有一个单链表,其中可能有一个环,也就是某个节点的next指向的是链表中在它之前的节点,这样在链表的尾部形成一环。
问题:
1、如何判断一个链表是不是这类链表?
2、如果链表为存在环,如何找到环的入口点?
解答:
一、判断链表是否存在环,办法为:
设置两个指针(fast, slow),初始值都指向头,slow每次前进一步,fast每次前进二步,如果链表存在环,则fast必定先进入环,而slow后进入环,两个指针必定相遇。(当然,fast先行头到尾部为NULL,则为无环链表)程序如下:
bool IsExitsLoop(Node *head)
{
Node* slow=head,*fast=head;
while (fast&& fast->next)
{
slow=slow->next;
fast=fast->next->next;//由于是fast=fast->next->next,所以fast->next是不能为空
if(slow == fast)
break;
}
return !(fast == NULL|| fast->next==NULL );
}
bool IsExitsLoop(Node *head)
{
Node* slow=head,*fast=head;
while (fast&& fast->next)
{
slow=slow->next;
fast=fast->next->next;//由于是fast=fast->next->next,所以fast->next是不能为空
if(slow == fast)
break;
}
return !(fast == NULL|| fast->next==NULL );
}
二.如果存在环的话,那么找出环的第一个节点:
当fast若与slow相遇时,slow肯定没有走遍历完链表,而fast已经在环内循环了n圈(1<=n)。假设slow走了s步,则fast走了2s步(fast步数还等于s 加上在环上多转的n圈),设环长为r,则:
2s = s + nr
s= nr
设整个链表长L,入口环与相遇点距离为x,起点到环入口点的距离为a。
a + x = nr
a + x = (n – 1)r +r = (n-1)r + L - a
a = (n-1)r + (L – a – x)
(L – a – x)为相遇点到环入口点的距离,由此可知,从链表头到环入口点等于(n-1)循环内环+相遇点到环入口点,于是我们从链表头、与相遇点分别设一个指针,每次各走一步,两个指针必定相遇,且相遇第一点为环入口点。程序描述如下:
// IsExitsLoop2.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
typedef struct node
{
int data;
struct node* next;
}Node;
Node* create_Node_HaveRing(int a[],int len)
{
Node* head,*p,*q;
p=new Node();
p->data=a[0];
head=p;
for (int i=1;i<len;i++)
{
q=new Node();
q->data=a[i];
p->next=q;
p=q;
}
p->next=head->next;
return head;
}
Node* create_Node_NoRing(int a[],int len)
{
Node* head,*p,*q;
p=new Node();
p->data=a[0];
head=p;
p=new Node();
p->data=a[1];
head->next=p;
for (int i=2;i<len;i++)
{
q=new Node();
q->data=a[i];
p->next=q;
p=q;
}
p=NULL;
return head;
}
bool IsExitsLoop(Node *head)
{
Node* slow=head,*fast=head;
while (fast && fast->next)
{
slow=slow->next;
fast=fast->next->next;
if (slow == fast)
break;
}
return !(fast==NULL || fast->next == NULL);
}
Node* FindLoopPort(Node *head)
{
Node* fast=head,*slow=head;
while (fast && fast->next)
{
slow=slow->next;
fast=fast->next->next;
if (slow == fast)
break;
}
if (fast==NULL || fast->next == NULL)
{
return NULL;
}
slow=head;
while (slow!=fast)
{
slow=slow->next;
fast=fast->next;
}
return slow;
}
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
int a[]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};
int len =sizeof(a)/sizeof(int);
Node* head1 = create_Node_HaveRing(a,len);
Node* head2 = create_Node_NoRing(a,len);
bool isLoop = IsExitsLoop(head1);
if (isLoop)
{
cout<<"head1找到环的入口:"<<endl;
cout<<FindLoopPort(head1)->data<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"head1没有环"<<endl;
}
isLoop = IsExitsLoop(head2);
if (isLoop)
{
cout<<"head2找到环的入口:"<<endl;
cout<<FindLoopPort(head2)->data<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"head2没有找到环"<<endl;
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
代码:
// IsExitsLoop2.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
typedef struct node
{
int data;
struct node* next;
}Node;
Node* create_Node_HaveRing(int a[],int len)
{
Node* head,*p,*q;
p=new Node();
p->data=a[0];
head=p;
for (int i=1;i<len;i++)
{
q=new Node();
q->data=a[i];
p->next=q;
p=q;
}
p->next=head->next;
return head;
}
Node* create_Node_NoRing(int a[],int len)
{
Node* head,*p,*q;
p=new Node();
p->data=a[0];
head=p;
p=new Node();
p->data=a[1];
head->next=p;
for (int i=2;i<len;i++)
{
q=new Node();
q->data=a[i];
p->next=q;
p=q;
}
p=NULL;
return head;
}
bool IsExitsLoop(Node *head)
{
Node* slow=head,*fast=head;
while (fast && fast->next)
{
slow=slow->next;
fast=fast->next->next;
if (slow == fast)
break;
}
return !(fast==NULL || fast->next == NULL);
}
Node* FindLoopPort(Node *head)
{
Node* fast=head,*slow=head;
while (fast && fast->next)
{
slow=slow->next;
fast=fast->next->next;
if (slow == fast)
break;
}
if (fast==NULL || fast->next == NULL)
{
return NULL;
}
slow=head;
while (slow!=fast)
{
slow=slow->next;
fast=fast->next;
}
return slow;
}
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
int a[]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};
int len =sizeof(a)/sizeof(int);
Node* head1 = create_Node_HaveRing(a,len);
Node* head2 = create_Node_NoRing(a,len);
bool isLoop = IsExitsLoop(head1);
if (isLoop)
{
cout<<"head1找到环的入口:"<<endl;
cout<<FindLoopPort(head1)->data<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"head1没有环"<<endl;
}
isLoop = IsExitsLoop(head2);
if (isLoop)
{
cout<<"head2找到环的入口:"<<endl;
cout<<FindLoopPort(head2)->data<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"head2没有找到环"<<endl;
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}