Spring中几种事务的配置

Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

    DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

    具体如下图：


    根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

    第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

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1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
3.     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
4.     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
5.     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"  
6.     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   
7.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd   
8.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context   
9.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd   
10.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop   
11.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">  
12.   
13.     <bean id="sessionFactory"     
14.             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">     
15.         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />     
16.         <property name="configurationClass"  
17. value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />  
18.     </bean>     
19.   
20.     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->     
21.     <bean id="transactionManager"  
22.         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">  
23.         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />  
24.     </bean>  
25.        
26.     <!-- 配置DAO -->  
27.     <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">  
28.         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />  
29.     </bean>  
30.        
31.     <bean id="userDao"  
32.    class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">     
33.         <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->     
34.         <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />        
35.         <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />     
36.         <property name="proxyInterfaces"    
37.              value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />  
38.         <!-- 配置事务属性 -->     
39.         <property name="transactionAttributes">     
40.             <props>     
41.                 <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>  
42.             </props>     
43.         </property>     
44.     </bean>     
45. </beans>  

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> </bean> <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <!-- 配置DAO --> <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <bean id="userDao" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"> <!-- 配置事务管理器 --> <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" /> <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" /> <!-- 配置事务属性 --> <property name="transactionAttributes"> <props> <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> </props> </property> </bean> </beans>
   第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

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1.     <bean id="sessionFactory"  
2. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">     
3.         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />     
4.         <property name="configurationClass"  
5. value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />  
6.     </bean>     
7.   
8.     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->     
9.     <bean id="transactionManager"  
10. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">  
11.         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />  
12.     </bean>  
13.        
14.     <bean id="transactionBase"     
15.    class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"    
16.    lazy-init="true" abstract="true">     
17.         <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->     
18.         <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />     
19.         <!-- 配置事务属性 -->     
20.         <property name="transactionAttributes">     
21.             <props>     
22.                 <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>     
23.             </props>     
24.         </property>     
25.     </bean>       
26.       
27.     <!-- 配置DAO -->  
28.     <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">  
29.         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />  
30.     </bean>  
31.        
32.     <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" >     
33.         <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />      
34.     </bean>  

<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> </bean> <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <bean id="transactionBase" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" lazy-init="true" abstract="true"> <!-- 配置事务管理器 --> <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> <!-- 配置事务属性 --> <property name="transactionAttributes"> <props> <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <!-- 配置DAO --> <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" > <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" /> </bean>
第三种方式：使用拦截器

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1.     <bean id="sessionFactory"  
2. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">     
3.         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />     
4.         <property name="configurationClass"  
5. value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />  
6.     </bean>     
7.   
8.     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->     
9.     <bean id="transactionManager"  
10. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">  
11.         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />  
12.     </bean>    
13.       
14.     <bean id="transactionInterceptor"  
15. class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">     
16.         <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />     
17.         <!-- 配置事务属性 -->     
18.         <property name="transactionAttributes">     
19.             <props>     
20.                 <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>     
21.             </props>     
22.         </property>     
23.     </bean>  
24.          
25.     <bean  
26. class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">     
27.         <property name="beanNames">     
28.             <list>     
29.                 <value>*Dao</value>  
30.             </list>     
31.         </property>     
32.         <property name="interceptorNames">     
33.             <list>     
34.                 <value>transactionInterceptor</value>     
35.             </list>     
36.         </property>     
37.     </bean>     
38.      
39.     <!-- 配置DAO -->  
40.     <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">  
41.         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />  
42.     </bean>  

<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> </bean> <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <bean id="transactionInterceptor" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor"> <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> <!-- 配置事务属性 --> <property name="transactionAttributes"> <props> <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator"> <property name="beanNames"> <list> <value>*Dao</value> </list> </property> <property name="interceptorNames"> <list> <value>transactionInterceptor</value> </list> </property> </bean> <!-- 配置DAO --> <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean>
第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

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1.     <context:annotation-config />  
2.     <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />  
3.   
4.     <bean id="sessionFactory"  
5. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">     
6.         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />     
7.         <property name="configurationClass"  
8. value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />  
9.     </bean>     
10.   
11.     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->     
12.     <bean id="transactionManager"  
13. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">  
14.         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />  
15.     </bean>  
16.   
17.     <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">  
18.         <tx:attributes>  
19.             <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />  
20.         </tx:attributes>  
21.     </tx:advice>  
22.        
23.     <aop:config>  
24.         <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"  
25.             expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />  
26.         <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"  
27.             pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />           
28.     </aop:config>        

<context:annotation-config /> <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" /> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> </bean> <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts" expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" /> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" /> </aop:config>
第五种方式：全注解

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1.     <context:annotation-config />  
2.     <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />  
3.   
4.     <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>  
5.   
6.     <bean id="sessionFactory"  
7. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">     
8.         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />     
9.         <property name="configurationClass"  
10. value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />  
11.     </bean>     
12.   
13.     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->     
14.     <bean id="transactionManager"  
15. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">  
16.         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />  
17.     </bean>  

<context:annotation-config /> <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" /> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> </bean> <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean>
此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

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1. import java.util.List;   
2.   
3. import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;   
4. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;   
5. import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;   
6. import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;   
7.   
8.   
9. @Transactional  
10. @Component("userDao")   
11. public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {   
12.   
13.     public List<User> listUsers() {   
14.         return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();   
15.     }   
16. }