The Apache Tomcat Connector - AJP Protocol Reference

本文详细介绍了Apache JServ Protocol (AJP) v1.3的工作原理。AJP是一种面向包的协议,采用二进制格式传输文本以提高性能。文中解释了WEB服务器与SERVLET容器之间的持久性TCP连接机制,并概述了请求处理过程中的关键步骤。

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The original document was written by Dan Milstein, danmil@shore.net on December 2000. The present document is generated out of an xml file to allow a more easy integration in the Tomcat documentation.

This describes the Apache JServ Protocol version 1.3 (hereafter ajp13). There is, apparently, no current documentation of how the protocol works. This document is an attempt to remedy that, in order to make life easier for maintainers of JK, and for anyone who wants to port the protocol somewhere (into jakarta 4.x, for example).

 

 

 

AJP是定向包协议。因为性能原因,使用二进制格式来传输可读性文本。WEB服务器通过TCP连接和SERVLET容器连接。为了减少进程生成socket的花费,WEB服务器和SERVLET容器之间尝试保持持久性的TCP连接,对多个请求/回复循环重用一个连接。一旦连接分配给一个特定的请求,在请求处理循环 结束之前不会在分配。换句话说,在连接上,请求不是多元的。这个是连接两端的编码变得容易,虽然这导致在一时刻会有很多连接。
  一旦WEB服务器打开了一个到SERVLET容器的连接,连接处于下面的状态:
  ◆ 空闲
  这个连接上没有处理的请求。
  ◆ 已分派
  连接正在处理特定的请求。
  一旦一个连接被分配给一个特定的请求,在连接上发送的基本请求信息是高度压缩的。在这点,SERVLET容器大概准备开始处理请求,当它处理的时候,它能发回下面的信息给WEB服务器:
  ◆ SEND_HEADERS
  发送一组头到浏览器。
  ◆ SEND_BODY_CHUNK
  发送一块主体数据到浏览器。
  ◆ GET_BODY_CHUNK
  从请求获得下一个数据如果还没有全部传输完,如果请求内容的包长度非常大或者长度不确定,这是非常必要的。例如上载文件。注意这和HTTP的 块传输没有关联。
  ◆ END_RESPONSE
  结束请求处理循环。

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://baike.so.com/doc/1893474.html

 

http://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/ajp/ajpv13a.html

 

http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-3.3-doc/mod_jk-howto.html

 

http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-6.0-doc/cluster-howto.html

 

 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. --> <!-- Note: A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level. Documentation at /docs/config/server.html --> -<Server shutdown="SHUTDOWN" port="8005"> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener"/> <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" /> --> <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html --> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on"/> <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs--> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener"/> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener"/> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener"/> <!-- Global JNDI resources Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html --> -<GlobalNamingResources> <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users --> <Resource pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory" description="User database that can be updated and saved" type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase" auth="Container" name="UserDatabase"/> </GlobalNamingResources> <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share a single "Container" Note: A "Service" is not itself a "Container", so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level. Documentation at /docs/config/service.html --> -<Service name="Catalina"> <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools--> <!-- <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/> --> <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received and responses are returned. Documentation at : Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html Java AJP Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080 --> <Connector port="8080" redirectPort="8443" connectionTimeout="20000" protocol="HTTP/1.1"/> <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool--> <!-- <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool" port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" /> --> <!-- Define an SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 This connector uses the NIO implementation. The default SSLImplementation will depend on the presence of the APR/native library and the useOpenSSL attribute of the AprLifecycleListener. Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used regardless of the SSLImplementation selected. JSSE style configuration is used below. --> <!-- <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol" maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true"> <SSLHostConfig> <Certificate certificateKeystoreFile="conf/localhost-rsa.jks" type="RSA" /> </SSLHostConfig> </Connector> --> <!-- Define an SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 with HTTP/2 This connector uses the APR/native implementation which always uses OpenSSL for TLS. Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used. OpenSSL style configuration is used below. --> <!-- <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol" maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" > <UpgradeProtocol className="org.apache.coyote.http2.Http2Protocol" /> <SSLHostConfig> <Certificate certificateKeyFile="conf/localhost-rsa-key.pem" certificateFile="conf/localhost-rsa-cert.pem" certificateChainFile="conf/localhost-rsa-chain.pem" type="RSA" /> </SSLHostConfig> </Connector> --> <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 --> <!-- <Connector protocol="AJP/1.3" address="::1" port="8009" redirectPort="8443" /> --> <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes every request. The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them on to the appropriate Host (virtual host). Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html --> <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie : <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1"> --> -<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost"> <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at: /docs/cluster-howto.html (simple how to) /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) --> <!-- <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/> --> <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords via a brute-force attack --> -<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm"> <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI resources under the key "UserDatabase". Any edits that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately available for use by the Realm. --> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/> </Realm> -<Host name="localhost" autoDeploy="true" unpackWARs="true" appBase="webapps"> <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html --> <!-- <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" /> --> <!-- Access log processes all example. Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" --> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" suffix=".txt" prefix="localhost_access_log" directory="logs"/> </Host> </Engine> </Service> </Server>https链接
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