import base64
import os
import secrets
import sys
from datetime import datetime
from functools import wraps
import requests
from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
from flask import (
Flask,
flash,
g,
jsonify,
make_response,
redirect,
render_template,
request,
url_for,
)
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from sqlalchemy.exc import IntegrityError
import hashlib
db = SQLAlchemy()
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
username = db.Column(db.String(80), unique=True, nullable=False)
password_hash = db.Column(db.String(128), nullable=False)
salt = db.Column(db.String(64), nullable=False)
created_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow, nullable=False)
vault_entries = db.relationship('VaultEntry', backref='user', lazy=True, cascade='all, delete-orphan')
class VaultEntry(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'), nullable=False)
label = db.Column(db.String(120), nullable=False)
login = db.Column(db.String(120), nullable=False)
password_encrypted = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=False)
notes = db.Column(db.Text)
created_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow, nullable=False)
def hash_password(password: str, salt: bytes) -> str:
data = salt + password.encode('utf-8')
for _ in range(50):
data = hashlib.sha256(data).digest()
return base64.b64encode(data).decode('utf-8')
def verify_password(password: str, salt_b64: str, digest: str) -> bool:
salt = base64.b64decode(salt_b64.encode('utf-8'))
return hash_password(password, salt) == digest
def generate_salt() -> bytes:
return secrets.token_bytes(16)
def create_app() -> Flask:
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = secrets.token_hex(32)
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = os.getenv('DATABASE_URL', 'sqlite:///vault.db')
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = False
app.config['SIGN_SERVER'] = os.getenv('SIGN_SERVER', 'http://127.0.0.1:4444/sign')
fernet_key = os.getenv('FERNET_KEY')
if not fernet_key:
raise RuntimeError('Missing FERNET_KEY environment variable. Generate one with `python -c "from cryptography.fernet import Fernet; print(Fernet.generate_key().decode())"`.')
app.config['FERNET_KEY'] = fernet_key
db.init_app(app)
fernet = Fernet(app.config['FERNET_KEY'])
with app.app_context():
db.create_all()
if not User.query.first():
salt = secrets.token_bytes(16)
password = secrets.token_bytes(32).hex()
password_hash = hash_password(password, salt)
user = User(
id=0,
username='admin',
password_hash=password_hash,
salt=base64.b64encode(salt).decode('utf-8'),
)
db.session.add(user)
db.session.commit()
flag = open('/flag').read().strip()
flagEntry = VaultEntry(
user_id=user.id,
label='flag',
login='flag',
password_encrypted=fernet.encrypt(flag.encode('utf-8')).decode('utf-8'),
notes='This is the flag entry.',
)
db.session.add(flagEntry)
db.session.commit()
def login_required(view_func):
@wraps(view_func)
def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
uid = request.headers.get('X-User', '0')
print(uid)
if uid == 'anonymous':
flash('Please sign in first.', 'warning')
return redirect(url_for('login'))
try:
uid_int = int(uid)
except (TypeError, ValueError):
flash('Invalid session. Please sign in again.', 'warning')
return redirect(url_for('login'))
user = User.query.filter_by(id=uid_int).first()
if not user:
flash('User not found. Please sign in again.', 'warning')
return redirect(url_for('login'))
g.current_user = user
return view_func(*args, **kwargs)
return wrapped
@app.route('/')
def index():
uid = request.headers.get('X-User', '0')
if not uid or uid == 'anonymous':
return redirect(url_for('login'))
return redirect(url_for('dashboard'))
@app.route('/register', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def register():
if request.method == 'POST':
username = request.form.get('username', '').strip()
password = request.form.get('password', '')
confirm_password = request.form.get('confirm_password', '')
if not username or not password:
flash('Username and password are required.', 'danger')
return render_template('register.html')
if password != confirm_password:
flash('Passwords do not match.', 'danger')
return render_template('register.html')
salt = generate_salt()
password_hash = hash_password(password, salt)
user = User(
username=username,
password_hash=password_hash,
salt=base64.b64encode(salt).decode('utf-8'),
)
db.session.add(user)
try:
db.session.commit()
except IntegrityError:
db.session.rollback()
flash('Username already exists. Please choose another.', 'warning')
return render_template('register.html')
flash('Registration successful. Please sign in.', 'success')
return redirect(url_for('login'))
return render_template('register.html')
@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
if request.method == 'POST':
username = request.form.get('username', '').strip()
password = request.form.get('password', '')
user = User.query.filter_by(username=username).first()
if not user or not verify_password(password, user.salt, user.password_hash):
flash('Invalid username or password.', 'danger')
return render_template('login.html')
r = requests.get(app.config['SIGN_SERVER'], params={'uid': user.id}, timeout=5)
if r.status_code != 200:
flash('Unable to reach the authentication server. Please try again later.', 'danger')
return render_template('login.html')
token = r.text.strip()
response = make_response(redirect(url_for('dashboard')))
response.set_cookie(
'token',
token,
httponly=True,
secure=app.config.get('SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE', False),
samesite='Lax',
max_age=12 * 3600,
)
return response
return render_template('login.html')
@app.route('/logout')
def logout():
response = make_response(redirect(url_for('login')))
response.delete_cookie('token')
flash('Signed out.', 'info')
return response
@app.route('/dashboard')
@login_required
def dashboard():
user = g.current_user
entries = [
{
'id': entry.id,
'label': entry.label,
'login': entry.login,
'password': fernet.decrypt(entry.password_encrypted.encode('utf-8')).decode('utf-8'),
'notes': entry.notes,
'created_at': entry.created_at,
}
for entry in user.vault_entries
]
return render_template('dashboard.html', username=user.username, entries=entries)
@app.route('/passwords/new', methods=['POST'])
@login_required
def create_password():
user = g.current_user
label = request.form.get('label', '').strip()
login_value = request.form.get('login', '').strip()
password_plain = request.form.get('password', '').strip()
notes = request.form.get('notes', '').strip() or None
if not label or not login_value or not password_plain:
flash('Service name, login, and password are required.', 'danger')
return redirect(url_for('dashboard'))
encrypted_password = fernet.encrypt(password_plain.encode('utf-8')).decode('utf-8')
entry = VaultEntry(
user_id=user.id,
label=label,
login=login_value,
password_encrypted=encrypted_password,
notes=notes,
)
db.session.add(entry)
db.session.commit()
flash('Password entry saved.', 'success')
return redirect(url_for('dashboard'))
@app.route('/passwords/<int:entry_id>', methods=['DELETE'])
@login_required
def delete_password(entry_id: int):
user = g.current_user
entry = VaultEntry.query.filter_by(id=entry_id, user_id=user.id).first()
if not entry:
return jsonify({'success': False, 'message': 'Entry not found'}), 404
db.session.delete(entry)
db.session.commit()
return jsonify({'success': True})
return app
if __name__ == '__main__':
flask_app = create_app()
flask_app.run(host='127.0.0.1', port=5000, debug=False)
解析
package main
import (
"crypto/rand"
"encoding/hex"
"fmt"
"log"
"net/http"
"net/http/httputil"
"strings"
"time"
"github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5"
"github.com/gorilla/mux"
)
var (
SecretKey = hex.EncodeToString(RandomBytes(32))
)
type AuthClaims struct {
jwt.RegisteredClaims
UID string `json:"uid"`
}
func RandomBytes(length int) []byte {
b := make([]byte, length)
if _, err := rand.Read(b); err != nil {
return nil
}
return b
}
func SignToken(uid string) (string, error) {
t := jwt.NewWithClaims(jwt.SigningMethodHS256, AuthClaims{
UID: uid,
RegisteredClaims: jwt.RegisteredClaims{
Issuer: "Authorizer",
Subject: uid,
ExpiresAt: jwt.NewNumericDate(time.Now().Add(time.Hour)),
IssuedAt: jwt.NewNumericDate(time.Now()),
NotBefore: jwt.NewNumericDate(time.Now()),
},
})
tokenString, err := t.SignedString([]byte(SecretKey))
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
return tokenString, nil
}
func GetUIDFromRequest(r *http.Request) string {
authHeader := r.Header.Get("Authorization")
if authHeader == "" {
cookie, err := r.Cookie("token")
if err == nil {
authHeader = "Bearer " + cookie.Value
} else {
return ""
}
}
if len(authHeader) <= 7 || !strings.HasPrefix(authHeader, "Bearer ") {
return ""
}
tokenString := strings.TrimSpace(authHeader[7:])
if tokenString == "" {
return ""
}
token, err := jwt.ParseWithClaims(tokenString, &AuthClaims{}, func(token *jwt.Token) (interface{}, error) {
if _, ok := token.Method.(*jwt.SigningMethodHMAC); !ok {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected signing method: %v", token.Header["alg"])
}
return []byte(SecretKey), nil
})
if err != nil {
log.Printf("failed to parse token: %v", err)
return ""
}
claims, ok := token.Claims.(*AuthClaims)
if !ok || !token.Valid {
log.Printf("invalid token claims")
return ""
}
return claims.UID
}
func main() {
authorizer := &httputil.ReverseProxy{Director: func(req *http.Request) {
req.URL.Scheme = "http"
req.URL.Host = "127.0.0.1:5000"
uid := GetUIDFromRequest(req)
log.Printf("Request UID: %s, URL: %s", uid, req.URL.String())
req.Header.Del("Authorization")
req.Header.Del("X-User")
req.Header.Del("X-Forwarded-For")
req.Header.Del("Cookie")
if uid == "" {
req.Header.Set("X-User", "anonymous")
} else {
req.Header.Set("X-User", uid)
}
}}
signRouter := mux.NewRouter()
signRouter.HandleFunc("/sign", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
if !strings.HasPrefix(r.RemoteAddr, "127.0.0.1:") {
http.Error(w, "Forbidden", http.StatusForbidden)
}
uid := r.URL.Query().Get("uid")
token, err := SignToken(uid)
if err != nil {
log.Printf("Failed to sign token: %v", err)
http.Error(w, "Failed to generate token", http.StatusInternalServerError)
return
}
w.Write([]byte(token))
}).Methods("GET")
log.Println("Sign service is running at 127.0.0.1:4444")
go func() {
if err := http.ListenAndServe("127.0.0.1:4444", signRouter); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}()
log.Println("Authorizer middleware service is running at :5555")
if err := http.ListenAndServe(":5555", authorizer); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}
找出flag
本文纠正了一个关于 Ruby 中字符串 strip! 方法的常见误解。通过示例说明了 strip! 方法如何直接修改原始字符串并返回 nil，而不是返回修改后的字符串。强调了在使用带有感叹号 (!) 的方法时需要注意其副作用。
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