[英语学习]表示将来时的几种常用法

The source : http://chat.pep.com.cn/lb5000/topic.cgi?forum=10&topic=7707&show=25
Author : mursisaris 


表示将来时的几种常用法(由于will do句型是最基本的，所以在此不予总结)
1.be going to do，表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。例如：
    It is going to rain.
    We are going to have a meeting today．
注意：在有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的句子中，不能用be going to表示将来，而应该用shall或will表示。例如：
    When he comes, I will give him your message.
2.be to do，表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。例如：
    The boy is to go to school tomorrow.
    Are we to go on with this work?
    Audrey and Jimmy are to be married in June.
  因此，我们不说：I think I am to faint.
  但是我们可以说：I am going to faint from the heat.
                  If a man is to succeed, he must work very hard.
  注意：(1)was/were to do表示过去曾经计划要做的事，或过去应当做的事，从现在看，已经实现了。例如：I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time.
      (2)was/were to have done表示“本打算”、“本计划”、“本应当”做的事，可是却没有做或没有发生。例如:We were to have gone away last week but I was ill.
3.be about to do表示即将、马上发生的动作，后面一般不可以跟时间状语。意为be ready to do sth.例如：
    We about to leave.
    Sit down everyone. The film is about to start.
  not be about to do sth.是非正式的用法，表示“不打算做某事”。例如：
    I've never smoked in my life and I'm not about to start now.
4.特殊用法
 <1>进行时表将来(适用于go,come,start,move,stay,leave,arrive等词)，例如：
    I'm leaving for Beijing.
 <2>一般现在时表将来(适用于go,come,start,get,stay,leave,arrive等词)，例如：
    The meeting starts at five o'clock.
    He gets off at the next stop.[color=blue]我个人认为(有待老师的证实)[color]这种情况有表示计划好要做某事的意味。
 <3>在短语make sure, see (to) it, be sure后接从句，通常用一般现在时表将来。例如：
    Make sure all the windows are closed before you leave.
    Be sure you finish it today.
    See to it that the door is fastened before you go to bed.