企业级系统架构和工具类软件架构的区别

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<p class="p0" style="margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">今天同事问起在系统中使用<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">WebService</span><span style="">有什么用处，和一般的直接写在客户端有什么区别，有什么好处？</span></span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">回答这个问题，确实有点意思。因为既然问了这个问题，就说明有一些前提的没有达成一致，直接解释技术本身，是很容易事倍功半的。</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">因此首先搞清楚，推荐使用<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">SOA</span><span style="">架构的背景，是我们在做企业内部的信息化工作。在这个大背景下，我们再来探讨</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">SOA</span><span style="">是不是好的问题。否则，</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">SOA</span><span style="">不一定是最好的方式。</span></span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">那么我们尝试系统地去分析在企业信息化的背景下，和一般的工具类软件架构到底有什么不一样的地方。</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">第一、</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">用户群体不一样。工具类软件往往是独立用户使用。而企业级的系统，往往用户涉及不同的岗位和个人，最经常涉及的就是需要协同工作的岗位和需要审批的经理。如一个项目新建的过程，在工具类产品中，只是一个新建界面，而在企业级系统中，往往会出现经理审批是否允许新建项目的功能。</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">第二、</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">企业环境中往往存在多个系统。系统之间的整合的需求非常旺盛。企业用户对于易用性的要求很高，但却往往只能忍气吞声地埋没下来，往往是一边叫苦，一边工作。他们也希望能改进，但总是不知道为什么得到的回答的是<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">NO.</span><span style="">一旦可以整合，往往可以解决很多日常工作复杂度的问题。</span></span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">第三、</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">数据访问并发要求不一样。企业级的信息化系统，往往要求多人同时操作数据，并且数据可以多人共享。而工具类软件不是这样的，往往独立访问，独立保护就可以了。</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">第四、</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">部署方式不一样。企业级的信息化系统，核心部分往往要部署到一台独立服务器上，并且要求这台服务器<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">24</span><span style="">小时提供服务。而工具类软件往往安装在本地，且随时打开，随时关闭。</span></span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">第五、</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">历史数据要求不一样。企业级信息化系统，往往对于历史数据要求很高，需要积累各个时候的数据。这样升级系统的时候，必须要求兼容就的数据，这就是迁移。而工具类软件往往不是这样。虽然很多好的软件都可以做到兼容旧版本的数据，但这不是强求。</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
<p class="p0" style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">针对上面的不一样，必然要求我们在进行企业级信息化的系统的架构的时候，需要考虑这些不同点。而<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">SOA</span><span style="">正是满足这些条件的一种架构方式。针对上面的不同点，总结成技术点，可以有下面几点要求：</span></span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
<p class="p0" style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">第一、</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">系统之间需要考虑整合问题</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
<p class="p0" style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">第二、</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">系统部署完了之后，尽量考虑复用</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
<p class="p0" style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">第三、</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">需要考虑并发效率</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
<p class="p0" style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">第四、</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">需要提供数据共享</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
<p class="p0" style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">下面就来看看<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">SOA</span><span style="">是如何满足上面的要求的。</span></span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
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<p class="p0" style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt; font-weight: bold;">需求</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt; font-weight: bold;"></span></p>
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<p class="p0" style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt; font-weight: bold;">SOA</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt; font-weight: bold;"></span></p>
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<p class="p0" style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt; font-weight: bold;">相似架构技术</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt; font-weight: bold;"></span></p>
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<p class="p0" style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">整合</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
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<p class="p0" style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">跨语言平台特性</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
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<p class="p0" style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">SOA<span style="">，</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">REST</span><span style="">，</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">DB</span></span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
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<p class="p0" style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">复用</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
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<p class="p0" style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">复用性</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
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<p class="p0" style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">SOA<span style="">，</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">REST</span></span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
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<p class="p0" style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">并发</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
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<p class="p0" style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">横向扩展性</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
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<p class="p0" style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">SOA</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
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<p class="p0" style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">共享</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
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<p class="p0" style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">封装性</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
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<p class="p0" style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">SOA,DB,REST</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
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<p class="p0" style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">安全</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
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<p class="p0" style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">颗粒度低</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
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<p class="p0" style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">SOA,REST</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
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<p class="p0" style="margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">大部分能力，是因为我们采用的<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">WebService</span><span style="">是基于</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">xml</span><span style="">技术，且架构在</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">http</span><span style="">协议之上直接获取的，比如兼容性和并发性。</span></span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
<p class="p0" style="margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;">其实说了这一圈回来，倒也回答了一开始的问题了。是不是罗嗦了？因为最近要和的敬爱交流一个企业级信息化的课题，所以想多了，大家不要见怪了，呵呵。</span><span style="font-family: '宋体'; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></p>
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