linux sed 命令

sed ：stream editor
查找和编辑文本

参数
-n 只列出经过sed 特殊处理的行
-i 在源文件上操作
-e 允许多重编辑


常用命令：
a
新增行，当前参照行后
sed '2a hello' 第二行后新加一行 hello

i
新增行，当前参照行前

c
行替换， c的后面接字串，替换多行被替换的内容用 \n表示换行
sed '3c 分割' 第三行变为分割
sed '1,3c begin' 1-3行替换为begin

d
删除
：sed '1,2d' file 删除前两行

p
显示某行，查找使用,一般结合 -n使用
sed -n '1,5p' 显示1-5行， '$'表示最后一行
sed -n '/aaa/p' 查找含有aaa的行

s
单词替换，可正则匹配（同样可指定范围，行数）
命令结构 's/src/des/g'
src:原字符
des:目标字符，替换后的
sed 's/one/first/g' 将所有的one替换为first


----------------------------例子-------------
测试文本：test.txt
my heart will go on
歌手:celion dion
every night in my dreams 每一个夜晚，在我的梦里
i see you, i feel you 我看见你，我感觉到你
that is how i know you go on 我懂得你的心
far across the distance 跨越我们心灵的空间
and the spaces between us 你向我显现你的来临
you have come to show you go on 无论你如何远离我
near far whenever you are 我相信我心已相随
i believe that the heart does go on 你再次敲开我的心扉
once more you open the door 你融入我的心灵
and you're here in my heart 我心与你同往
and my heart will go on and on 与你相随
love can touch us one time 爱每时每刻在触摸我们
and last for a lifetime 为着生命最后的时刻


第一行后添加一行

#sed '1a 我心永恒' test.txt 
my heart will go on
我心永恒
歌手:celion dion 
every night in my dreams 每一个夜晚，在我的梦里 
i see you, i feel you 我看见你，我感觉到你 
that is how i know you go on 我懂得你的心 

第一行替换为 我心永恒

# sed '1c 我心永恒' test.txt 
我心永恒 
歌手:celion dion 
every night in my dreams 每一个夜晚，在我的梦里 
i see you, i feel you 我看见你，我感觉到你 
that is how i know you go on 我懂得你的心 
far across the distance 跨越我们心灵的空间 
and the spaces between us 你向我显现你的来临 
you have come to show you go on 无论你如何远离我 
near far whenever you are 我相信我心已相随 
i believe that the heart does go on 你再次敲开我的心扉 
once more you open the door 你融入我的心灵 
and you're here in my heart 我心与你同往 
and my heart will go on and on 与你相随 
love can touch us one time 爱每时每刻在触摸我们 
and last for a lifetime 为着生命最后的时刻 

删除1-6行

# nl test.txt |sed '1,6d'
     7  and the spaces between us 你向我显现你的来临 
     8  you have come to show you go on 无论你如何远离我 
     9  near far whenever you are 我相信我心已相随 
    10  i believe that the heart does go on 你再次敲开我的心扉 
    11  once more you open the door 你融入我的心灵 
    12  and you're here in my heart 我心与你同往 
    13  and my heart will go on and on 与你相随 
    14  love can touch us one time 爱每时每刻在触摸我们 
    15  and last for a lifetime 为着生命最后的时刻 

获取前两行

# sed -n '1,2p' test.txt 
my heart will go on
歌手:celion dion 

查找含有you的行

# nl test.txt |sed -n  '/you/p'
     4  i see you, i feel you 我看见你，我感觉到你 
     5  that is how i know you go on 我懂得你的心 
     8  you have come to show you go on 无论你如何远离我 
     9  near far whenever you are 我相信我心已相随 
    11  once more you open the door 你融入我的心灵 
    12  and you're here in my heart 我心与你同往 

将文档中的you替换为YOU

# nl test.txt |sed 's/you/YOU/g'
     1  my heart will go on
     2  歌手:celion dion 
     3  every night in my dreams 每一个夜晚，在我的梦里 
     4  i see YOU, i feel YOU 我看见你，我感觉到你 
     5  that is how i know YOU go on 我懂得你的心 
     6  far across the distance 跨越我们心灵的空间 
     7  and the spaces between us 你向我显现你的来临 
     8  YOU have come to show YOU go on 无论你如何远离我 
     9  near far whenever YOU are 我相信我心已相随 
    10  i believe that the heart does go on 你再次敲开我的心扉 
    11  once more YOU open the door 你融入我的心灵 
    12  and YOU're here in my heart 我心与你同往 
    13  and my heart will go on and on 与你相随 
    14  love can touch us one time 爱每时每刻在触摸我们 
    15  and last for a lifetime 为着生命最后的时刻 

-i参数，将操作更新到原文件

#sed -i '$a end' test.txt 

直接在修改源文件，查看test.txt最后一行为end

-e参数一次执行多个命令

# sed -e 's/go/Go/g' -e 's/on/On/g' test.txt 
my heart will Go On
歌手:celiOn diOn 
every night in my dreams 每一个夜晚，在我的梦里 
i see you, i feel you 我看见你，我感觉到你 
that is how i know you Go On 我懂得你的心 
far across the distance 跨越我们心灵的空间 
and the spaces between us 你向我显现你的来临 
you have come to show you Go On 无论你如何远离我 
near far whenever you are 我相信我心已相随 
i believe that the heart does Go On 你再次敲开我的心扉 
Once more you open the door 你融入我的心灵 
and you're here in my heart 我心与你同往 
and my heart will Go On and On 与你相随 
love can touch us One time 爱每时每刻在触摸我们 
and last for a lifetime 为着生命最后的时刻 

原来的go替换为Go ,on替换为On