Linux中获得当前目录名称的4种方法-优快云博客

本文转载编辑自：<wbr style="line-height:25px"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.linuxdiyf.com/viewarticle.php?id=66575" style="color:rgb(207,121,28); line-height:25px; text-decoration:none">http://www.linuxdiyf.com/viewarticle.php?id=66575</a> <div style="line-height:25px"> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="color:#003366; line-height:25px">在写 shell 脚本的时候，有时我们需要得到当前目录的名称，pwd 命令可以返回当前目录的完整路径，而不是目录名，如果要得到目录名，有下面 4 种方法：</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="line-height:25px"><span style="font-size:16px; line-height:28px">方法一，</span>使用basename命令</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="color:#000080; line-height:25px">使用 basename 是最简单的方法：</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="line-height:25px">示例1.0</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="color:#3366ff; line-height:25px">basename /usr/local/bin</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px">结果：<span style="color:#3366ff; line-height:25px">bin</span> </div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="color:#000080; line-height:25px">把 basename 和pwd，就可获得当前目录。</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px"> <span style="line-height:25px">示例1.1</span>：</div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="color:#3366ff; line-height:25px">cd /usr/local/bin</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="color:#ff6600; line-height:25px">basename `pwd`</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px">结果：<span style="color:#3366ff; line-height:25px">bin</span> </div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="line-height:25px"><span style="font-size:16px; line-height:28px">方法二</span>，使用 ## 拆分PWD变量</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px"> <span style="color:#0000ff; line-height:25px">${var##pattern}</span><span style="color:#000080; line-height:25px">可以从 $var 变量中，去掉可以匹配 pattern 最大长度的字符串，所以，要获得目录名，可以：</span> </div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="line-height:25px">示例2.0：</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="color:#3366ff; line-height:25px">cd /var/log/squid</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="color:#ff6600; line-height:25px">echo ${PWD##*/}</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px">结果：<span style="color:#3366ff; line-height:25px">squid</span> </div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="color:#000080; line-height:25px">$PWD 是保存目录完整路径的环境变量，pattern 就是 */，也就是去掉了前面所有的上级目录。</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="line-height:25px"><span style="font-size:16px; line-height:28px">方法三，</span>使用 awk 和 rev</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="line-height:25px">示例3.0：</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="color:#3366ff; line-height:25px">cd /usr/share/cups/data</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="color:#ff6600; line-height:25px">pwd | rev | awk –F \/ '{print $1}' | rev</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px">结果：<span style="color:#3366ff; line-height:25px">data</span> </div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="color:#000080; line-height:25px">把结果分步显示，你就知道原理了：</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="color:#0000ff; line-height:25px">pwd</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="color:#3366ff; line-height:25px">/usr/share/cups/data</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="color:#0000ff; line-height:25px">pwd | rev</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="color:#3366ff; line-height:25px">atad/supc/erahs/rsu/</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="color:#0000ff; line-height:25px">pwd | rev | awk –F \/ '{print $1}'</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="color:#3366ff; line-height:25px">atad</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="color:#0000ff; line-height:25px">pwd | rev | awk –F \/ '{print $1}' | rev</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="color:#3366ff; line-height:25px">data</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px"> <span style="color:#ff6600; line-height:25px">-F</span><span style="color:#0000ff; line-height:25px">选项是指定分隔符，目录之间分隔符为</span><span style="color:#ff6600; line-height:25px">/</span><span style="color:#0000ff; line-height:25px">。</span> </div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="line-height:25px"><span style="font-size:16px; line-height:28px">方法四</span>，使用 sed</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="line-height:25px">示例4.0</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="color:#3366ff; line-height:25px">cd /home/smith/music</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="color:#0000ff; line-height:25px">pwd | sed 's,^$.*/$\?$[^/]*$,\2,'</span></div> <div style="line-height:25px">结果：<span style="color:#3366ff; line-height:25px">music</span> </div> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="color:#000080; line-height:25px">第一个 pattern，^$.*/$?，匹配 / 符号前所有的东西，第二个 [^/]* ，匹配剩余部分不包含 / 的部分。</span></div> </div> </wbr>