常用u-boot命令详解(全)

U-boot发展到现在,他的命令行模式已经非常接近Linux下的shell了,命令行模式模式下支持“Tab”键的命令补全和命令的历史记录功能。而且如果你输入的命令的前几个字符和别的命令不重复,那么你就只需要打这几个字符即可,比如我想看这个U-boot的版本号,命令就是“ version”,但是在所有的命令中没有其他任何一个的命令是由“v”开头的,所以只需要输入“v”即可。

[u-boot@MINI2440]#version

U-Boot 2009.11(4月 04 2010-12:09:25)
[u-boot@MINI2440]#v

U-Boot 2009.11(4月 04 2010-12:09:25)
[u-boot@MINI2440]#base
Base Address:0x00000000
[u-boot@MINI2440]#ba
Base Address:0x00000000


由于U-boot支持的命令实在太多,一个一个细讲不现实,也没有必要。所以下面我挑一些烧写和引导常用命令介绍一下,其他的命令大家就举一反三,或者“help”吧!
(1)获取帮助
命令:help 或 ?
功能:查看当前U-boot版本中支持的所有命令。

[u-boot@MINI2440]#help
?-aliasfor'help'
askenv-get environment variables fromstdin
base-printorsetaddress offset
bdinfo-print Board Info structure
bmp-manipulate BMP image data
boot-bootdefault,i.e.,run'bootcmd'
bootd-bootdefault,i.e.,run'bootcmd'
bootelf-Boot from an ELF image in memory
bootm-boot application image from memory
bootp-boot image via networkusingBOOTP/TFTP protocol
bootvx-Boot vxWorks from an ELF image
cmp-memory compare
coninfo-print console devicesandinformation
cp-memorycopy
crc32-checksum calculation
date-get/set/resetdate&time
dcache-enableordisable data cache
dhcp-boot image via networkusingDHCP/TFTP protocol
echo-echo args to console
editenv-edit environment variable
eeprom-EEPROM sub-system
erase-erase FLASH memory
exit-exitscript
fatinfo-print information about filesystem
fatload-load binaryfilefrom a dos filesystem
fatls-listfiles in a directory(default/)
flinfo-print FLASH memory information
fsinfo-print information about filesystems
fsload-load binaryfilefrom a filesystem image
go-start application at address'addr'
help-print online help
i2c-I2C sub-system
icache-enableordisable instruction cache
iminfo-print header informationforapplication image
imls-listall images found in flash
imxtract-extract a part of a multi-image
itest-returntrue/falseon integer compare
loadb-load binaryfileover serialline(kermit mode)
loads-load S-Recordfileover serialline
loadx-load binaryfileover serialline(xmodem mode)
loady-load binaryfileover serialline(ymodem mode)
loop-infinite loop on address range
ls-listfiles in a directory(default/)
md-memory display
mm-memory modify(auto-incrementing address)
mmc-MMC sub-system
mtest-simple RAMread/writetest
mw-memorywrite(fill)
nand-NAND sub-system
nboot-boot from NAND device
nfs-boot image via networkusingNFS protocol
nm-memory modify(constant address)
ping-sendICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network host
printenv-print environment variables
protect-enableordisable FLASHwriteprotection
rarpboot-boot image via networkusingRARP/TFTP protocol
reginfo-printregisterinformation
reset-PerformRESETof the CPU
run-run commands in an environment variable
saveenv-save environment variables to persistent storage
setenv-setenvironment variables
showvar-print local hushshell variables
sleep-delay executionforsometime
source-run script from memory
test-minimaltestlike/bin/sh
tftpboot-boot image via networkusingTFTP protocol
unzip-unzip a memory region
usb-USB sub-system
usbboot-boot from USB device
version-print monitor version

如果你想获取某条命令的更详细的帮助,可以使用:
help<你想要查的指令>
或者?<你想要查的指令>
甚至 h<你想要查的指令缩写>

以bmp指令为例:

[u-boot@MINI2440]#help bmp
bmp-manipulate BMP image data

Usage:
bmp info<imageAddr>-display image info
bmp display<imageAddr>[x y]-display image at x,y
[u-boot@MINI2440]#?bmp
bmp-manipulate BMP image data

Usage:
bmp info<imageAddr>-display image info
bmp display<imageAddr>[x y]-display image at x,y
[u-boot@MINI2440]#h bm
bmp-manipulate BMP image data

Usage:
bmp info<imageAddr>-display image info
bmp display<imageAddr>[x y]-display image at x,y


(2)环境变量(environment variables,简称ENV)与相关指令
和shell类似,U-Boot也有环境变量。一些U-boot默认的环境变量如下:


bootdelay 执行自动启动(bootcmd中的命令)的等候秒数
baudrate 串口控制台的波特率
netmask 以太网的网络掩码
ethaddr 以太网的MAC地址
bootfile 默认的下载文件名
bootargs 传递给Linux内核的启动参数
bootcmd 自动启动时执行命令
serverip TFTP服务器端的IP地址
ipaddr 本地的IP地址
stdin 标准输入设备,一般是串口
stdout 标准输出,一般是串口,也可是LCDVGA
stderr 标准出错,一般是串口,也可是LCDVGA

要看到你的板上的ENV值可使用printenv命令,例如我的板子:
[u-boot@MINI2440]#printenv
bootargs=noinitrd root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=192.168.0.1:/home/tekkaman/working/nfs/rootfs ip=192.168.0.2:192.168.0.1::255.255.255.0 console=ttySAC0,115200 init=/linuxrc mem=64M
bootcmd=nfs 0x30008000 192.168.0.1:/home/tekkaman/working/nfs/zImage.img;bootm
bootdelay=1
baudrate=115200
ethaddr=08:08:11:18:12:27
ipaddr=192.168.0.2
serverip=192.168.0.1
gatewayip=192.168.0.1
netmask=255.255.255.0
tekkaman=bmp d 70000
stdin=serial
stdout=serial
stderr=serial
ethact=dm9000

Environment size:470/131068 bytes



你会发现有些有的ENV我没有,还有一个“tekkaman”的ENV。原因是如果你没有设置这个环境变量就不会打印出,你也可以自己定义ENV,并在命令中使用${ENV}来调用它。同时你也可以删除这个ENV。设置ENV的命令是setenv,格式为:
setenv name value

第1个参数是环境变量的名称。
第2个参数是要设置的值,如果没有第2个参数,表示删除这个环境变量。

例如:我先将”tekkaman”参数删除,再设置,最后在一个命令串中调用。
[u-boot@MINI2440]#printenv tekkaman
tekkaman=bmp d 70000
[u-boot@MINI2440]#setenv tekkaman
[u-boot@MINI2440]#printenv tekkaman
##Error:"tekkaman"notdefined
[u-boot@MINI2440]#setenv tekkaman echo"I am Tekkaman Ninja!"
[u-boot@MINI2440]#printenv tekkaman
tekkaman=echo I am Tekkaman
[u-boot@MINI2440]#echo I Love Linux;${tekkaman}
I Love Linux
I am Tekkaman

当你设置了ENV,它只保存在内存中,如果你要它保存在存放ENV的固态存储器中,请使用:saveenv。

[u-boot@MINI2440]#saveenv
Saving Environment to NAND...
Erasing Nand...
Erasing at 0x6000000000002--0%complete.
Writing to Nand...done

如果在启动的时候会看到U-boot打印出:“ Warning - bad CRC, using default environment”,说明U-boot没有在存放ENV的固态存储器中找到有效的ENV,只好使用你在编译的时候定义的默认ENV。如果U-boot存放ENV的固态存储器的驱动是OK的,那么只要运行 saveenv就可以把默认ENV写入固态存储器,下次启动就不会有这个警告了。
ENV可以放在许多固体存储器中,对于mini2440来说Nor Flash、Nand Flash或EEPROM都可以,就看你如何配置了(include/configs下的配置文件)。例如:
Nor Flash
#defineCONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH 1
#defineCONFIG_ENV_OFFSET 0X40000
#defineCONFIG_ENV_SIZE 0x20000 /* Total Size of Environment Sector */
Nand Flash:
#defineCONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND 1
#defineCONFIG_ENV_OFFSET 0X40000
#defineCONFIG_ENV_SIZE 0x20000 /* Total Size of Environment Sector */

EEPROM:
#defineCONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_EEPROM 1/* use EEPROM for environment vars */
#defineCONFIG_ENV_OFFSET 0x000/* environment starts at offset 0 */
#defineCONFIG_ENV_SIZE 0x400/* 1KB */


CONFIG_ENV_OFFSET是在整个存储器中的偏移地址;
CONFIG_ENV_SIZE是指其使用的大小。
注意 CONFIG_ENV_OFFSET和 CONFIG_ENV_SIZE 的设置,不要覆盖了其他分区。
四、U-boot的使用(二)

命令:
loadb - load binary file over serial line (kermit mode)
loadx - load binary file over serial line (xmodem mode)
loady - load binary file over serial line (ymodem mode)


功能:以不同的协议从串口获取文件.。
格式基本都为:
load? [ off ] [ baud ]
第1个参数是下载到SDRAM的地址,如果不填,就是用默认配置:CONFIG_SYS_LOAD_ADDR
第2个参数是波特率,一般不填,用默认的115200.


在windows下的超级终端可以用这些协议发送文件,但是在ubuntu下基本只能用kermit协议。一下使用C-kermit来发送一个文件到mini2440。

[u-boot@MINI2440]#loadb
##Readyforbinary(kermit)download to 0x30008000 at 115200 bps...


上面已经启动了U-boot的kermit传输协议,这时按下 Ctrl + \ , 再按 c, 切换到C-kermit的命令行模式,输入命令:send<文件路径>,回车。

[u-boot@MINI2440]#loadb
##Readyforbinary(kermit)download to 0x30008000 at 115200 bps...

(Back at MAGI-Linux)
----------------------------------------------------
C-Kermit 8.0.211,10 Apr 2004,forLinux
Copyright(C)1985,2004,
Trustees of Columbia University in the City ofNewYork.
Type?orHELPforhelp.
(/home/tekkaman/桌面/)C-Kermit>send/home/tekkaman/development/share/zImage.img

C-kermit就开始传送,并且显示一个传送界面,并动态显示传送进度。
C-Kermit 8.0.211,10 Apr 2004,MAGI-Linux

Current Directory:/home/tekkaman/&#65533;&#65533;~L&#65533;~]&#65533;
Communication Device:/dev/ttyUSB0
Communication Speed:115200
Parity:none
RTT/Timeout:01/02
SENDING:/home/tekkaman/development/share/zImage.img=>zImage.img
FileType:BINARY
FileSize:2277540
Percent Done:19
/-

...10...20...30...40...50...60...70...80...90..100
EstimatedTimeLeft:00:03:35
Transfer Rate,CPS:8536
Window Slots:1 of 1
Packet Type:D
PacketCount:557
Packet Length:1000
ErrorCount:0
LastError:
Last Message:

X to cancelfile,Z to cancel group,<CR>to resend last packet,
E tosendErrorpacket,^C to quit immediately,^L to refresh screen.

传送完毕后,输入c ,回到U-boot的串口界面。
[u-boot@MINI2440]#loadb
##Readyforbinary(kermit)download to 0x30008000 at 115200 bps...

(Back at MAGI-Linux)
----------------------------------------------------
C-Kermit 8.0.211,10 Apr 2004,forLinux
Copyright(C)1985,2004,
Trustees of Columbia University in the City ofNewYork.
Type?orHELPforhelp.
(/home/tekkaman/桌面/)C-Kermit>send/home/tekkaman/development/share/zImage.img
(/home/tekkaman/桌面/)C-Kermit>c
Connecting to/dev/ttyUSB0,speed 115200
Escape character:Ctrl-\(ASCII 28,FS):enabled
Type the escape character followed by C to get back,
orfollowed by?to see other options.
----------------------------------------------------
##Total Size=0x0022c0a4=2277540 Bytes
##Start Addr=0x30008000

(4)网络命令

只要你的网卡驱动没问题,那么你就可以通过网络来传输文件到开发板,这可比串口快多了。你可以直接用交叉网线连接开发板和电脑,也可以用普通直连网线连接路由器,再连到电脑,不过记得配置好网络,关闭防火墙哦。
先测试网络是否通了,现在开发板使用ping 命令,看看是否可以ping通电脑:

[u-boot@MINI2440]#ping 192.168.1.100
dm9000 i/o:0x20000300,id:0x90000a46
DM9000:running in 16 bit mode
MAC:08:08:11:18:12:27
operating at 100M full duplex mode
Usingdm9000 device
host 192.168.1.100 is alive

如果出现:
[u-boot@MINI2440]#ping 192.168.1.100
dm9000 i/o:0x20000300,id:0x90000a46
DM9000:running in 16 bit mode
MAC:08:08:11:18:12:27
operating at 100M full duplex mode
Usingdm9000 device
ping failed;host 192.168.1.100 isnotalive

这样无法ping通的事,可能是:
1、U-boot网卡驱动有问题
2、U-boot网络协议延时配置有问题
3、网络参数配置问题,比如IP等,Host和Target都有可能有问题。Host最好关闭IPv6。
实在找不到原因,用Wireshark抓包看看。
如果网络畅通,下面就可以使用下面的命令从tftp目录或者nfs目录下载文件到SDRAM了。
命令:
dhcp - boot image via network using DHCP/TFTP protocol
rarpboot- boot image via network using RARP/TFTP protocol
nfs - boot image via network using NFS protocol
tftpboot- boot image via network using TFTP protocol
bootp - boot image via network using BOOTP/TFTP protocol
这几个命令的格式都是:<指令> [目的SDRAM地址] [[主机IP:]文件名]
注意:
要使用dhcp、rarpboot或 bootp 等功能要路由器或Host的支持。
如果没有输入[目的SDRAM地址],系统就是用编译时定义的CONFIG_SYS_LOAD_ADDR作为目的SDRAM地址
如果tftpboot和nfs命令没有定义[主机IP:],则使用ENV中的serverip
其它命令必需定义[主机IP:],否则会使用提供动态IP服务的主机IP作为[主机IP:]。
使用范例:
[u-boot@MINI2440]#nfs 0x30008000192.168.1.100:/home/tekkaman/development/share/u-boot.bin
dm9000 i/o:0x20000300,id:0x90000a46
DM9000:running in 16 bit mode
MAC:08:08:11:18:12:27
operating at 100M full duplex mode
Usingdm9000 device
Filetransfer via NFS from server 192.168.1.100;our IP address is 192.168.1.101
Filename'/home/tekkaman/development/share/u-boot.bin'.
Load address:0x30008000
Loading:###################################################
done
Bytes transferred=256220(3e8dchex)
[u-boot@MINI2440]#tftp u-boot.bin
dm9000 i/o:0x20000300,id:0x90000a46
DM9000:running in 16 bit mode
MAC:08:08:11:18:12:27
operating at 100M full duplex mode
Usingdm9000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.1.100;our IP address is 192.168.1.101
Filename'u-boot.bin'.
Load address:0x30008000
Loading:T##################
done
Bytes transferred=256220(3e8dchex)
[u-boot@MINI2440]#dhcp 192.168.1.100:u-boot.bin
dm9000 i/o:0x20000300,id:0x90000a46
DM9000:running in 16 bit mode
MAC:08:08:11:18:12:27
operating at 100M full duplex mode
BOOTP broadcast 1
BOOTP broadcast 2
DHCP client bound to address 192.168.1.101
Usingdm9000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.1.100;our IP address is 192.168.1.101
Filename'u-boot.bin'.
Load address:0x30008000
Loading:##################
done
Bytes transferred=256220(3e8dchex)
[u-boot@MINI2440]#bootp 192.168.1.100:u-boot.bin
dm9000 i/o:0x20000300,id:0x90000a46
DM9000:running in 16 bit mode
MAC:08:08:11:18:12:27
operating at 100M full duplex mode
BOOTP broadcast 1
BOOTP broadcast 2
DHCP client bound to address 192.168.1.101
Usingdm9000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.1.100;our IP address is 192.168.1.101
Filename'u-boot.bin'.
Load address:0x30008000
Loading:##################
done
Bytes transferred=256220(3e8dchex)
[u-boot@MINI2440]#rarpboot 192.168.1.100:u-boot.bin

我的路由器没有开rarp协议,所以rarpboot 无法使用,要使用dhcp或 bootp 也是要路由或Host支持的。

(5)Nand Flash操作指令

常用的Nand Flash指令如下:

指令

功能

nand info显示可使用的Nand Flash
nand device [dev]显示或设定当前使用的Nand Flash
nand read
addr off
size
Nand Flash读取命令,从Nandoff偏移地址处读取size字节的数据到SDRAMaddr地址。
nand write
addr off
size
Nand Flash烧写命令,将SDRAMaddr地址处的size字节的数据烧写到Nandoff偏移地址。
nand write[.yaffs[1]]
addr off size
烧写yaffs映像专用的命令,.yaffs1 for 512+16 NAND
nand erase [clean] [off size]Nand Flash檫除命令,擦除Nand Flashoff偏移地址处的size字节的数据
nand bad显示Nand Flash的坏块
nand dump[.oob] off显示Nand Flash中的数据(16进制)
nand scrub彻底擦除整块Nand Flash中的数据,包括OOB。可以擦除软件坏块标志。
nand markbad off标示Nandoff偏移地址处的块为坏块

使用范例:
[u-boot@MINI2440]#nand info

Device 0:NAND 128MiB 3,3V 8-bit,sector size 128 KiB
[u-boot@MINI2440]#nand device 0
Device 0:NAND 128MiB 3,3V 8-bit...is now current device
[u-boot@MINI2440]#nandread0x30008000 0x60000 200000

NANDread:device 0 offset 0x60000,size 0x200000
2097152 bytesread:OK
[u-boot@MINI2440]#nand bad

Device 0 bad blocks:
030a0000
030c0000
030e0000
07ee0000
[u-boot@MINI2440]#nand markbad 0x500000
block 0x00500000 successfully marked as bad
[u-boot@MINI2440]#nand bad

Device 0 bad blocks:
00500000
030a0000
030c0000
030e0000
07ee0000
[u-boot@MINI2440]#nand scrub

NAND scrub:device 0 whole chip
Warning:scrub option will erase all factorysetbad
There is no reliable way to recover them.
Usethiscommand onlyfortesting purposesifyou
are sure ofwhatyou are

Really scrubthisNAND flash?<y/N>
Erasing at 0x2f4000008000000--0%complete.
NAND 128MiB 3,3V 8-bit:MTD Erase failure:-5

NAND 128MiB 3,3V 8-bit:MTD Erase failure:-5

NAND 128MiB 3,3V 8-bit:MTD Erase failure:-5
Erasing at 0x7ea000008000000--0%complete.
NAND 128MiB 3,3V 8-bit:MTD Erase failure:-5
Erasing at 0x7fe000008000000--0%complete.
OK
[u-boot@MINI2440]#nand bad

Device 0 bad blocks:
030a0000
030c0000
030e0000
07ee0000
[u-boot@MINI2440]#nand dump 0x8000
Page 00008000 dump:
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
()
OOB:
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
[u-boot@MINI2440]#tftp u-boot.bin
dm9000 i/o:0x20000300,id:0x90000a46
DM9000:running in 16 bit mode
MAC:08:08:11:18:12:27
operating at 100M full duplex mode
Usingdm9000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.1.100;our IP address is 192.168.1.101
Filename'u-boot.bin'.
Load address:0x30008000
Loading:T##################
done
Bytes transferred=256220(3e8dchex)
[u-boot@MINI2440]#nandwrite0x30008000 0 40000

NANDwrite:device 0 offset 0x0,size 0x40000
Writing at 0x2000000020000--100%is complete.262144 bytes written:OK
[u-boot@MINI2440]#nand dump 0x8000
Page 00008000 dump:
00 00 53 e1 01 00 00 2a 15 40 e0 e3 19 00 00 ea
()
60 30 97 e5 03 00 54 e1 f6 ff ff ba 00 40 a0 e3
OOB:
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
65 a9 6b f3 ff 33 fc 30
f3 33 cf 33 0f f0 ff 00
cc 0f 59 55 57 96 a5 5b


nboot 指令也是一条Nand Flash 读取指令,它是将Nand Flash 的 offset 偏移地址的内核映像读取到SDRAM的loadAddr位置。它会自动读取到内核映像(使用mkimage处理过的)的结束,所以不用给出读取大小。
格式:nbootloadAddrdevoffset
使用范例:
[u-boot@MINI2440]#tftp 192.168.1.100:zImage.img
dm9000 i/o:0x20000300,id:0x90000a46
DM9000:running in 16 bit mode
MAC:08:08:11:18:12:27
operating at 100M full duplex mode
Usingdm9000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.1.100;our IP address is 192.168.1.101
Filename'zImage.img'.
Load address:0x30008000
Loading:T#################################################################
#################################################################
##########################
done
Bytes transferred=2277540(22c0a4hex)
[u-boot@MINI2440]#nand erase 0x100000 300000

NAND erase:device 0 offset 0x100000,size 0x300000
Erasing at 0x3e000001800000--0%complete.
OK
[u-boot@MINI2440]#nandwrite0x30008000 0x100000 300000

NANDwrite:device 0 offset 0x100000,size 0x300000
Writing at 0x3e000000020000--100%is complete.3145728 bytes written:OK
[u-boot@MINI2440]#nand device 0
Device 0:NAND 128MiB 3,3V 8-bit...is now current device
[u-boot@MINI2440]#nboot 30008000 0 0x100000

Loading from NAND 128MiB 3,3V 8-bit,offset 0x100000
Image Name:tekkaman
Created:2010-03-29 12:59:51 UTC
Image Type:ARM Linux Kernel Image(uncompressed)
Data Size:2277476 Bytes=2.2 MB
Load Address:30008000
Entry Point:30008040

[u-boot@MINI2440]#bootm 30008000
##Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 30008000...
Image Name:tekkaman
Created:2010-03-29 12:59:51 UTC
Image Type:ARM Linux Kernel Image(uncompressed)
Data Size:2277476 Bytes=2.2 MB
Load Address:30008000
Entry Point:30008040
Verifying Checksum...OK
XIP Kernel Image...OK
OK

Starting kernel...

Uncompressing Linux...done,booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.33.1(tekkaman@MAGI-Linux)(gcc version 4.3.2(crosstool-NG-1.6.1-tekkaman))#5 Mon Mar 29 20:58:50 CST 2010
CPU:ARM920T[41129200]revision 0(ARMv4T),cr=c0007177
CPU:VIVT data cache,VIVT instruction cache
Machine:MINI2440
(略)


四、U-boot的使用(三)

(6) 内存/寄存器操作指令

nm 修改内存值 (指定地址)
格式: nm [.b, .w, .l] address


mm 修改内存值(地址自动加一)
格式:mm [.b, .w, .l] address


md 显示内存值
格式:md [.b, .w, .l] address [# of objects]


mw 用指定的数据填充内存
格式:mw [.b, .w, .l] address value [count]


cp 内存的拷贝(包括内存与Nor Flash间的数据拷贝)
格式:cp [.b, .w, .l] source target count


上面是查看和修改内存值的指令,可以查看和修改SDRAM和寄存器值。
[.b, .w, .l]代表了查看和修改形式:bit、word、long
使用范例:


[u-boot@MINI2440]#md.b 0x30008000 20
30008000:cc 33 fe 33 cc b3 4c 33 ac 33 de 33 5c 13 cc 33.3.3..L3.3.3\..3
30008010:cc 32 cc 31 dc 33 cf 33 cc 33 4e 33 8f 13 cc 33.2.1.3.3.3N3...3
[u-boot@MINI2440]#md.w 0x30008000 20
30008000:33cc 33fe b3cc 334c 33ac 33de 135c 33cc.3.3..L3.3.3\..3
30008010:32cc 31cc 33dc 33cf 33cc 334e 138f 33cc.2.1.3.3.3N3...3
30008020:338c 33cd 33cc 7bcc 3bcc 33cc 135e 734c.3.3.3.{.;.3^.Ls
30008030:7bdc 37cc 31dc 33c4 038c 33e8 77cc 13cc.{.7.1.3...3.w..
[u-boot@MINI2440]#md.l 0x30008000 20
30008000:33fe33cc 334cb3cc 33de33ac 33cc135c.3.3..L3.3.3\..3
30008010:31cc32cc 33cf33dc 334e33cc 33cc138f.2.1.3.3.3N3...3
30008020:33cd338c 7bcc33cc 33cc3bcc 734c135e.3.3.3.{.;.3^.Ls
30008030:37cc7bdc 33c431dc 33e8038c 13cc77cc.{.7.1.3...3.w..
30008040:234c77ce 33dc339c 33ec3ece f3cc36ec.wL#.3.3.>.3.6..
30008050:37dc33cc 73cc3f5c 17dd314c 33cc62e8.3.7\?.sL1...b.3
30008060:b6cc33dc 33c233cc 33cc32cc 33cc3f68.3...3.3.2.3h?.3
30008070:73cc31cc b3cc33cc 33cc37c9 33df13cc.1.s.3...7.3...3
[u-boot@MINI2440]#nm 0x30008000
30008000:33fe33cc?12345678
30008000:12345678?34567890
30008000:34567890?q
[u-boot@MINI2440]#nm.b 0x30008000
30008000:90?11
30008000:11?12
30008000:12?q
[u-boot@MINI2440]#mm 0x30008000
30008000:34567812?54321123
30008004:334cb3cc?12345678
30008008:33de33ac?21234543
3000800c:33cc135c?q
[u-boot@MINI2440]#md.b 0x30008000 20
30008000:23 11 32 54 78 56 34 12 43 45 23 21 5c 13 cc 33#.2TxV4.CE#!\..3
30008010:cc 32 cc 31 dc 33 cf 33 cc 33 4e 33 8f 13 cc 33.2.1.3.3.3N3...3
[u-boot@MINI2440]#mw.b 0x30008000 aa 10
[u-boot@MINI2440]#mw.b 0x30008010 55 10
[u-boot@MINI2440]#md.b 0x30008000 20
30008000:aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa................
30008010:55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
[u-boot@MINI2440]#cp.b 0x30008000 0x30008010 10
[u-boot@MINI2440]#md.b 0x30008000 20
30008000:aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa................
30008010:aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa................


你可以试着修改LED相连的GPIO寄存器的数据寄存器值,可以控制LED的点亮!
先熄灭后点亮LED1的范例:(这个实验要结合芯片数据手册和mini2440的原理图来理解)
[u-boot@MINI2440]#md 0x56000014 1
56000014:00000600....
[u-boot@MINI2440]#nm.w 0x56000014
56000014:0600?620(熄灭)
56000014:0620?600(点亮)


(7) Nor Flash指令

Nor Flash 的命令经常用于烧写数据到Nor Flash 。

flinfo打印Flash存储器的信息,并列出所有Sector。
flinfoN 单独打Flash存储器N Block的信息。(在有多块Nor Flash时使用)

使用范例:
[u-boot@MINI2440]#flinfo

Bank#1:SST:1x SST39VF1601(2MB)
Size:2 MB in 32 Sectors
Sector Start Addresses:
00000000(RO)00010000(RO)00020000(RO)00030000(RO)00040000
00050000 00060000(RO)00070000(RO)00080000 00090000
000A0000 000B0000 000C0000 000D0000 000E0000
000F0000 00100000 00110000 00120000 00130000
00140000 00150000 00160000 00170000 00180000
00190000 001A0000 001B0000 001C0000 001D0000
001E0000 001F0000
[u-boot@MINI2440]#flinfo 1

Bank#1:SST:1x SST39VF1601(2MB)
Size:2 MB in 32 Sectors
Sector Start Addresses:
00000000(RO)00010000(RO)00020000(RO)00030000(RO)00040000
00050000 00060000(RO)00070000(RO)00080000 00090000
000A0000 000B0000 000C0000 000D0000 000E0000
000F0000 00100000 00110000 00120000 00130000
00140000 00150000 00160000 00170000 00180000
00190000 001A0000 001B0000 001C0000 001D0000
001E0000 001F0000
[u-boot@MINI2440]#flinfo 2
Only FLASH Banks#1...#1 supported


后面带有(RO)的说明这个Sector已经写保护了。

因为Nor Flash的读取接口和SDRAM是一样的,所以Nor Flash的读取也是使用md命令。范例如下:
[u-boot@MINI2440]#md.b 0x0 20
00000000:12 00 00 ea 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5................
00000010:14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5................
[u-boot@MINI2440]#md 0x0 20
00000000:ea000012 e59ff014 e59ff014 e59ff014................
00000010:e59ff014 e59ff014 e59ff014 e59ff014................
00000020:33f80260 33f802c0 33f80320 33f80380 `..3...3..3...3
00000030:33f803e0 33f80440 33f804a0 deadbeef...3@..3...3....
00000040:33f80000 33f80000 33fbe8dc 3400374c...3...3...3L7.4
00000050:e10f0000 e3c0001f e38000d3 e129f000..............).
00000060:e3a00453 e3a01000 e5801000 e3e01000 S...............
00000070:e59f0488 e5801000 e59f1484 e59f0484................



但由于Nor Flash的烧写时序和SDRAM的写入不同,烧写NorFlash 不能使用mm等命令,只能使用cp命令从内存拷贝到Nor Flash,而且 烧写之前必须解除保护并擦除!命令如下:

protect :对Flash 写保护的操作,可以使能和解除写保护。
格式:
protect on/off start end
protect on/off start +end
protect on/off N:SF[-SL]
protect on/off bank N
protect on/off all


第1 个参数on 代表使能写保护;off 代表解除写保护。
第2 、3 参数是指定Flash 写保护操作范围


start end是照起始地址和结束地址定义范围,start是擦除块的起始地址;end 是擦除末尾块的结束地址。
例如:擦除Sector 2和Sector 3区域命令为erase 20000 3ffff 。

start +end是照起始地址和操作字节数定义范围,这种方式最常用。start是擦除块的起始地址;end 是擦除的字节数。
例如:擦除Sector 2和Sector 3区域命令为erase 20000+20000

N:SF[-SL]是按照组和扇区,N 表示Flash 的Block号,SF 表示擦除起始Sector号,SL 表示擦除结束Sector号。
例如:擦除Block1 的Sector 2和Sector 3区域命令为erase 1:2-3。

bank N是擦除整个Block,擦除Block号为N 的整个Flash。

all是擦除全部Flash。

注意:Nor Flash擦除的最小单位是Sector,也就是0x10000字节,如果你定义的大小不满1 Sector或超过Sector的边界,那么被定义到的Sector会被全部擦除。
erase:擦除Flash的命令
格式:
erase start end
erase start +end
erase N:SF[-SL]
erase bank N
erase all
参数是指定Flash 擦除操作范围,跟写保护的方式相同。


以下的范例将mini2440的Nor Flash的Sector 16写保护,再解除保护,擦除数据,最后将起始的20字节拷贝到Sector 16。

[u-boot@MINI2440]#flinfo 1

Bank#1:SST:1x SST39VF1601(2MB)
Size:2 MB in 32 Sectors
Sector Start Addresses:
00000000(RO)00010000(RO)00020000(RO)00030000(RO)00040000
00050000 00060000(RO)00070000(RO)00080000 00090000
000A0000 000B0000 000C0000 000D0000 000E0000
000F0000 00100000 00110000 00120000 00130000
00140000 00150000 00160000 00170000 00180000
00190000 001A0000 001B0000 001C0000 001D0000
001E0000 001F0000
[u-boot@MINI2440]#protect on 1:16-16
Protect Flash Sectors 16-16 in Bank#1
[u-boot@MINI2440]#flinfo 1

Bank#1:SST:1x SST39VF1601(2MB)
Size:2 MB in 32 Sectors
Sector Start Addresses:
00000000(RO)00010000(RO)00020000(RO)00030000(RO)00040000
00050000 00060000(RO)00070000(RO)00080000 00090000
000A0000 000B0000 000C0000 000D0000 000E0000
000F0000 00100000(RO)00110000 00120000 00130000
00140000 00150000 00160000 00170000 00180000
00190000 001A0000 001B0000 001C0000 001D0000
001E0000 001F0000
[u-boot@MINI2440]#protect off 0x100000 0x10ffff
Un-Protect Flash Sectors 16-16 in Bank#1
[u-boot@MINI2440]#flinfo 1

Bank#1:SST:1x SST39VF1601(2MB)
Size:2 MB in 32 Sectors
Sector Start Addresses:
00000000(RO)00010000(RO)00020000(RO)00030000(RO)00040000
00050000 00060000(RO)00070000(RO)00080000 00090000
000A0000 000B0000 000C0000 000D0000 000E0000
000F0000 00100000 00110000 00120000 00130000
00140000 00150000 00160000 00170000 00180000
00190000 001A0000 001B0000 001C0000 001D0000
001E0000 001F0000
[u-boot@MINI2440]#erase 0x100000+20
Erasing sector 16...ok.
Erased 1 sectors
[u-boot@MINI2440]#cp.b 0x0 0x100000 0x20
Copyto Flash...done
[u-boot@MINI2440]#md.b 100000 20
00100000:12 00 00 ea 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5................
00100010:14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5................


(8) USB 操作指令


指令

功能

usb reset初始化USB控制器
usb stop [f]关闭USB控制器
usb tree已连接的USB设备树
usb info [dev]显示USB设备[dev]的信息
usb storage显示已连接的USB存储设备
usb dev [dev]显示和设置当前USB存储设备
usb part [dev]显示USB存储设备[dev]的分区信息
usb read addr blk# cnt读取USB存储设备数据


在所有的命令使用前,必须先插入USB设备,然后使用:usb reset,以初始化USB控制器,获取设备信息。

我将一个4G的kingstonU盘(可引导盘)插入 mini2440,然后读取他的头512 字节(MBR):
[u-boot@MINI2440]#usbreset
(Re)start USB...
USB:scanning busfordevices...2 USB Device(s)found
scanning busforstorage devices...1 Storage Device(s)found
[u-boot@MINI2440]#usb tree

Device Tree:
1 Hub(12 Mb/s,0mA)
|OHCI Root Hub
|
+-2 Mass Storage(12 Mb/s,100mA)
Kingston DT 101 II 0019E02CB6EB5B8B1B120051

[u-boot@MINI2440]#usb info
1:Hub,USB Revision 1.10
-OHCI Root Hub
-Class:Hub
-PacketSize:8 Configurations:1
-Vendor:0x0000 Product 0x0000 Version 0.0
Configuration:1
-Interfaces:1 Self Powered 0mA
Interface:0
-Alternate Setting 0,Endpoints:1
-ClassHub
-Endpoint 1 In Interrupt MaxPacket 2 Interval 255ms

2:Mass Storage,USB Revision 2.0
-Kingston DT 101 II 0019E02CB6EB5B8B1B120051
-Class:(from Interface)Mass Storage
-PacketSize:64 Configurations:1
-Vendor:0x0951 Product 0x1613 Version 1.0
Configuration:1
-Interfaces:1 Bus Powered 100mA
Interface:0
-Alternate Setting 0,Endpoints:2
-ClassMass Storage,Transp.SCSI,Bulk only
-Endpoint 1 In Bulk MaxPacket 64
-Endpoint 2 Out Bulk MaxPacket 64

[u-boot@MINI2440]#usb storage
Device 0:Vendor:Kingston Rev:PMAP Prod:DT 101 II
Type:Removable Hard Disk
Capacity:3875.0 MB=3.7 GB(7936000 x 512)
[u-boot@MINI2440]#usb dev 0

USB device 0:
Device 0:Vendor:Kingston Rev:PMAP Prod:DT 101 II
Type:Removable Hard Disk
Capacity:3875.0 MB=3.7 GB(7936000 x 512)
...is now current device
[u-boot@MINI2440]#usb part 0
print_part of 0

PartitionMapforUSB device 0--PartitionType:DOS

PartitionStart Sector Num Sectors Type
4 63 7935937 c
[u-boot@MINI2440]#usbread0x30008000 0 200

USBread:device 0 block#0,count512............................
512 blocksread:OK
[u-boot@MINI2440]#md.b 0x30008000 200

30008000: fa 31 c0 8e d8 8e c0 8e d0 bc 00 7c fb fc 89 e6
.1.........|....

30008010: bf 00 06 b9 00 01 f3 a5 ea dc 06 00 00 10 00 01
................

30008020: 00 00 7c 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 3f 00
..|...........?.

30008030: ff 00 ed 01 1e 0e 1f 3a 16 10 00 74 06 1f ea 36
.......:...t...6

30008040: e7 00 f0 3d fb 54 75 05 8c d8 fb eb 1d 80 fc 08
...=.Tu.........

30008050: 75 1b e8 81 00 8a 36 13 00 fe ce 8b 0e 15 00 86
u.....6.........

30008060: cd c0 e1 06 0a 0e 11 00 31 c0 f8 eb 65 80 fc 02
........1...e...

30008070: 72 cb 80 fc 04 77 c6 60 80 cc 40 50 be 00 00 c7
r....w.`..@P....

30008080: 04 10 00 30 e4 89 44 02 89 5c 04 8c 44 06 66 31
...0..D..\..D.f1

30008090: c0 66 89 44 0c 88 f0 f6 26 11 00 88 cf 88 eb c0
.f.D....&.......

300080a0: ef 06 81 e1 3f 00 01 c8 48 89 c7 a1 13 00 f7 26
....?...H......&

300080b0: 11 00 f7 e3 01 f8 81 d2 00 00 89 44 08 89 54 0a
...........D..T.

300080c0: 58 30 c0 8a 16 10 00 e8 0c 00 88 26 03 00 61 a1
X0.........&..a.

300080d0: 02 00 1f ca 02 00 9c ff 1e 22 00 c3 80 fa 8f 7f
........."......

300080e0: 04 88 16 2d 06 be 87 07 e8 8d 00 be be 07 31 c0
...-..........1.

300080f0: b9 04 00 f6 04 80 74 03 40 89 f5 81 c6 10 00 e2
......t.@.......

30008100: f2 48 74 02 cd 18 bf 05 00 be 1d 06 c7 44 02 01
.Ht..........D..

30008110: 00 66 8b 46 08 66 89 44 08 b8 00 42 8a 16 2d 06
.f.F.f.D...B..-.

30008120: cd 13 73 0d 4f 74 49 30 e4 8a 16 2d 06 cd 13 eb
..s.OtI0...-....

30008130: d8 a1 fe 7d 3d 55 aa 75 37 fa 66 a1 4c 00 66 a3
...}=U.u7.f.L.f.

30008140: 3f 06 be 13 04 8b 04 48 89 04 c1 e0 06 8e c0 31
?......H.......1

30008150: ff be 1d 06 b9 60 00 fc f3 a5 c7 06 4c 00 17 00
.....`......L...

30008160: a3 4e 00 fb 8a 16 2d 06 89 ee fa ea 00 7c 00 00
.N....-......|..

30008170: be aa 07 e8 02 00 eb fe ac 20 c0 74 09 b4 0e bb
......... .t....

30008180: 07 00 cd 10 eb f2 c3 53 74 61 72 74 20 62 6f 6f
.......Start boo

30008190: 74 69 6e 67 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 55 53 42 20 64 65
ting from USB de

300081a0: 76 69 63 65 2e 2e 2e 0d 0a 00 42 6f 6f 74 20 66
vice......Boot f

300081b0: 61 69 6c 65 64 00 00 00 ea eb d4 ca 00 00 00 00
ailed...........

300081c0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
................

300081d0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
................

300081e0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 01
................

300081f0: 01 00 0c fe 7f ec 3f 00 00 00 c1 17 79 00 55 aa
......?.....y.U.


(9) SD卡(MMC)指令


SD卡的使用命令比较简单,只有初始化和设备信息的显示,读写是通过文件系统命令实现的。
mmc init [dev] - 初始化MMC子系统
mmc device [dev] - 查看和设置当前设备
使用和USB类似, 在所有的命令使用前,必须先插入SD卡,然后使用:mmc init,以初始化MMC 控制器,获取设备信息。
我在mini2440中插入1GB SD卡:

[u-boot@MINI2440]#mmc init
mmc:ProbingforSDHC...
mmc:SD 2.0orlater card found
trying to detect SD Card...
Manufacturer:0x00,OEM"roduct name: "
", revision 0.0

Serial number:
7864775

Manufacturing date: 11/2006
CRC:
0x4f, b0 = 1

READ_BL_LEN=6, C_SIZE_MULT=7, C_SIZE=4095
size = 0
SD Card detected RCA: 0x2 type: SD
mmc1is available
[u-boot@MINI2440]#mmc device
mmc1is current device


(10) FAT文件系统指令

fatinfo:显示文件系统的相关信息
格式:fatinfo <interface> <dev[:part]>
Interface:代表接口,如usb、mmc;
dev:代表设备编号,如0、1……;
part:代表存储设备中的分区,如1、2……。

fatload:从FAT32文件系统中读取二进制文件到SDRAM。
格式:fatload <interface> <dev[:part]><addr> <filename> [bytes]
Interface、dev和part同上;
addr:代表写入SDRAM的地址;
filename:代表存储设备中的文件名;
bytes:代表从存储设备中读取的文件大小,可不填;如果填的数据比文件小,就只读取bytes字节,如果填的数据比文件大,也只读取文件的大小。

fatls:列出FAT32文件系统中目录里的文件。
格式:fatls <interface> <dev[:part]> [directory]
Interface、dev和part同上;
directoryr:代表所要查看的目录,可不填,默认为/。

这些指令基本上要和U盘或者SD卡同时使用,主要用于读取这些移动存储器上的FAT32分区。
使用范例:

[u-boot@MINI2440]#usb part 0
print_part of 0

PartitionMapforUSB device 0--PartitionType:DOS

PartitionStart Sector Num Sectors Type
4 63 7935937 c
[u-boot@MINI2440]#fatinfo usb 0:4
Interface:USB
Device 0:Vendor:Kingston Rev:PMAP Prod:DT 101 II
Type:Removable Hard Disk
Capacity:3875.0 MB=3.7 GB(7936000 x 512)
Partition4:Filesystem:FAT32"7600_16385_"
[u-boot@MINI2440]#fatls usb 0:4
boot/
efi/
sources/
support/
upgrade/
43 autorun.inf
383562 bootmgr
111880 setup.exe
256220 u-boot.bin

4file(s),5 dir(s)

[u-boot@MINI2440]#fatls usb 0:4/boot/
./
../
fonts/
zh-cn/
262144 bcd
3170304 boot.sdi
1024 bootfix.bin
97280 bootsect.exe
4096 etfsboot.com
485440 memtest.exe

6file(s),4 dir(s)
[u-boot@MINI2440]#fatload usb 0:4 0x30008000 u-boot.bin
reading u-boot.bin
........................

256220 bytesread
[u-boot@MINI2440]#fatload usb 0:4 0x30008000 u-boot.bin 200
reading u-boot.bin

512 bytesread

(11) 系统引导指令

boot和bootd都是运行ENV”bootcmd”中指定的指令。

bootm 指令是专门用于启动在SDRAM中的用U-boot的mkimage工具处理过的内核映像。
格式:bootm [addr [arg ...]]
addr 是内核映像所在的SDRAM中的地址
当启动的是Linux内核时,'arg' 可以使 initrd 的地址。

[u-boot@MINI2440]#setenv bootcmd tftp\;bootm
[u-boot@MINI2440]#saveenv
Saving Environment to NAND...
Erasing Nand...
Erasing at 0x6000000000002--0%complete.
Writing to Nand...done
[u-boot@MINI2440]#boot
dm9000 i/o:0x20000300,id:0x90000a46
DM9000:running in 16 bit mode
MAC:08:08:11:18:12:27
operating at 100M full duplex mode
Usingdm9000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.1.100;our IP address is 192.168.1.101
Filename'zImage.img'.
Load address:0x30008000
Loading:T#################################################################
#################################################################
##########################
done
Bytes transferred=2277540(22c0a4hex)
##Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 30008000...
Image Name:tekkaman
Created:2010-03-29 12:59:51 UTC
Image Type:ARM Linux Kernel Image(uncompressed)
Data Size:2277476 Bytes=2.2 MB
Load Address:30008000
Entry Point:30008040
Verifying Checksum...OK
XIP Kernel Image...OK
OK

Starting kernel...

Uncompressing Linux...done,booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.33.1(tekkaman@MAGI-Linux)(gcc version 4.3.2(crosstool-NG-1.6.1-tekkaman))#5 Mon Mar 29 20:58:50 CST 2010
CPU:ARM920T[41129200]revision 0(ARMv4T),cr=c0007177
CPU:VIVT data cache,VIVT instruction cache
Machine:MINI2440
(略)


U-Boot 2009.11(4月 04 2010-12:09:25)

modified by tekkamanninja(tekkamanninja@163.com)
Love Linux

I2C:ready
DRAM:64 MB
Flash:2 MB
NAND:128 MiB
Video:240x320x16 20kHz 62Hz
In:serial
Out:serial
Err:serial
Net:dm9000
U-Boot 2009.11(4月 04 2010-12:09:25)
modified by tekkamanninja
(tekkamanninja@163.com)
Love Linux
Hitanykey to stop autoboot:0
[u-boot@MINI2440]#bootd
dm9000 i/o:0x20000300,id:0x90000a46
DM9000:running in 16 bit mode
MAC:08:08:11:18:12:27
operating at 100M full duplex mode
Usingdm9000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.1.100;our IP address is 192.168.1.101
Filename'zImage.img'.
Load address:0x30008000
Loading:T#################################################################
#################################################################
##########################
done
Bytes transferred=2277540(22c0a4hex)
##Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 30008000...
Image Name:tekkaman
Created:2010-03-29 12:59:51 UTC
Image Type:ARM Linux Kernel Image(uncompressed)
Data Size:2277476 Bytes=2.2 MB
Load Address:30008000
Entry Point:30008040
Verifying Checksum...OK
XIP Kernel Image...OK
OK

Starting kernel...
(略)


12)EEPROM 读写指令eeprom- I2C 接口的EEPROM 读写指令
格式:
eeprom readaddr off cnt
eeprom write addr off cnt
第一个参数addr 是要写入或读出的数据在SDRAM中的存放地址;
第二个参数off 是在EEPROM中的偏移;
第三个参数cnt 是读写的数据字节数。
使用范例:
[u-boot@MINI2440]#md.b 0x30008000 2
30008000:aa aa..
[u-boot@MINI2440]#eepromread0x30008000 10 2

EEPROM @0x50read:addr 30008000 off 0010count2...done
[u-boot@MINI2440]#md.b 0x30008000 2
30008000:ff ff..
[u-boot@MINI2440]#mm.b 0x30008000
30008000:ff?aa
30008001:ff?55
30008002:aa?q
[u-boot@MINI2440]#md.b 0x30008000 2
30008000:aa 55.U
[u-boot@MINI2440]#eepromwrite0x30008000 10 2

EEPROM @0x50write:addr 30008000 off 0010count2...done
[u-boot@MINI2440]#eepromread0x30008010 10 2

EEPROM @0x50read:addr 30008010 off 0010count2...done
[u-boot@MINI2440]#md.b 0x30008010 2
30008010:aa 55.U


(13)设置和读取RTC指令

date - 设置和读取RTC
格式:
date [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
MM:月份
DD:日期
hh:小时
mm 分钟
CC:年份的前两个数字
YY:年份的后两个数字
ss:秒数
使用范例:
[u-boot@MINI2440]#date
Date:1980-00-06(Thursday)Time:20:30:25
[u-boot@MINI2440]#date 041100582010.20
Date:2010-04-11(Sunday)Time:0:58:20

(14)脚本运行指令

run var [...]
var :ENV中的脚本名
使用范例:
[u-boot@MINI2440]#setenv a_run_test echo $bootfile \;version
[u-boot@MINI2440]#run a_run_test
zImage.img

U-Boot 2009.11(4&aelig;&#339;&#710;04 2010-12:09:25)

(15)系统重启指令

reset
-
重启CPU

[u-boot@MINI2440]#reset
resetting...


U-Boot 2009.11(4&aelig;&#339;&#710;04 2010-12:09:25)

modified by tekkamanninja(tekkamanninja@163.com)
Love Linux

I2C:ready
DRAM:64 MB
Flash:2 MB
NAND:128 MiB
Video:240x320x16 20kHz 62Hz
In:serial
Out:serial
Err:serial
Net:dm9000
U-Boot 2009.11(4&aelig;&#339;&#710;04 2010-12:09:25)
modified by tekkamanninja
(tekkamanninja@163.com)
Love Linux
Hitanykey to stop autoboot:0
[u-boot@MINI2440]#



四、U-boot的使用(四)

下载与烧写

使用U-boot将映像文件烧写到板上的Flash,一般步骤是:
(1)通过网络、串口、U盘、SD卡等方式将文件传输到SDRAM;
(2)使用Nand Flash或Nor Flash相关的读写命令将SDRAM中的数据烧入Flash。

下面是烧写范例:
如果使用 SD卡和U盘形式更新U-boot,那么首先SD卡和U盘中必须有FAT32文件系统,并在里面存放了u-boot.bin 文件。
1) 通过SD卡烧入Nand Flash:
[u-boot@MINI2440]#mmc init
mmc: Probing for SDHC ...
mmc: SD 2.0 or later card found
trying to detect SD Card...
Manufacturer:
0x00, OEM "roduct name:
"
", revision 0.0

Serial number:
7864775

Manufacturing date: 11/2006
CRC:
0x4f, b0 = 1

READ_BL_LEN=6, C_SIZE_MULT=7, C_SIZE=4095
size = 0
SD Card detected RCA: 0x2 type: SD
mmc1is available
[u-boot@MINI2440]#fatload mmc 1 0x30008000 u-boot.bin
reading u-boot.bin

256220 bytes read
[u-boot@MINI2440]#nand erase 0 0x40000

NAND erase: device 0 offset 0x0, size 0x40000
Erasing at 0x2000000000004 --
0% complete.

OK
[u-boot@MINI2440]#nand write 0x30008000 0 0x40000

NAND write: device 0 offset 0x0, size 0x40000
Writing at 0x2000000020000 -- 100% is complete. 262144 bytes written: OK

2) 通过U盘烧入Nor Flash:
[u-boot@MINI2440]#usb start
(Re)start USB...
USB:
scanning bus for devices... 2 USB Device(s) found


scanning bus for storage devices... 1 Storage Device(s) found

[u-boot@MINI2440]# usb storage

Device 0
: Vendor: Kingston Rev: PMAP Prod: DT 101 II


Type: Removable Hard Disk


Capacity: 3875.0 MB = 3.7 GB (7936000 x 512)

[u-boot@MINI2440]#usb part0
print_part of 0

Partition Map for USB device 0
--
Partition Type: DOS


Partition
Start Sector
Num Sectors
Type



4


63

7935937
c


[u-boot@MINI2440]#fatload usb 0:4 0x30008000 u-boot.bin

reading u-boot.bin
........................

256220 bytes read
[u-boot@MINI2440]#protect off all
Un-Protect Flash Bank # 1
[u-boot@MINI2440]#erase 0x0 0x3ffff
Erasing sector
0 ... ok.

Erasing sector
1 ... ok.

Erasing sector
2 ... ok.

Erasing sector
3 ... ok.

Erased 4 sectors
[u-boot@MINI2440]#cp.b 0x30008000 0x0
0x3ffff

Copy to Flash... done

3) 通过TFTP服务烧入Nand Flash:
[u-boot@MINI2440]#tftpboot 30008000 192.168.1.100:u-boot.bin
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bit mode
MAC: 08:08:11:18:12:27
operating at 100M full duplex mode
Using dm9000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.1.100; our IP address is 192.168.1.101
Filename 'u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x30008000
Loading: T ##################
done
Bytes transferred = 256220 (3e8dc hex)
[u-boot@MINI2440]#nand erase 0 0x40000
NAND erase: device 0 offset 0x0, size 0x40000
Erasing at 0x2000000000004 --
0% complete.

OK
[u-boot@MINI2440]#nand write 0x30008000 0 0x40000

NAND write: device 0 offset 0x0, size 0x40000
Writing at 0x2000000020000 -- 100% is complete. 262144 bytes written: OK

4) 通过NFS 服务烧入Nand Flash:

[u-boot@MINI2440]#nfs 30008000 192.168.1.100:/home/tekkaman/development/share/u-boot.bin
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bit mode
MAC: 08:08:11:18:12:27
operating at 100M full duplex mode
Using dm9000 device
File transfer via NFS from server 192.168.1.100; our IP address is 192.168.1.101
Filename '/home/tekkaman/development/share/u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x30008000
Loading: ###################################################
done
Bytes transferred = 256220 (3e8dc hex)
[u-boot@MINI2440]#nand erase 0 0x40000
NAND erase: device 0 offset 0x0, size 0x40000
Erasing at 0x2000000000004 --
0% complete.

OK
[u-boot@MINI2440]#nand write 0x30008000 0 0x40000

NAND write: device 0 offset 0x0, size 0x40000
Writing at 0x2000000020000 -- 100% is complete. 262144 bytes written: OK


内核引导

内核的引导步骤如下:
(1)用U-boot的mkimage工具处理内核映像zImage。
(2)通过网络、串口、U盘、SD卡等方式将处理过的内核映像传输到SDRAM的一定位置(一般使用0x30008000)
(3)然后使用”bootm"等内核引导命令来启动内核。


为什么要用U-bootmkimage工具处理内核映像zImage?
因为在用bootm命令引导内核的时候,bootm需要读取一个64字节的文件头,来获取这个内核映象所针对的CPU体系结构、OS、加载到内存中的位置、在内存中入口点的位置以及映象名等等信息。这样bootm才能为OS设置好启动环境,并跳入内核映象的入口点。而mkimage就是添加这个文件头的专用工具。具体的实现请看U-bootbootm的源码和mkimage的源码。
mkimage工具的使用:

参数说明:
-A指定CPU的体系结构,可用值有:alphaarm
x86ia64mipsmips64ppcs390shsparcsparc64m68k

-O指定操作系统类型,可用值有:openbsdnetbsdfreebsd4_4bsdlinuxsvr4esixsolarisirixscodellncrlynxosvxworkspsosqnxu-bootrtemsartos
-T指定映象类型,可用值有:standalonekernelramdiskmultifirmwarescriptfilesystem
-C指定映象压缩方式,可用值有:
none
不压缩(一般使用这个,因为zImage是已经被bzip2压缩过的自解压内核)

gzipgzip的压缩方式
bzip2bzip2的压缩方式
-a指定映象在内存中的加载地址,映象下载到内存中时,要按照用mkimage制作映象时,这个参数所指定的地址值来下载
-e
指定映象运行的入口点地址,这个地址就是-a参数指定的值加上0x40(因为前面有个mkimage添加的0x40个字节的头)
-n
指定映象名
-d指定制作映象的源文件

以下是制作内核映像的命令示例:
mkimage -n 'tekkaman' -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 0x30008000 -e 0x30008040 -d zImage zImage.img


以下是使用范例:
1) 通过SD卡引导内核:
首先SD卡中必须有FAT32文件系统,并在里面存放了处理过的内核映像文件。

[u-boot@MINI2440]#mmc init


mmc: Probing for SDHC ...
mmc: SD 2.0 or later card found
trying to detect SD Card...
Manufacturer:
0x00, OEM "roduct name:
"
", revision 0.0

Serial number:
7864775

Manufacturing date: 11/2006
CRC:
0x4f, b0 = 1

READ_BL_LEN=6, C_SIZE_MULT=7, C_SIZE=4095
size = 0
SD Card detected RCA: 0x2 type: SD
mmc1is available
[u-boot@MINI2440]#fatload mmc 1 30008000 zImage.img
reading zImage.img

2277540 bytes read
[u-boot@MINI2440]#bootm 30008000
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 30008000 ...

Image Name:
tekkaman


Created:
2010-03-29
12:59:51 UTC


Image Type:
ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)


Data Size:
2277476 Bytes =
2.2 MB


Load Address: 30008000


Entry Point:
30008040


Verifying Checksum ... OK


XIP Kernel Image ... OK

OK

Starting kernel ...

Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.33.1 (tekkaman@MAGI-Linux) (gcc version 4.3.2 (crosstool-NG-1.6.1-tekkaman) ) #5 Mon Mar 29 20:58:50 CST 2010
CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177
CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache
Machine: MINI2440
(略)


2) 通过TFTP服务引导内核:
[u-boot@MINI2440]# tftpboot 0x30008000 192.168.1.100:zImage.img
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bit mode
MAC: 08:08:11:18:12:27
operating at 100M full duplex mode
Using dm9000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.1.100; our IP address is 192.168.1.101
Filename 'zImage.img'.
Load address: 0x30008000
Loading: T #################################################################


#################################################################



##########################

done
Bytes transferred = 2277540 (22c0a4 hex)
[u-boot@MINI2440]#bootm 30008000
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 30008000 ...

Image Name:
tekkaman


Created:
2010-03-29
12:59:51 UTC


Image Type:
ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)


Data Size:
2277476 Bytes =
2.2 MB


Load Address: 30008000


Entry Point:
30008040


Verifying Checksum ... OK


XIP Kernel Image ... OK

OK

Starting kernel ...

Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.33.1 (tekkaman@MAGI-Linux) (gcc version 4.3.2 (crosstool-NG-1.6.1-tekkaman) ) #5 Mon Mar 29 20:58:50 CST 2010
CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177
CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache
Machine: MINI2440
(略)


3) 通过NFS服务引导内核:
[u-boot@MINI2440]#nfs 30008000 192.168.1.100:/home/tekkaman/development/share/zImage.img
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bit mode
MAC: 08:08:11:18:12:27
operating at 100M full duplex mode
Using dm9000 device
File transfer via NFS from server 192.168.1.100; our IP address is 192.168.1.101
Filename '/home/tekkaman/development/share/zImage.img'.
Load address: 0x30008000
Loading: #################################################################


#################################################################



#################################################################



#################################################################



#################################################################



#################################################################



#######################################################

done
Bytes transferred = 2277540 (22c0a4 hex)
[u-boot@MINI2440]#bootm 30008000
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 30008000 ...

Image Name:
tekkaman


Created:
2010-03-29
12:59:51 UTC


Image Type:
ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)


Data Size:
2277476 Bytes =
2.2 MB


Load Address: 30008000


Entry Point:
30008040


Verifying Checksum ... OK


XIP Kernel Image ... OK

OK

Starting kernel ...

Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.33.1 (tekkaman@MAGI-Linux) (gcc version 4.3.2 (crosstool-NG-1.6.1-tekkaman) ) #5 Mon Mar 29 20:58:50 CST 2010
CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177
CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache
Machine: MINI2440
(略)

4) 通过Nand Flash引导内核:
首先要将处理过的内核映像文件烧入Nand Flash的一定位置(由内核分区表决定)。以后每次启动时用Nand Flash的读取命令先将这个内核映像文件读到内存的一定位置(由制作内核映像时的-a参数决定),再使用bootm命令引导内核。

内核映像文件的烧入:

[u-boot@MINI2440]#nfs 30008000 192.168.1.100:/home/tekkaman/development/share/zImage.img
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bit mode
MAC: 08:08:11:18:12:27
operating at 100M full duplex mode
Using dm9000 device
File transfer via NFS from server 192.168.1.100; our IP address is 192.168.1.101
Filename '/home/tekkaman/development/share/zImage.img'.
Load address: 0x30008000
Loading: #################################################################


#################################################################



#################################################################



#################################################################



#################################################################



#################################################################



#######################################################

done
Bytes transferred = 2277540 (22c0a4 hex)
[u-boot@MINI2440]#nand erase 0x80000 0x300000

NAND erase: device 0 offset 0x80000, size 0x300000
Erasing at 0x36000001800000 --
0% complete.

OK
[u-boot@MINI2440]#
nand write 30008000 0x80000 300000


NAND write: device 0 offset 0x80000, size 0x300000

Writing at 0x36000000020000 -- 100% is complete. 3145728 bytes written: OK


内核引导:

[u-boot@MINI2440]#
nand read 30008000 0x80000 300000


NAND read: device 0 offset 0x80000, size 0x300000

3145728 bytes read: OK

[u-boot@MINI2440]#bootm 30008000
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 30008000 ...

Image Name:
tekkaman


Created:
2010-03-29
12:59:51 UTC


Image Type:
ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)


Data Size:
2277476 Bytes =
2.2 MB


Load Address: 30008000


Entry Point:
30008040


Verifying Checksum ... OK


XIP Kernel Image ... OK

OK

Starting kernel ...

Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.33.1 (tekkaman@MAGI-Linux) (gcc version 4.3.2 (crosstool-NG-1.6.1-tekkaman) ) #5 Mon Mar 29 20:58:50 CST 2010
CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177
CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache
Machine: MINI2440
(略)
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