Python的GUI编程

本文介绍使用Python的Tkinter模块创建简单GUI程序的方法。通过多个示例演示如何使用Button、Label等组件,并展示了如何响应用户操作及处理输入。

Python的GUI编程



使用Tkinter模块来创建简单的GUI程序。
Tkinter的Widgets有:Button、Canvas、Checkbutton、Entry、Frame、Label、Listbox、Menu、Menubutton、Message、Radiobutton、Scales、Scrollbar、TEXT、Toplevel等。

例:
# This program displays an empty window.
import Tkinter
def main():
main_window = Tkinter.Tk()
Tkinter.mainloop()
main()

例2:
import Tkinter
class MyGUI:
def __init__(self):
# Create the main window widget.
self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()

# Enter the Tkinter main loop.
Tkinter.mainloop()
# Create an instance of the MyGUI class.
my_gui = MyGUI()

例3:
# The program displays a label with text.
import Tkinter
class MyGUI:
def __init__(self):
self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()
# Create a Label widget containing the text 'Hello world'
self.label = Tkinter.Label(self.main_window, text='Hello World!')
# Call the Label widget's pack method.
self.label.pack()
# Enter the Tkinter main loop.
Tkinter.mainloop()
# Create an instance of the MyGUI class.
my_gui = MyGUI()

例4:
import Tkinter
class MyGUI:
def __init__(self):
self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()
self.label1 = Tkinter.Label(self.main_window,text='Hello World!')
self.label2 = Tkinter.Label(self.main_window,text='This is my GUI program.')
self.label1.pack()
self.label2.pack()
Tkinter.mainloop()
mygui = MyGUI()

例5:
import Tkinter
class MyGUI:
def __init__(self):
self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()
self.label1 = Tkinter.Label(self.main_window,text='Hello World!')
self.label2 = Tkinter.Label(self.main_window,text='This is my GUI program.')
self.label1.pack(side='left')
self.label2.pack(side='left')
Tkinter.mainloop()
mygui = MyGUI()

例6:
import Tkinter
class MyGUI:
def __init__(self):
self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()
self.top_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self.main_window)
self.bottom_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self.main_window)
self.label1 = Tkinter.Label(self.top_frame,text='Winken')
self.label2 = Tkinter.Label(self.top_frame,text='Blinken')
self.label3 = Tkinter.Label(self.top_frame,text='Nod')

self.label1.pack(side='top')
self.label2.pack(side='top')
self.label3.pack(side='top')

self.label4 = Tkinter.Label(self.bottom_frame,text='Winken')
self.label5 = Tkinter.Label(self.bottom_frame,text='Blinken')
self.label6 = Tkinter.Label(self.bottom_frame,text='Nod')

self.label4.pack(side='left')
self.label5.pack(side='left')
self.label6.pack(side='left')

self.top_frame.pack()
self.bottom_frame.pack()

Tkinter.mainloop()
mygui = MyGUI()

按钮Widget和信息对话框
使用tkMessageBox模块的showinfo函数来显示信息对话框。
例:
# the program demonstrates a Button widget.
# when the user clicks the button, an info dialog box is displayed.
import Tkinter
import tkMessageBox
class MyGUI:
def __init__(self):
self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()
self.my_button = Tkinter.Button(self.main_window, text='Click me!',command=self.do_something)
self.my_button.pack()
Tkinter.mainloop()
def do_something(self):
tkMessageBox.showinfo('Response','Thanks for clicking the button.')
mygui = MyGUI()

例2:
import Tkinter
import tkMessageBox
class MyGUI:
def __init__(self):
self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()
self.my_button = Tkinter.Button(self.main_window, text='Click me!',command=self.do_something)
self.quit_button = Tkinter.Button(self.main_window,text='Quit',command=self.main_window.quit)
self.my_button.pack()
self.quit_button.pack()
Tkinter.mainloop()
def do_something(self):
tkMessageBox.showinfo('Response','Thanks for clicking the button.')
mygui = MyGUI()

用Entry Widget得到输入
Entry Widget是一个矩形区域,用户可输入其中。可使用Entry Widget的get方法取回输入的数据。
例:
import Tkinter
import tkMessageBox
class KiloGUI:
def __init__(self):
self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()
self.top_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self.main_window)
self.bottom_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self.main_window)
self.label = Tkinter.Label(self.top_frame,text='Enter a distance in kilometers:')
self.entry = Tkinter.Entry(self.top_frame,width=10)
self.button1 = Tkinter.Button(self.bottom_frame,text='Convert',command=self.convert)
self.button2 = Tkinter.Button(self.bottom_frame,text='Quit',command=self.main_window.quit)

self.label.pack(side='left')
self.entry.pack(side='left')
self.button1.pack(side='left')
self.button2.pack(side='left')
self.top_frame.pack()
self.bottom_frame.pack()

Tkinter.mainloop()
def convert(self):
kilo = float(self.entry.get())
miles = kilo*0.6214
tkMessageBox.showinfo('Result',str(kilo)+' kilometers is equal to '+str(miles)+' miles.')

mygui = KiloGUI()

例2:
import Tkinter
import tkMessageBox
class KiloGUI:
def __init__(self):
self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()
self.top_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self.main_window)
self.mid_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self.main_window)
self.bottom_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self.main_window)

self.label1 = Tkinter.Label(self.top_frame,text='Enter a distance in kilometers:')
self.entry = Tkinter.Entry(self.top_frame,width=10)

self.button1 = Tkinter.Button(self.bottom_frame,text='Convert',command=self.convert)
self.button2 = Tkinter.Button(self.bottom_frame,text='Quit',command=self.main_window.quit)

self.label2 = Tkinter.Label(self.mid_frame,text='Converted to miles:')
self.value = Tkinter.StringVar()
self.label3 = Tkinter.Label(self.mid_frame,textvariable=self.value)

self.label1.pack(side='left')
self.entry.pack(side='left')

self.button1.pack(side='left')
self.button2.pack(side='left')

self.label2.pack(side='left')
self.label3.pack(side='left')

self.top_frame.pack()
self.mid_frame.pack()
self.bottom_frame.pack()

Tkinter.mainloop()
def convert(self):
kilo = float(self.entry.get())
miles = kilo*0.6214
self.value.set(miles)

mygui = KiloGUI()

Radio按钮和Check按钮
例:
import Tkinter
import tkMessageBox
class MyGUI:
def __init__(self):
self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()
self.top_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self.main_window)
self.bottom_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self.main_window)

self.radio_var = Tkinter.IntVar()
self.radio_var.set(1)
self.rb1 = Tkinter.Radiobutton(self.top_frame,text='Option 1',variable=self.radio_var,value=1)
self.rb2 = Tkinter.Radiobutton(self.top_frame,text='Option 2',variable=self.radio_var,value=2)
self.rb3 = Tkinter.Radiobutton(self.top_frame,text='Option 3',variable=self.radio_var,value=3)

self.rb1.pack()
self.rb2.pack()
self.rb3.pack()

self.ok_button = Tkinter.Button(self.bottom_frame,text='OK',command=self.show_choice)
self.quit_button = Tkinter.Button(self.bottom_frame,text='QUIT',command=self.main_window.quit)

self.ok_button.pack(side='left')
self.quit_button.pack(side='left')

self.top_frame.pack()
self.bottom_frame.pack()

Tkinter.mainloop()

def show_choice(self):
tkMessageBox.showinfo('Selection','You selected optioin '+str(self.radio_var.get()))
mygui = MyGUI()


# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'aaa.ui' # # Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.11.3 # # WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost! import sys, os from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtWidgets, QtGui from PyQt5.QtCore import * from PyQt5.QtWidgets import * from PyQt5.QtGui import * from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets class U_MainWindow(object): def setupUi(self, MainWindow): MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow") MainWindow.resize(1204, 836) sizePolicy = QtWidgets.QSizePolicy(QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Fixed) sizePolicy.setHorizontalStretch(0) sizePolicy.setVerticalStretch(0) sizePolicy.setHeightForWidth(MainWindow.sizePolicy().hasHeightForWidth()) MainWindow.setSizePolicy(sizePolicy) self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow) self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget") self.tableWidget = QtWidgets.QTableWidget(self.centralwidget) self.tableWidget.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(80, 240, 1041, 371)) self.tableWidget.setAutoScrollMargin(9) self.tableWidget.setRowCount(9) self.tableWidget.setColumnCount(8) self.tableWidget.setObjectName("tableWidget") item = QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem() self.tableWidget.setVerticalHeaderItem(0, item) item = QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem() self.tableWidget.setVerticalHeaderItem(1, item) item = QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem() self.tableWidget.setVerticalHeaderItem(2, item) item = QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem() self.tableWidget.setVerticalHeaderItem(3, item) item = QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem() self.tableWidget.setVerticalHeaderItem(4, item) item = QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem() self.tableWidget.setVerticalHeaderItem(5, item) item = QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem() self.tableWidget.setVerticalHeaderItem(6, item) item = Q
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