ABAP--如何快速从BSEG读取数据

本文介绍了一种通过SAP系统查询财务文件的有效方法。利用不同表格和索引字段组合,可以针对特定条件高效检索财务文件,如按日期、成本中心、总账科目等进行查询。

由于bseg表很大,而且表的索引字段是:

BUKRS - Company Code
BELNR - Accounting Document Number
GJAHR - Fiscal Year
BUZEI - Line Item Number

 访问此表最佳的是包含所有的索引字段,但在实际应用是很少能达到的。但要有好的性能根据经验必须要有公司和凭证号作为查询条件。为了达到这一点,我可以根据条件不同而使用不同sap的其他表,先查出公司和凭证号,再去读取BSEG表

代码如下:

注意:该程序包含了各种条件的查询,程序员可以根据自己应用需求选择对应一个的子程序来读取公司和凭证号。

REPORT ztest_select.

* Tables ***************************************************************
TABLES: bkpf, bseg,
        covp, csks,
        glpca,
        bsis, bsas, bsid, bsad, bsik, bsak,
        ekbe, aufk,
        vbfa, vbak,
        vapma,
        fmifiit,
        payr.

* Global Data **********************************************************

TYPES: BEGIN OF doc,
        bukrs TYPE bseg-bukrs,
        belnr TYPE bseg-belnr,
        gjahr TYPE bseg-gjahr,
        buzei TYPE bseg-buzei,
      END   OF doc.

DATA: doc_int  TYPE TABLE OF doc,
      doc_wa   TYPE          doc,
      w_repid  TYPE sy-repid VALUE sy-repid,
      no_lines TYPE sy-tabix.

* Selection Screen *****************************************************
PARAMETERS: p_gjahr TYPE covp-refgj OBLIGATORY.
SELECTION-SCREEN SKIP.
PARAMETERS: p_kokrs TYPE csks-kokrs OBLIGATORY,
            p_kostl TYPE csks-kostl,
            p_prctr TYPE glpca-rprctr,
            p_aufnr TYPE aufk-aufnr.
SELECTION-SCREEN SKIP.
PARAMETERS: p_bukrs TYPE bsis-bukrs OBLIGATORY,
            p_budat TYPE bkpf-budat,
            p_ebeln TYPE ekko-ebeln,
            p_hkont TYPE bsis-hkont,
            p_lifnr TYPE bsik-lifnr,
            p_kunnr TYPE bsid-kunnr.
SELECTION-SCREEN SKIP.
PARAMETERS: p_vbeln TYPE vbak-vbeln.
SELECTION-SCREEN SKIP.
PARAMETERS: p_matnr TYPE vapma-matnr.
SELECTION-SCREEN SKIP.
PARAMETERS: p_fikrs TYPE fmifiit-fikrs,
            p_fistl TYPE fmifiit-fistl,
            p_fonds TYPE fmifiit-fonds.
SELECTION-SCREEN ULINE.
PARAMETERS: p_hbkid TYPE payr-hbkid,
            p_hktid TYPE payr-hktid,
            p_rzawe TYPE payr-rzawe,
            p_chect TYPE payr-chect.

START-OF-SELECTION.

* Retrieve document numbers based on different requirements

* Posting Date (用日期做查询条件)
  PERFORM posting_date_actuals
    USING p_bukrs
          p_budat.

* Cost Center
  PERFORM cost_center_actuals
    USING p_kokrs
          p_kostl
          p_gjahr.

* GL Account
  PERFORM gl_actuals
    USING p_bukrs
          p_hkont
          p_gjahr.

* Vendor
  PERFORM vendor_actuals
    USING p_bukrs
          p_lifnr
          p_gjahr.

* Customer
  PERFORM customer_actuals
    USING p_bukrs
          p_kunnr
          p_gjahr.

* Purchase Order
  PERFORM po_actuals
    USING p_ebeln.

* Sales Order
  PERFORM so_actuals
    USING p_vbeln.

* Order
  PERFORM order_actuals
    USING p_aufnr
          p_gjahr.

* Fund/Fund Center
  PERFORM fm_actuals
    USING p_fikrs
          p_gjahr
          p_fistl
          p_fonds.

* Profit Center
  PERFORM profit_center_actuals
    USING p_kokrs
          p_prctr
          p_gjahr.

* Material
  PERFORM material_actuals
    USING p_matnr
          p_gjahr.

* Cheque number
  PERFORM cheque_actuals
    USING p_hbkid
          p_hktid
          p_chect.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  posting_date_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       Use one of the secondary indices of BKPF to retrieve the
*       document number
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM posting_date_actuals
  USING    bukrs
           budat.

  DATA: disp_date(10).

  CHECK NOT budat IS INITIAL.

* Uses index BKPF~2 (4.7)
  SELECT bukrs belnr gjahr
    INTO TABLE doc_int
    UP TO 100 ROWS
    FROM bkpf
    WHERE bukrs = bukrs  AND
* Normally, you would probably only want normal documents, that is
* documents with BSTAT = ' '. So you would change the next line.
* On the other hand, you might want documents for all values of BSTAT,
* but not want to hardcode the values. In that case, you can retrieve
* values from the domain of BSTAT and put them in a range table and
* use the range table in the next line.
          bstat IN (' ', 'A', 'B', 'D', 'M', 'S', 'V', 'W', 'Z') AND
          budat = budat.

  CHECK sy-subrc = 0.
  WRITE budat TO disp_date.

  PERFORM display_documents
    TABLES doc_int
    USING 'Posting date'
          disp_date
          space
          space.

ENDFORM.                    " posting_date_actuals

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  cost_center_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       Retrieve documents for a cost center
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM cost_center_actuals
  USING    kokrs
           kostl
           gjahr.

  DATA: covp_int TYPE TABLE OF covp,
        disp_cc(10).

  CHECK NOT kostl IS INITIAL.

* Uses primary index (4.7)
  SELECT SINGLE objnr
    FROM csks
    INTO csks-objnr
    WHERE kokrs = kokrs
      AND kostl = kostl.

  CHECK sy-subrc = 0.

* COVP is a view. This uses index COEP~1 (4.7)
  SELECT refbk refbn refgj refbz
    FROM covp
    INTO TABLE doc_int
    UP TO 100 ROWS
    WHERE lednr = '00'
      AND objnr = csks-objnr
      AND gjahr = gjahr
      AND wrttp IN ('04', '11')
      AND versn = '000'.

  CHECK sy-subrc = 0.

  CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
    EXPORTING
      input  = kostl
    IMPORTING
      output = disp_cc.

  PERFORM display_documents
    TABLES doc_int
    USING 'Cost Center'
          disp_cc
          space
          space.

ENDFORM.                    " cost_center_actuals

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  gl_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       BKPF and BSEG have a number of secondary index tables. These are
*       tables that are indexed by GL customer or vendor number and have
*       data that is in both BKPF and BSEG. These secondary index tables
*       that have an 'i' in the third character of the name contain open
*       items. Those with an 'a' contain cleared items. In practice, you
*       may only one or the other. In this program I am retrieving both.
*
*       Here we get documents related to a GL.
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM gl_actuals
  USING    bukrs
           hkont
           gjahr.

  DATA: disp_gl(10).

  CHECK NOT hkont IS INITIAL.

* Uses primary index (4.7)
  SELECT bukrs belnr gjahr buzei
    FROM bsis
    INTO TABLE doc_int
    UP TO 100 ROWS
    WHERE bukrs = bukrs
      AND hkont = hkont
      AND gjahr = gjahr.

* Uses primary index (4.7)
  SELECT bukrs belnr gjahr buzei
    FROM bsas
    APPENDING TABLE doc_int
    UP TO 100 ROWS
    WHERE bukrs = bukrs
      AND hkont = hkont
      AND gjahr = gjahr.

  DESCRIBE TABLE doc_int LINES no_lines.
  CHECK no_lines > 0.

  CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
    EXPORTING
      input  = hkont
    IMPORTING
      output = disp_gl.

  PERFORM display_documents
    TABLES doc_int
    USING 'GL Account'
          disp_gl
          space
          space.

ENDFORM.                    " gl_actuals

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  vendor_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       Here we get documents related to a vendor.
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM vendor_actuals
  USING    bukrs
           lifnr
           gjahr.

  DATA: disp_vendor(10).

  CHECK NOT lifnr IS INITIAL.

* Uses primary index (4.7)
  SELECT bukrs belnr gjahr buzei
    FROM bsik
    INTO TABLE doc_int
    UP TO 100 ROWS
    WHERE bukrs = bukrs
      AND lifnr = lifnr
      AND gjahr = gjahr.

* Uses primary index (4.7)
  SELECT bukrs belnr gjahr buzei
    FROM bsak
    APPENDING TABLE doc_int
    UP TO 100 ROWS
    WHERE bukrs = bukrs
      AND lifnr = lifnr
      AND gjahr = gjahr.

  DESCRIBE TABLE doc_int LINES no_lines.
  CHECK no_lines > 0.

  CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
    EXPORTING
      input  = lifnr
    IMPORTING
      output = disp_vendor.

  PERFORM display_documents
    TABLES doc_int
    USING 'Vendor'
          disp_vendor
          space
          space.


ENDFORM.                    " vendor_actuals

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  customer_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       Here we get documents related to a customer.
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM customer_actuals
  USING  bukrs
         kunnr
         gjahr.

  DATA: disp_customer(10).

  CHECK NOT kunnr IS INITIAL.

* Uses primary index (4.7)
  SELECT bukrs belnr gjahr buzei
    FROM bsid
    INTO TABLE doc_int
    UP TO 100 ROWS
    WHERE bukrs = bukrs
      AND kunnr = kunnr
      AND gjahr = gjahr.

* Uses primary index (4.7)
  SELECT bukrs belnr gjahr buzei
    FROM bsad
    APPENDING TABLE doc_int
    UP TO 100 ROWS
    WHERE bukrs = bukrs
      AND kunnr = kunnr
      AND gjahr = gjahr.

  DESCRIBE TABLE doc_int LINES no_lines.
  CHECK no_lines > 0.

  CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
    EXPORTING
      input  = kunnr
    IMPORTING
      output = disp_customer.

  PERFORM display_documents
    TABLES doc_int
    USING 'Customer'
          disp_customer
          space
          space.

ENDFORM.                    " customer_actuals

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  po_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       Table BKPF has a useful index on AWTYP and AWKEY. Here, we use
*       this to retrieve documents for purchase orders.
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM po_actuals
  USING    ebeln.

  TYPES: BEGIN OF ekbe_type,
           belnr TYPE ekbe-belnr,
           gjahr TYPE ekbe-gjahr,
           vgabe TYPE ekbe-vgabe,
         END   OF ekbe_type.

  DATA: ekbe_int TYPE TABLE OF ekbe_type,
        ekbe_wa  TYPE          ekbe_type.

  DATA: v_reference    TYPE bkpf-awtyp,           "Reference procedure
        v_objectkey    TYPE bkpf-awkey.           "Object key

  DATA:disp_po(10).

  CHECK NOT ebeln IS INITIAL.

* Uses primary index (4.7)
  SELECT belnr gjahr
    FROM ekbe
    INTO TABLE ekbe_int
    UP TO 100 ROWS
    WHERE ebeln = ebeln
    AND vgabe IN ('1', '2').                      "1 - GR, 2 - IR

  CHECK sy-subrc = 0.

  SORT ekbe_int.
  DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM ekbe_int.

  LOOP AT ekbe_int INTO ekbe_wa.
    v_objectkey+00(10) = ekbe_wa-belnr.
    v_objectkey+10(10) = ekbe_wa-gjahr.           "BELNR+YEAR

    IF ekbe_wa-vgabe = '1'.
      v_reference = 'MKPF'.
    ELSE.
      v_reference = 'RMRP'.
    ENDIF.

* Uses index BKPF~4 (4.7)
    SELECT SINGLE bukrs belnr gjahr               "Accounting Doc Header
      FROM bkpf
      INTO doc_wa
      WHERE awtyp =  v_reference
        AND awkey =  v_objectkey.
    IF sy-subrc = 0.
      APPEND doc_wa TO doc_int.
    ENDIF.
  ENDLOOP.

  CHECK no_lines > 0.

  CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
    EXPORTING
      input  = ebeln
    IMPORTING
      output = disp_po.

  PERFORM display_documents
    TABLES doc_int
    USING 'Purchase Order'
          disp_po
          space
          space.

ENDFORM.                    " po_actuals

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  so_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       Use AWTYP and AWKEY to retrieve documents related to sales
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM so_actuals  USING    vbeln.

  TYPES: BEGIN OF vbfa_type,
           vbeln TYPE vbfa-vbeln,
         END   OF vbfa_type.

  DATA: vbfa_int TYPE TABLE OF vbfa_type,
        vbfa_wa  TYPE          vbfa_type.

  DATA: v_reference    TYPE bkpf-awtyp,           "Reference procedure
        v_objectkey    TYPE bkpf-awkey.           "Object key

  DATA:disp_so(10).

  CHECK NOT vbeln IS INITIAL.

* Uses primary index (4.7)
  SELECT vbeln
    FROM vbfa
    INTO TABLE vbfa_int
    UP TO 100 ROWS
    WHERE vbelv   = vbeln
      AND vbtyp_n = 'P'.                          "Debit memo

  CHECK sy-subrc = 0.

  SORT vbfa_int.
  DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM vbfa_int.

  LOOP AT vbfa_int INTO vbfa_wa.
    v_objectkey+00(10) = vbfa_wa-vbeln.           "BELNR
    v_reference        = 'VBRK'.

* Uses index BKPF~4 (4.7)
    SELECT SINGLE bukrs belnr gjahr               "Accounting Doc Header
      FROM bkpf
      INTO doc_wa
      WHERE awtyp =  v_reference
        AND awkey =  v_objectkey.
    IF sy-subrc = 0.
      APPEND doc_wa TO doc_int.
    ENDIF.
  ENDLOOP.

  DESCRIBE TABLE doc_int LINES no_lines.
  CHECK no_lines > 0.

  CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
    EXPORTING
      input  = vbeln
    IMPORTING
      output = disp_so.

  PERFORM display_documents
    TABLES doc_int
    USING 'Sales Document'
          disp_so
          space
          space.

ENDFORM.                    " so_actuals

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  order_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       Retrieve documents related to an order
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM order_actuals
  USING    aufnr
           gjahr.

  DATA: disp_order(10).

  CHECK NOT aufnr IS INITIAL.

* Uses primary index (4.7)
  SELECT SINGLE objnr
    FROM aufk
    INTO aufk-objnr
    WHERE aufnr = aufnr.

  CHECK sy-subrc = 0.

* COVP is a view. This uses index COEP~1 (4.7)
  SELECT refbk refbn refgj refbz
    FROM covp
    INTO TABLE doc_int
    UP TO 100 ROWS
    WHERE lednr = '00'
      AND objnr = aufk-objnr
      AND gjahr = gjahr
      AND wrttp IN ('04', '11')
      AND versn = '000'.

  CHECK sy-subrc = 0.

  CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
    EXPORTING
      input  = aufnr
    IMPORTING
      output = disp_order.

  PERFORM display_documents
    TABLES doc_int
    USING 'Order'
          disp_order
          space
          space.

ENDFORM.                    " order_actuals

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  FM_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       Not many institutions use Funds Management, but if you do, this
*       is how to relate funds management documents to FI documents.
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM fm_actuals
  USING    fikrs
           gjahr
           fistl
           fonds.

  DATA: disp_cfc(10),
        disp_fund(10).

  CHECK NOT fikrs IS INITIAL AND
        NOT fistl IS INITIAL.

* Uses index FMIFIIT~3 (4.7)
  SELECT bukrs knbelnr kngjahr knbuzei
    FROM  fmifiit
    INTO TABLE doc_int
    UP TO 100 ROWS
         WHERE  fistl  = fistl
         AND    fonds  = fonds.

  CHECK sy-subrc = 0.

  CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
    EXPORTING
      input  = fistl
    IMPORTING
      output = disp_cfc.

  IF NOT fonds IS INITIAL.
    CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
      EXPORTING
        input  = fonds
      IMPORTING
        output = disp_fund.
  ENDIF.

  PERFORM display_documents
    TABLES doc_int
    USING 'Fund Center'
          disp_cfc
          'Fund'
          disp_fund.

ENDFORM.                    " FM_actuals

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  profit_center_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       Retrieve documents related to a profit center
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM profit_center_actuals
  USING    kokrs
           prctr
           gjahr.

  DATA: disp_pc(10).

  CHECK NOT prctr IS INITIAL.

* This uses index GLPCA~1 (4.7)
  SELECT rbukrs refdocnr refryear refdocln
    FROM glpca
    INTO TABLE doc_int
    UP TO 100 ROWS
    WHERE kokrs  = kokrs
      AND ryear  = gjahr
      AND rprctr = prctr
      AND awtyp  = 'BKPF'.

  CHECK sy-subrc = 0.

  CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
    EXPORTING
      input  = prctr
    IMPORTING
      output = disp_pc.

  PERFORM display_documents
    TABLES doc_int
    USING 'Profit Center'
          disp_pc
          space
          space.

ENDFORM.                    " profit_center_actuals

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  material_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       Get FI documents for a material.
*       For purchase orders get:
*         goods receipts
*         invoice receipts
*       For sales orders get:
*         debit memos
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM material_actuals
  USING    matnr
           gjahr.

  TYPES: BEGIN OF ekpo_type,
           ebeln TYPE ekpo-ebeln,
           ebelp TYPE ekpo-ebelp,
         END   OF ekpo_type.

  TYPES: BEGIN OF ekbe_type,
           belnr TYPE ekbe-belnr,
           gjahr TYPE ekbe-gjahr,
           vgabe TYPE ekbe-vgabe,
         END   OF ekbe_type.

  TYPES: BEGIN OF vapma_type,
           vbeln TYPE vapma-vbeln,
           posnr TYPE vapma-posnr,
         END   OF vapma_type.

  TYPES: BEGIN OF vbfa_type,
           vbeln TYPE vbfa-vbeln,
           posnv TYPE vbfa-posnv,
         END   OF vbfa_type.

  DATA: ekpo_int TYPE TABLE OF ekpo_type,
        ekpo_wa  TYPE          ekpo_type.

  DATA: ekbe_int TYPE TABLE OF ekbe_type,
        ekbe_wa  TYPE          ekbe_type.

  DATA: vapma_int TYPE TABLE OF vapma_type,
        vapma_wa  TYPE          vapma_type.

  DATA: v_reference    TYPE bkpf-awtyp,           "Reference procedure
        v_objectkey    TYPE bkpf-awkey.           "Object key

  DATA: vbfa_int TYPE TABLE OF vbfa_type,
        vbfa_wa  TYPE          vbfa_type.

  DATA: disp_mat(10).

  CHECK NOT matnr IS INITIAL.

* First, find purchase orders for the material
* This uses index EKPO~1 (4.7)
  SELECT ebeln ebelp
    FROM ekpo
    INTO TABLE ekpo_int
    UP TO 100 ROWS
    WHERE matnr = matnr.

* Now get the FI document numbers as above
* Uses primary index (4.7)
  SELECT belnr gjahr vgabe
    FROM ekbe
    INTO TABLE ekbe_int
    UP TO 100 ROWS
    FOR ALL ENTRIES IN ekpo_int
    WHERE ebeln = ekpo_int-ebeln
      AND ebelp = ekpo_int-ebelp
      AND vgabe IN ('1', '2').                      "1 - GR, 2 - IR

  CHECK sy-subrc = 0.

  SORT ekbe_int.
  DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM ekbe_int.

  LOOP AT ekbe_int INTO ekbe_wa.
    v_objectkey+00(10) = ekbe_wa-belnr.
    v_objectkey+10(10) = ekbe_wa-gjahr.           "BELNR+YEAR

    IF ekbe_wa-vgabe = '1'.
      v_reference = 'MKPF'.
    ELSE.
      v_reference = 'RMRP'.
    ENDIF.

* Uses index BKPF~4 (4.7)
    SELECT SINGLE bukrs belnr gjahr               "Accounting Doc Header
      FROM bkpf
      INTO doc_wa
      WHERE awtyp =  v_reference
        AND awkey =  v_objectkey.
    IF sy-subrc = 0.
      APPEND doc_wa TO doc_int.
    ENDIF.
  ENDLOOP.

* Next get the sales orders for the material

* Note - I am using an artificial date range here because of archiving
* in our system. Feel free to remove it.
  SELECT vbeln posnr
    FROM vapma
    INTO TABLE vapma_int
    UP TO 100 ROWS
    WHERE matnr = matnr
      AND audat BETWEEN '20070101' AND '20071231'.

* Uses primary index (4.7)
  SELECT vbeln posnv
    FROM vbfa
    INTO TABLE vbfa_int
    FOR ALL ENTRIES IN vapma_int
    WHERE vbelv   = vapma_int-vbeln
      AND posnv   = vapma_int-posnr
      AND vbtyp_n = 'P'.                          "Debit memo

  CHECK sy-subrc = 0.

  SORT vbfa_int.
  DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM vbfa_int.

  LOOP AT vbfa_int INTO vbfa_wa.
    CLEAR: v_objectkey,
           v_reference.
    v_objectkey+00(10) = vbfa_wa-vbeln.           "BELNR
    v_reference        = 'VBRK'.

* Uses index BKPF~4 (4.7)
    SELECT SINGLE bukrs belnr gjahr               "Accounting Doc Header
      FROM bkpf
      INTO doc_wa
      WHERE awtyp =  v_reference
        AND awkey =  v_objectkey.
    IF sy-subrc = 0.
      APPEND doc_wa TO doc_int.
    ENDIF.
  ENDLOOP.

  DESCRIBE TABLE doc_int LINES no_lines.
  CHECK no_lines > 0.

  CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
    EXPORTING
      input  = matnr
    IMPORTING
      output = disp_mat.

  PERFORM display_documents
    TABLES doc_int
    USING 'Material'
          disp_mat
          space
          space.

ENDFORM.                    " material_actuals

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  cheque_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       Retrieve FI documents for a cheque. We are assuming Accounts
*       Payable related.
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM cheque_actuals
  USING    hbkid
           hktid
           chect.
  DATA: belnr TYPE payr-vblnr,
        gjahr TYPE payr-gjahr,
        lifnr TYPE payr-lifnr,
        laufd TYPE payr-laufd,
        disp_cheque(13).

  CHECK NOT p_chect IS INITIAL.

* Retrieve the cheque data using the primary key (4.7)
* We are assuming a vendor payment here
  SELECT SINGLE vblnr gjahr lifnr laufd
    FROM  payr
    INTO (belnr, gjahr, lifnr, laufd )
    WHERE  zbukr  = p_bukrs
      AND  hbkid  = p_hbkid
      AND  hktid  = p_hktid
      AND  rzawe  = p_rzawe
      AND  chect  = p_chect.

* Now get the accounting documents
  SELECT bukrs belnr gjahr
    FROM  bsak
    INTO TABLE doc_int
         WHERE  bukrs  = p_bukrs
         AND    lifnr  = lifnr
         AND    umsks  = ' '
         AND    umskz  = ' '
         AND    augdt  = laufd
         AND    augbl  = belnr
         AND    gjahr  = gjahr.

  DESCRIBE TABLE doc_int LINES no_lines.
  CHECK no_lines > 0.

  CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
    EXPORTING
      input  = chect
    IMPORTING
      output = disp_cheque.

  PERFORM display_documents
    TABLES doc_int
    USING 'Cheque number'
          disp_cheque
          space
          space.

ENDFORM.                    " cheque_actuals

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  display_documents
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       At this point, you have the company code, document number and
*       fiscal year in table DOC_INT. Here, I just use a standard SAP
*       function module and transaction to display documents and
*       details, but you could use the same information to retrieve
*       document data from BKPF and/or BSEG.
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM display_documents
  TABLES   doc_int STRUCTURE doc_wa
  USING    doc_source_1
           source_value_1
           doc_source_2
           source_value_2.

  TYPE-POOLS: slis.

  DATA: sel     TYPE  slis_selfield.
  DATA: title   TYPE string.

  CONCATENATE 'FI line items for' doc_source_1 source_value_1
               INTO title SEPARATED BY space.

  IF NOT source_value_2 IS INITIAL.
    CONCATENATE title doc_source_2 source_value_2
                INTO title SEPARATED BY space.
  ENDIF.

  CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_POPUP_TO_SELECT'
    EXPORTING
      i_title                 = title
      i_selection             = 'X'
      i_tabname               = 'BSEG'
      i_structure_name        = 'BSEG'
      i_callback_user_command = 'USER_COMMAND'
      i_callback_program      = w_repid
    IMPORTING
      es_selfield             = sel
    TABLES
      t_outtab                = doc_int.

  IF NOT sel IS INITIAL.
    READ TABLE doc_int INDEX sel-tabindex.
    SET PARAMETER ID 'BUK' FIELD doc_int-bukrs.
    SET PARAMETER ID 'BLN' FIELD doc_int-belnr.
    SET PARAMETER ID 'GJR' FIELD doc_int-gjahr.
    CALL TRANSACTION 'FB03' AND SKIP FIRST SCREEN.
  ENDIF.

ENDFORM.                    " display_documents

 

 

<think> 首先,用户的问题是关于ABAP中分批读取数据的实现方法。我需要参考提供的引用,但记住这些引用可能不是直接相关的,所以我应该聚焦在用户的问题上。 从引用中: - 引用[1] 是关于从BSEG读取数据,使用了SELECT ... INTO TABLE ... UP TO n ROWS,这涉及到分批读取。 - 引用[2] 是关于从Excel读取数据,使用了函数TEXT_CONVERT_XLS_TO_SAP,但这不是直接关于分批读取数据库数据。 - 引用[3] 是关于读取内表数据,使用了READ TABLE和LOOP,这涉及到处理内表中的数据,但不是在数据库层面分批读取。 用户的问题明确是“分批读取数据”,在ABAP中通常意味着从数据库表中分批次读取数据,以避免性能问题或处理大量数据。 在ABAP中,分批读取数据的常见方法是使用SELECT语句的UP TO n ROWS子句,或者使用OPEN CURSOR和FETCH NEXT CURSOR。 从引用[1]中:SELECT bukrs knbelnr kngjahr knbuzei FROM fmifiit INTO TABLE doc_int UP TO 100 ROWS WHERE fistl = fistl AND fonds = fonds. 这使用了UP TO 100 ROWS,这正是分批读取的一个例子。 其他方法可能包括使用PACKAGE SIZE在SELECT语句中,但UP TO n ROWS更常见。 我应该构建一个清晰的回答: 1. **解释分批读取**:为什么需要分批读取?例如,处理大量数据时避免内存溢出、提高性能等。 2. **实现方法**: - 使用SELECT ... INTO TABLE ... UP TO n ROWS - 使用OPEN CURSOR和FETCH NEXT CURSOR - 可能提到PACKAGE SIZE 3. **提供代码示例**:基于引用[1],但需要使其通用。引用[1]是针对特定表fmifiit,我应该使用一个通用的例子。 4. **注意事项**:比如处理批次间的逻辑、排序等。 系统级指令: - 所有行内数学表达式使用$...$,但这个问题没有数学表达式,所以可能不需要。 - 独立公式使用$$...$$,但这里可能不适用。 - LaTeX语法正确:确保代码块正确显示。 - 使用中文回答:整个回答用中文。 - 生成相关问题:在最后添加相关问题。 - 引用段落末尾添加引用标识:如果引用内容,添加[^n]。 用户可见层: - 回答结构清晰:逐步解决问题。 - 保证真实可靠:基于ABAP知识。 结构化回答: 1. **引言**:解释分批读取的概念和好处。 2. **方法一:使用UP TO n ROWS**: - 描述方法。 - 提供代码示例。 3. **方法二:使用OPEN CURSOR**: - 描述方法。 - 提供代码示例。 4. **注意事项**:讨论排序、内存管理、性能等。 5. **总结**:推荐最佳实践。 6. **相关问题**:生成几个相关问题。 代码示例应该用ABAP语法。 基于引用[1]: SELECT ... FROM ... INTO TABLE ... UP TO n ROWS WHERE ... 通用示例: DATA: lt_batch TYPE TABLE OF sflight. DATA: lv_offset TYPE i VALUE 0. DATA: lv_package_size TYPE i VALUE 100. WHILE lv_offset < total_records. SELECT * FROM sflight INTO TABLE lt_batch UP TO lv_package_size ROWS OFFSET lv_offset. " Process the batch lv_offset = lv_offset + lv_package_size. ENDWHILE. 但OFFSET可能不高效;更好的方式是使用WHERE条件或CURSOR。 更标准的方式是使用循环: DATA: lt_batch TYPE TABLE OF sflight. DATA: lv_index TYPE i VALUE 0. DO. SELECT * FROM sflight INTO TABLE lt_batch UP TO lv_package_size ROWS WHERE some_condition AND index > lv_index. IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF. " Process batch lv_index = lv_index + lines( lt_batch ). ENDDO. 但需要排序表以确保顺序。 使用OPEN CURSOR: DATA: lv_cursor TYPE cursor. DATA: lt_batch TYPE TABLE OF sflight. DATA: lv_package_size TYPE i VALUE 100. OPEN CURSOR WITH HOLD lv_cursor FOR SELECT * FROM sflight WHERE some_condition. DO. FETCH NEXT CURSOR lv_cursor INTO TABLE lt_batch PACKAGE SIZE lv_package_size. IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF. " Process batch ENDDO. CLOSE CURSOR lv_cursor. 这更高效,尤其对于大表。 在回答中,我应该包括这两种方法。 生成相关问题: 1. ABAP中如何选择合适的分批大小? 2. 分批读取时如何处理事务一致性? 3. ABAP中其他优化数据库读取的方法? 确保引用正确:引用[1]直接相关,所以我可以引用来支持UP TO n ROWS方法。 最终回答结构: - 开头解释分批读取。 - 方法一:UP TO n ROWS,with code and reference[^1]。 - 方法二:OPEN CURSOR,with code。 - 注意事项。 - 相关问题。 </think>### ABAP中分批读取数据的实现方法 在ABAP开发中,处理大量数据库数据时,直接一次性读取所有记录可能导致内存溢出或性能下降(尤其在SAP系统中处理百万级数据时)。分批读取(Batch Reading)是一种优化技术,通过分批次获取和处理数据,显著提升程序效率和稳定性。本文将基于ABAP标准方法,逐步解释分批读取的实现方式,并附上代码示例。实现主要依赖`SELECT`语句的`UP TO n ROWS`子句或`OPEN CURSOR`结合`FETCH`命令,前者适合简单场景,后者更高效于复杂查询或大数据表[^1]。 #### 1. **分批读取的核心概念** - **目的**:避免一次性加载过多数据到内存(Internal Table),减少数据库负载和程序响应时间。例如,处理财务凭证表(如BSEG)时,分批读取可防止内存溢出[^1]。 - **关键参数**: - **分批大小(Package Size)**:每批次读取的行数,需根据系统内存和性能测试调整(一般建议100-1000行)。 - **偏移管理**:通过索引或条件控制批次起始位置。 - **适用场景**:数据迁移、报表生成、大数据处理等,如从Excel导入数据或读取内表时[^2][^3]。 #### 2. **方法一:使用 SELECT ... UP TO n ROWS(简单高效)** 这是最常用的方法,适用于大多数分批读取场景。通过`UP TO n ROWS`限制每批次读取行数,并结合循环实现增量读取。需注意表排序以确保数据连续性[^1][^3]。 **代码示例**:从表`SFLIGHT`(航班数据)分批读取100行/次。 ```abap REPORT z_batch_read_example. DATA: lt_batch TYPE TABLE OF sflight, " 存储每批次数据 lv_index TYPE i VALUE 0, " 当前批次起始索引 lv_total TYPE i, " 总记录数(可选) lv_package_size TYPE i VALUE 100. " 分批大小 " 可选:先获取总记录数以控制循环(避免无限循环) SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sflight INTO lv_total. " 主循环:分批读取和处理 DO. " 分批读取(使用索引条件确保顺序) SELECT * FROM sflight INTO TABLE lt_batch UP TO lv_package_size ROWS WHERE carrid > lv_index " 假设carrid为排序字段 ORDER BY carrid ASCENDING. IF sy-subrc <> 0 OR lt_batch IS INITIAL. " 检查是否无数据 EXIT. " 退出循环 ENDIF. " 处理当前批次(示例:输出行数) WRITE: / '处理批次,行数:', lines( lt_batch ). " 更新索引:基于批次最后一条记录的字段值 READ TABLE lt_batch INDEX lines( lt_batch ) INTO DATA(ls_last). lv_index = ls_last-carrid. " 清空批次表以准备下一批次 CLEAR lt_batch. ENDDO. ``` - **优点**:语法简单,易于实现。 - **缺点**:需表排序(否则数据可能重复或遗漏),性能略低于游标方法。 - **参考依据**:此方法类似引用[1]中从`FMIFIIT`表读取数据的实现[^1]。 #### 3. **方法二:使用 OPEN CURSOR 和 FETCH(高效于大数据)** 对于海量数据或复杂查询,`OPEN CURSOR`结合`FETCH NEXT CURSOR`更高效。它使用数据库游标(Cursor)在服务器端管理分批,减少网络传输开销,尤其适合跨多个程序调用[^1]。 **代码示例**:从表`BSEG`(会计凭证行项目)分批读取500行/次。 ```abap REPORT z_cursor_batch_example. DATA: lt_batch TYPE TABLE OF bseg, " 存储每批次数据 lv_cursor TYPE cursor, " 游标变量 lv_package_size TYPE i VALUE 500. " 分批大小 " 打开游标并定义查询 OPEN CURSOR WITH HOLD lv_cursor FOR SELECT * FROM bseg WHERE bukrs = '1000' " 公司代码条件 ORDER BY belnr gjahr. " 排序以确保顺序 " 主循环:分批获取数据 DO. " 获取下一批次数据 FETCH NEXT CURSOR lv_cursor INTO TABLE lt_batch PACKAGE SIZE lv_package_size. IF sy-subrc <> 0 OR lt_batch IS INITIAL. " 检查是否结束 EXIT. ENDIF. " 处理当前批次(示例:计算总金额) DATA(lv_sum) = 0. LOOP AT lt_batch INTO DATA(ls_row). lv_sum = lv_sum + ls_row-dmbtr. " 累加金额 ENDLOOP. WRITE: / '批次金额总计:', lv_sum. " 清空批次表 CLEAR lt_batch. ENDDO. " 关闭游标(重要!避免资源泄露) CLOSE CURSOR lv_cursor. ``` - **优点**:性能最优,支持大表处理;游标保持事务状态(`WITH HOLD`确保跨批次一致性)。 - **缺点**:语法稍复杂,需显式管理游标开关。 - **适用场景**:引用[3]中提到的内表一对多处理类似逻辑,但此方法直接作用于数据库[^3]。 #### 4. **注意事项** - **分批大小选择**:太小(如10行)增加数据库调用次数,降低性能;太大(如10000行)可能导致内存压力。建议通过测试确定(如用`GET RUN TIME`分析)。 - **排序要求**:两种方法都需表排序(使用`ORDER BY`或确保索引字段),否则批次可能重叠或遗漏。例如,引用[3]强调排序内表以使用二分查找[^3]。 - **错误处理**:始终检查`sy-subrc`(返回码),处理空批次或异常。 - **性能优化**: - 避免在循环中执行高开销操作(如嵌套SELECT)。 - 结合`PACKAGE SIZE`在`FETCH`中(如示例)可进一步提升效率。 - **内存管理**:处理完每批次后,用`CLEAR`或`REFRESH`释放内存。 - **与内表处理的关联**:分批读取后,若需进一步处理内表(如引用[3]的LOOP嵌套),可复用类似逻辑[^3]。 #### 5. **总结** 分批读取在ABAP中是处理大数据的关键技术。推荐优先使用`SELECT ... UP TO n ROWS`(简单场景)或`OPEN CURSOR`(高性能场景)。实际开发中,根据表大小和查询复杂度选择方法,并注意排序和分批大小优化。这不仅能提升程序健壮性,还能减少系统资源消耗[^1][^3]。
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