spring通过xml配置加载XMLApplicationContext容器环境,在web.xml中有两种配置方法:
方法1,通过ContextLoaderListener加载spring容器
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:web-servlet.xml,classpath:common-servlet.xml,classpath:openapi-servlet.xml,classpath:aliyunid-service.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>aliyunid</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextAttribute</param-name>
<param-value>org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext.ROOT</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
方法2,在DispatcherServlet内部配置spring的配置文件路径,加载容器
<servlet>
<servlet-name>aliyunid</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:web-servlet.xml,classpath:common-servlet.xml,classpath:openapi-servlet.xml,classpath:aliyunid-service.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
ContextLoaderListener在ServletContext会先于Servlet加载。加载后,会通过读取contextConfigLocation变量获得spring xml配置文件的路径,然后实例化XMLApplictionContext类型的spring容器。并将其作为servletContext.setAttribute,塞入servlet容器中。key为:ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE = WebApplicationContext.class.getName()
+ ".ROOT";
DispatcherServlet作为请求的分发入口,其父类FrameworkServlet首先根据contextAttribute配置值作为key,去servletContext中查找ApplicationContext的容器对象。如果找到,则直接使用。
如果没有找到或者未设置contextAttribute属性,则从contextConfigLocation中读取xml配置文件的地址,默认为 /WEB-INF/getServletName() + "-servlet.xml" 作为配置文件地址,进行容器的初始化。以 WebApplicationContext.class.getName() + ".ROOT" 作为key从servletContext中查找spring容器对象,并以此对象作为前者的parent。