2011年博思考试英语语法复习之与格动词

　  1.与格动词或称授与动词是需要两个宾语的完全及物动词。通常其中指事物的称为直接宾语，指人的称为间接宾语。

　　2.由与格动词构成的句型主要有两种，通常可以相互转换。

　　句型1：主语+与格动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

　　句型2：主语+与格动词+直接宾语+介系词+间接宾语。

　　I am writing my cousin a letter.

　　I am writing a letter to my cousin.

　　我正在给我表姊写信。

　　my cousin是间接宾语，指动作发出的对象，用宾格;a letter是直接宾语，是动作wrote的接受者。

　　She had ever taught me English before she went study

　　abroad.

　　她出国前曾教过我英语。

　　me是间接宾语，指动作发出的对象，用宾格;English是直接宾语，是动作taught的接受者。

　　My mother bought me some interesting English learning

　　VCDs.

　　我妈妈给我买了一些英语学习的光盘!

　　bought是与格动词，后接间接宾语me和直接宾语some interesting English learning vcds.

　　You had better leave your parents a note.

　　You had better leave a note to your parents.

　　你最好给你父母留张便条儿。

　　leave是与格动词，后接间接宾语your parents和直接宾语a note.

　　He bought his wife a diamond necklace yesterday.

　　He bought a diamond necklace for his wife yesterday.

　　他昨天给他妻子买了一条钻石项链。

　　bought是与格动词，后接间接宾语his wife和直接宾语 a diamond necklace.

　　He flew me a kiss when I said hello to him.

　　我向他打招呼时，他给了我一个飞吻。

　　His relations were very sympathetic towards him， but did not offer him any financial help.

　　他的亲戚们非常同情他，但没有给他任何经济援助。

　　Mr. Lee gave his son a good ticking-off because he had been staying out too late at night.

　　李先生因为儿子晚上在外面一直呆到很晚而狠狠责备了他一顿。

　　His father allows him a hundred dollars a week for his pocket money.

　　他的父亲每星期给他一百元作为零用钱。

　　This book will save you a great deal of trouble and time.

　　这本书将省去你许多麻烦和时间。

　　He taught me how to improve my English.

　　他教我如何使我的英语有进步。

　　I will tell them the reason of my leaving and the time of my return.

　　好。我要告诉他们我出去的原因和我回家的时间。

　　tell是与格动词，后接间接宾语them和直接宾语the reason of my leaving and the time of my return.

　　Don't tell her (that) I told you (that) she had told me.

　　不要告诉她我把她告诉我的告诉了你。

　　Ask him when he will come or whether he will come at all.

　　问问他什么时候来，或到底来不来。

　　I have to phone mom my late return.

　　我必须打电话告诉妈妈我晚回去。

　　leave是与格动词，后接间接宾语mom和直接宾语my late return.

　　3.有些与格动词可应用于另外一种句型：主语+与格动词+间接宾语+介系词+直接宾语。在这种句型中：介系词及其后的直接宾语在句中对间接宾语起补述、修饰作用。

　　Or she will blame me for my unpunctuality.

　　否则她要责备我不守时了。

　　此处介系词for及其后的直接宾语my unpunctuality对间接宾语 me起补述修饰作用。

　　He blamed her for her greediness.

　　他责骂她的贪婪。

　　此处介系词for及其后的直接宾语her greediness对间接受词 her起补述修饰作用。