过滤器调用的方法
*
* @return 永远返回字符串"image"
*
*/
public String doDefault() {
this.generateText();
BufferedImage image = this.createImage();
this.generatorImageBytes(image);
return "image";
}
}
<action name="va_ValidateImage" class="ImageAction" method="doDefault"> <result name="image" type="ValidateImage" /> </action>
<!-- 验证码管理 --> <bean id="ImageAction" class="com.cd.action.ImageAction" scope="prototype"> </bean>
在上面的代码中我们可以发现, struts.xml中定义的action name ="va_validateImage" class="ImageAction"
这个ImageAction从哪里来呢? 从applicationContext.xml中来. 因为Spring管理了所有的Bean, 所以ImageAction会交由Spring管理. 当用到ImageAction的时候会直接从Spring的工厂bean中得到.