XML现在已经成为一种通用的数据交换格式,它的平台无关性,语言无关性,系统无关性,给数据集成与交互带来了极大的方便。对于XML本身的语法知识与技术细节,需要阅读相关的技术文献,这里面包括的内容有DOM(Document Object Model),DTD(Document Type Definition),SAX(Simple API for XML),XSD(Xml Schema Definition),XSLT(Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations),
XML在不同的语言里解析方式都是一样的,只不过实现的语法不同而已。基本的解析方式有两种,一种叫SAX,另一种叫DOM。SAX是基于事件流的解析,DOM是基于XML文档树结构的解析。假设我们XML的内容和结构如下:
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- <?xmlversion=”1.0″encoding=”UTF-8″?><employees>
- <employee>
- <name>ddviplinux</name>
- <sex>m</sex>
- <age>30</age>
- </employee>
- </employees>
- <?xmlversion=”1.0″encoding=”UTF-8″?><employees>
- <employee>
- <name>ddviplinux</name>
- <sex>m</sex>
- <age>30</age>
- </employee>
- </employees>
本文使用JAVA语言来实现DOM与SAX的XML文档生成与解析。
首先定义一个操作XML文档的接口XmlDocument 它定义了XML文档的建立与解析的接口。
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- packagecom.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;
- /**
- *
- *@authorhongliang.dinghl
- *定义XML文档建立与解析的接口
- */
- publicinterfaceXmlDocument{
- /**
- *建立XML文档
- *@paramfileName文件全路径名称
- */
- publicvoidcreateXml(StringfileName);
- /**
- *解析XML文档
- *@paramfileName文件全路径名称
- */
- 18.publicvoidparserXml(StringfileName);
- 19.}
- 20.packagecom.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;
- 21./**
- 22.*
- 23.*@authorhongliang.dinghl
- *定义XML文档建立与解析的接口
- */
- publicinterfaceXmlDocument{
- /**
- *建立XML文档
- *@paramfileName文件全路径名称
- */
- publicvoidcreateXml(StringfileName);
- /**
- *解析XML文档
- *@paramfileName文件全路径名称
- */
- publicvoidparserXml(StringfileName);
- }
- 1. DOM生成和解析XML文档
-
为 XML 文档的已解析版本定义了一组接口。解析器读入整个文档,然后构建一个驻留内存的树结构,然后代码就可以使用 DOM 接口来操作这个树结构。优点:整个文档树在内存中,便于操作;支持删除、修改、重新排列等多种功能;缺点:将整个文档调入内存(包括无用的节点),浪费时间和空间;使用场合:一旦解析了文档还需多次访问这些数据;硬件资源充足(内存、CPU)。
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- packagecom.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;
- importjava.io.FileInputStream;
- importjava.io.FileNotFoundException;
- importjava.io.FileOutputStream;
- importjava.io.IOException;
- importjava.io.InputStream;
- importjava.io.PrintWriter;
- importjavax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
- importjavax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
- importjavax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
- importjavax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
- importjavax.xml.transform.Transformer;
- importjavax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
- importjavax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
- importjavax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
- importjavax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
- importjavax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
- importorg.w3c.dom.Document;
- importorg.w3c.dom.Element;
- importorg.w3c.dom.Node;
- importorg.w3c.dom.NodeList;
- importorg.xml.sax.SAXException;
- /**
- *@authorhongliang.dinghl
- *DOM生成与解析XML文档
- */
- publicclassDomDemoimplementsXmlDocument{
- privateDocumentdocument;
- privateStringfileName;
- publicvoidinit(){
- try{
- DocumentBuilderFactoryfactory=DocumentBuilderFactory
- .newInstance();
- DocumentBuilderbuilder=factory.newDocumentBuilder();
- this.document=builder.newDocument();
- }catch(ParserConfigurationExceptione){
- System.out.println(e.getMessage());
- }
- }
- publicvoidcreateXml(StringfileName){
- Elementroot=this.document.createElement(“employees”);
- this.document.appendChild(root);
- Elementemployee=this.document.createElement(“employee”);
- Elementname=this.document.createElement(“name”);
- name.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode(“丁宏亮“));
- employee.appendChild(name);
- Elementsex=this.document.createElement(“sex”);
- sex.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode(“m”));
- employee.appendChild(sex);
- Elementage=this.document.createElement(“age”);
- age.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode(“30″));
- employee.appendChild(age);
- root.appendChild(employee);
- TransformerFactorytf=TransformerFactory.newInstance();
- try{
- Transformertransformer=tf.newTransformer();
- DOMSourcesource=newDOMSource(document);
- transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING,“gb2312″);
- transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT,“yes”);
- PrintWriterpw=newPrintWriter(newFileOutputStream(fileName));
- StreamResultresult=newStreamResult(pw);
- transformer.transform(source,result);
- System.out.println(“生成XML文件成功!”);
- }catch(TransformerConfigurationExceptione){
- System.out.println(e.getMessage());
- }catch(IllegalArgumentExceptione){
- System.out.println(e.getMessage());
- }catch(FileNotFoundExceptione){
- System.out.println(e.getMessage());
- }catch(TransformerExceptione){
- System.out.println(e.getMessage());
- }
- }
- publicvoidparserXml(StringfileName){
- try{
- DocumentBuilderFactorydbf=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
- DocumentBuilderdb=dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
- Documentdocument=db.parse(fileName);
- NodeListemployees=document.getChildNodes();
- for(inti=0;i<employees.getLength();i++){
- Nodeemployee=employees.item(i);
- NodeListemployeeInfo=employee.getChildNodes();
- for(intj=0;j<employeeInfo.getLength();j++){
- Nodenode=employeeInfo.item(j);
- NodeListemployeeMeta=node.getChildNodes();
- for(intk=0;k<employeeMeta.getLength();k++){
- System.out.println(employeeMeta.item(k).getNodeName()
- +“:”+employeeMeta.item(k).getTextContent());
- }
- }
- }
- System.out.println(“解析完毕“);
- }catch(FileNotFoundExceptione){
- System.out.println(e.getMessage());
- }catch(ParserConfigurationExceptione){
- System.out.println(e.getMessage());
- }catch(SAXExceptione){
- System.out.println(e.getMessage());
- }catch(IOExceptione){
- System.out.println(e.getMessage());
- }
- }
- }
-
2. SAX生成和解析XML文档
为解决DOM的问题,出现了SAX。SAX ,事件驱动。当解析器发现元素开始、元素结束、文本、文档的开始或结束等时,发送事件,程序员编写响应这些事件的代码,保存数据。优点:不用事先调入整个文档,占用资源少;SAX解析器代码比DOM解析器代码小,适于Applet,下载。缺点:不是持久的;事件过后,若没保存数据,那么数据就丢了;无状态性;从事件中只能得到文本,但不知该文本属于哪个元素;使用场合:Applet;只需XML文档的少量内容,很少回头访问;机器内存少;
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- packagecom.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;
- importjava.io.FileInputStream;
- importjava.io.FileNotFoundException;
- importjava.io.IOException;
- importjava.io.InputStream;
- importjavax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
- importjavax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
- importjavax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
- importorg.xml.sax.Attributes;
- importorg.xml.sax.SAXException;
- importorg.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
- /**
- *@authorhongliang.dinghl
- *SAX文档解析
- */
- publicclassSaxDemoimplementsXmlDocument{
- publicvoidcreateXml(StringfileName){
- System.out.println(“<<”+filename+“>>”);
- }
- publicvoidparserXml(StringfileName){
- SAXParserFactorysaxfac=SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
- try{
- SAXParsersaxparser=saxfac.newSAXParser();
- InputStreamis=newFileInputStream(fileName);
- saxparser.parse(is,newMySAXHandler());
- }catch(ParserConfigurationExceptione){
- e.printStackTrace();
- }catch(SAXExceptione){
- e.printStackTrace();
- }catch(FileNotFoundExceptione){
- e.printStackTrace();
- }catch(IOExceptione){
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- classMySAXHandlerextendsDefaultHandler{
- booleanhasAttribute=false;
- Attributesattributes=null;
- publicvoidstartDocument()throwsSAXException{
- System.out.println(“文档开始打印了“);
- }
- publicvoidendDocument()throwsSAXException{
- System.out.println(“文档打印结束了“);
- }
- publicvoidstartElement(Stringuri,StringlocalName,StringqName,
- Attributesattributes)throwsSAXException{
- if(qName.equals(“employees”)){
- return;
- }
- if(qName.equals(“employee”)){
- System.out.println(qName);
- }
- if(attributes.getLength()>0){
- this.attributes=attributes;
- this.hasAttribute=true;
- }
- }
- publicvoidendElement(Stringuri,StringlocalName,StringqName)
- throwsSAXException{
- if(hasAttribute&&(attributes!=null)){
- for(inti=0;i<attributes.getLength();i++){
- System.out.println(attributes.getQName(0)
- +attributes.getValue(0));
- }
- }
- }
- publicvoidcharacters(char[]ch,intstart,intlength)
- throwsSAXException{
- System.out.println(newString(ch,start,length));
- }
- }
3. DOM4J生成和解析XML文档
DOM4J 是一个非常非常优秀的Java XML API,具有性能优异、功能强大和极端易用使用的特点,同时它也是一个开放源代码的软件。如今你可以看到越来越多的 Java 软件都在使用 DOM4J 来读写 XML,特别值得一提的是连 Sun 的 JAXM 也在用 DOM4J。简单易用,采用Java集合框架,并完全支持DOM、SAX和JAXP【优点】①大量使用了Java集合类,方便Java开发人员,同时提供一些提高性能的替代方法。②支持XPath。③有很好的性能。【缺点】①大量使用了接口,API较为复杂。
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- packagecom.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;
- importjava.io.File;
- importjava.io.FileWriter;
- importjava.io.IOException;
- importjava.io.Writer;
- importjava.util.Iterator;
- importorg.dom4j.Document;
- importorg.dom4j.DocumentException;
- importorg.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
- importorg.dom4j.Element;
- importorg.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
- importorg.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;
- /**
- *@authorhongliang.dinghl
- *Dom4j生成XML文档与解析XML文档
- */
- publicclassDom4jDemoimplementsXmlDocument{
- publicvoidcreateXml(StringfileName){
- Documentdocument=DocumentHelper.createDocument();
- Elementemployees=document.addElement(“employees”);
- Elementemployee=employees.addElement(“employee”);
- Elementname=employee.addElement(“name”);
- name.setText(“ddvip”);
- Elementsex=employee.addElement(“sex”);
- sex.setText(“m”);
- Elementage=employee.addElement(“age”);
- age.setText(“29″);
- try{
- WriterfileWriter=newFileWriter(fileName);
- XMLWriterxmlWriter=newXMLWriter(fileWriter);
- xmlWriter.write(document);
- xmlWriter.close();
- }catch(IOExceptione){
- System.out.println(e.getMessage());
- }
- }
- publicvoidparserXml(StringfileName){
- FileinputXml=newFile(fileName);
- SAXReadersaxReader=newSAXReader();
- try{
- Documentdocument=saxReader.read(inputXml);
- Elementemployees=document.getRootElement();
- for(Iteratori=employees.elementIterator();i.hasNext();){
- Elementemployee=(Element)i.next();
- for(Iteratorj=employee.elementIterator();j.hasNext();){
- Elementnode=(Element)j.next();
- System.out.println(node.getName()+“:”+node.getText());
- }
- }
- }catch(DocumentExceptione){
- System.out.println(e.getMessage());
- }
- System.out.println(“dom4jparserXml”);
- }
- }
-
4. JDOM生成和解析XML
为减少DOM、SAX的编码量,出现了JDOM;优点:20-80原则,极大减少了代码量。使用场合:要实现的功能简单,如解析、创建等,但在底层,JDOM还是使用SAX(最常用)、DOM、Xanan文档。【优点】①使用具体类而不是接口,简化了DOM的API。②大量使用了Java集合类,方便了Java开发人员。【缺点】①没有较好的灵活性。②性能较差。
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- packagecom.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;
- importjava.io.FileNotFoundException;
- importjava.io.FileOutputStream;
- importjava.io.IOException;
- importjava.util.List;
- importorg.jdom.Document;
- importorg.jdom.Element;
- importorg.jdom.JDOMException;
- importorg.jdom.input.SAXBuilder;
- importorg.jdom.output.XMLOutputter;
- /**
- *@authorhongliang.dinghl
- *JDOM生成与解析XML文档
- */
- publicclassJDomDemoimplementsXmlDocument{
- publicvoidcreateXml(StringfileName){
- Documentdocument;
- Elementroot;
- root=newElement(“employees”);
- document=newDocument(root);
- Elementemployee=newElement(“employee”);
- root.addContent(employee);
- Elementname=newElement(“name”);
- name.setText(“ddvip”);
- employee.addContent(name);
- Elementsex=newElement(“sex”);
- sex.setText(“m”);
- employee.addContent(sex);
- Elementage=newElement(“age”);
- age.setText(“23″);
- employee.addContent(age);
- XMLOutputterXMLOut=newXMLOutputter();
- try{
- XMLOut.output(document,newFileOutputStream(fileName));
- }catch(FileNotFoundExceptione){
- e.printStackTrace();
- }catch(IOExceptione){
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- publicvoidparserXml(StringfileName){
- SAXBuilderbuilder=newSAXBuilder(false);
- try{
- Documentdocument=builder.build(fileName);
- Elementemployees=document.getRootElement();
- ListemployeeList=employees.getChildren(“employee”);
- for(inti=0;i<employeeList.size();i++){
- Elementemployee=(Element)employeeList.get(i);
- ListemployeeInfo=employee.getChildren();
- for(intj=0;j<employeeInfo.size();j++){
- System.out.println(((Element)employeeInfo.get(j)).getName()+“:”+
- ((Element)employeeInfo.get(j)).getValue());
- }
- }
- }catch(JDOMExceptione){
- e.printStackTrace();
- }catch(IOExceptione){
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- http://wenda.so.com/q/1381541049066825
- http://developer.51cto.com/art/201106/270685_3.htm
- http://bbs.youkuaiyun.com/topics/290027113