复制来源:http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/kobejayandy/article/details/12690555
引言:
接上一篇文章讲述处理@RequestMapping的方法参数绑定之后,详细介绍下@RequestBody、@ResponseBody的具体用法和使用时机;
简介:
@RequestBody
作用:
i) 该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上;
ii) 再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上。
使用时机:
A) GET、POST方式提时, 根据request header Content-Type的值来判断:
- application/x-www-form-urlencoded, 可选(即非必须,因为这种情况的数据@RequestParam, @ModelAttribute也可以处理,当然@RequestBody也能处理);
- multipart/form-data, 不能处理(即使用@RequestBody不能处理这种格式的数据);
- 其他格式, 必须(其他格式包括application/json, application/xml等。这些格式的数据,必须使用@RequestBody来处理);
B) PUT方式提交时, 根据request header Content-Type的值来判断:
- application/x-www-form-urlencoded, 必须;
- multipart/form-data, 不能处理;
- 其他格式, 必须;
@ResponseBody
作用:
该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区。
使用时机:
返回的数据不是html标签的页面,而是其他某种格式的数据时(如json、xml等)使用;
HttpMessageConverter
- <spanstyle="font-family:MicrosoftYaHei;">/**
- *StrategyinterfacethatspecifiesaconverterthatcanconvertfromandtoHTTPrequestsandresponses.
- *
- *@authorArjenPoutsma
- *@authorJuergenHoeller
- *@since3.0
- */
- publicinterfaceHttpMessageConverter<T>{
- /**
- *Indicateswhetherthegivenclasscanbereadbythisconverter.
- *@paramclazztheclasstotestforreadability
- *@parammediaTypethemediatypetoread,canbe{@codenull}ifnotspecified.
- *Typicallythevalueofa{@codeContent-Type}header.
- *@return{@codetrue}ifreadable;{@codefalse}otherwise
- */
- booleancanRead(Class<?>clazz,MediaTypemediaType);
- /**
- *Indicateswhetherthegivenclasscanbewrittenbythisconverter.
- *@paramclazztheclasstotestforwritability
- *@parammediaTypethemediatypetowrite,canbe{@codenull}ifnotspecified.
- *Typicallythevalueofan{@codeAccept}header.
- *@return{@codetrue}ifwritable;{@codefalse}otherwise
- */
- booleancanWrite(Class<?>clazz,MediaTypemediaType);
- /**
- *Returnthelistof{@linkMediaType}objectssupportedbythisconverter.
- *@returnthelistofsupportedmediatypes
- */
- List<MediaType>getSupportedMediaTypes();
- /**
- *Readanobjectofthegiventypeformthegiveninputmessage,andreturnsit.
- *@paramclazzthetypeofobjecttoreturn.Thistypemusthavepreviouslybeenpassedtothe
- *{@link#canReadcanRead}methodofthisinterface,whichmusthavereturned{@codetrue}.
- *@paraminputMessagetheHTTPinputmessagetoreadfrom
- *@returntheconvertedobject
- *@throwsIOExceptionincaseofI/Oerrors
- *@throwsHttpMessageNotReadableExceptionincaseofconversionerrors
- */
- Tread(Class<?extendsT>clazz,HttpInputMessageinputMessage)
- throwsIOException,HttpMessageNotReadableException;
- /**
- *Writeangivenobjecttothegivenoutputmessage.
- *@paramttheobjecttowritetotheoutputmessage.Thetypeofthisobjectmusthavepreviouslybeen
- *passedtothe{@link#canWritecanWrite}methodofthisinterface,whichmusthavereturned{@codetrue}.
- *@paramcontentTypethecontenttypetousewhenwriting.Maybe{@codenull}toindicatethatthe
- *defaultcontenttypeoftheconvertermustbeused.Ifnot{@codenull},thismediatypemusthave
- *previouslybeenpassedtothe{@link#canWritecanWrite}methodofthisinterface,whichmusthave
- *returned{@codetrue}.
- *@paramoutputMessagethemessagetowriteto
- *@throwsIOExceptionincaseofI/Oerrors
- *@throwsHttpMessageNotWritableExceptionincaseofconversionerrors
- */
- voidwrite(Tt,MediaTypecontentType,HttpOutputMessageoutputMessage)
- throwsIOException,HttpMessageNotWritableException;
- }
- </span>
在使用 <mvc:annotation-driven />标签配置时,默认配置了RequestMappingHandlerAdapter(注意是
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
不是AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter,详情查看Spring 3.1 document “16.14Configuring Spring MVC”章节),并为他配置了一下默认的HttpMessageConverter:
- ByteArrayHttpMessageConverterconvertsbytearrays.
- StringHttpMessageConverterconvertsstrings.
- ResourceHttpMessageConverterconvertsto/fromorg.springframework.core.io.Resourceforallmediatypes.
- SourceHttpMessageConverterconvertsto/fromajavax.xml.transform.Source.
- FormHttpMessageConverterconvertsformdatato/fromaMultiValueMap<String,String>.
- Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverterconvertsJavaobjectsto/fromXML—addedifJAXB2ispresentontheclasspath.
- MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverterconvertsto/fromJSON—addedifJacksonispresentontheclasspath.
- AtomFeedHttpMessageConverterconvertsAtomfeeds—addedifRomeispresentontheclasspath.
- RssChannelHttpMessageConverterconvertsRSSfeeds—addedifRomeispresentontheclasspath.
ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取二进制格式的数据和写出二进制格式的数据;
StringHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取字符串格式的数据和写出二进制格式的数据;
ResourceHttpMessageConverter:负责读取资源文件和写出资源文件数据;
FormHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取form提交的数据(能读取的数据格式为 application/x-www-form-urlencoded,不能读取multipart/form-data格式数据);负责写入application/x-www-from-urlencoded和multipart/form-data格式的数据;
MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入json格式的数据;
SouceHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入 xml 中javax.xml.transform.Source定义的数据;
Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入xml 标签格式的数据;
AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入Atom格式的数据;
RssChannelHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入RSS格式的数据;
当使用@RequestBody和@ResponseBody注解时,
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
就使用它们来进行读取或者写入相应格式的数据。
HttpMessageConverter匹配过程:
@RequestBody注解时: 根据Request对象header部分的Content-Type类型,逐一匹配合适的HttpMessageConverter来读取数据;
spring 3.1源代码如下:
- <spanstyle="font-family:MicrosoftYaHei;">privateObjectreadWithMessageConverters(MethodParametermethodParam,HttpInputMessageinputMessage,ClassparamType)
- throwsException{
- MediaTypecontentType=inputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
- if(contentType==null){
- StringBuilderbuilder=newStringBuilder(ClassUtils.getShortName(methodParam.getParameterType()));
- StringparamName=methodParam.getParameterName();
- if(paramName!=null){
- builder.append('');
- builder.append(paramName);
- }
- thrownewHttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(
- "Cannotextractparameter("+builder.toString()+"):noContent-Typefound");
- }
- List<MediaType>allSupportedMediaTypes=newArrayList<MediaType>();
- if(this.messageConverters!=null){
- for(HttpMessageConverter<?>messageConverter:this.messageConverters){
- allSupportedMediaTypes.addAll(messageConverter.getSupportedMediaTypes());
- if(messageConverter.canRead(paramType,contentType)){
- if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){
- logger.debug("Reading["+paramType.getName()+"]as\""+contentType
- +"\"using["+messageConverter+"]");
- }
- returnmessageConverter.read(paramType,inputMessage);
- }
- }
- }
- thrownewHttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(contentType,allSupportedMediaTypes);
- }</span>
@ResponseBody注解时: 根据Request对象header部分的Accept属性(逗号分隔),逐一按accept中的类型,去遍历找到能处理的HttpMessageConverter;
源代码如下:
- <spanstyle="font-family:MicrosoftYaHei;">privatevoidwriteWithMessageConverters(ObjectreturnValue,
- HttpInputMessageinputMessage,HttpOutputMessageoutputMessage)
- throwsIOException,HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException{
- List<MediaType>acceptedMediaTypes=inputMessage.getHeaders().getAccept();
- if(acceptedMediaTypes.isEmpty()){
- acceptedMediaTypes=Collections.singletonList(MediaType.ALL);
- }
- MediaType.sortByQualityValue(acceptedMediaTypes);
- Class<?>returnValueType=returnValue.getClass();
- List<MediaType>allSupportedMediaTypes=newArrayList<MediaType>();
- if(getMessageConverters()!=null){
- for(MediaTypeacceptedMediaType:acceptedMediaTypes){
- for(HttpMessageConvertermessageConverter:getMessageConverters()){
- if(messageConverter.canWrite(returnValueType,acceptedMediaType)){
- messageConverter.write(returnValue,acceptedMediaType,outputMessage);
- if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){
- MediaTypecontentType=outputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
- if(contentType==null){
- contentType=acceptedMediaType;
- }
- logger.debug("Written["+returnValue+"]as\""+contentType+
- "\"using["+messageConverter+"]");
- }
- this.responseArgumentUsed=true;
- return;
- }
- }
- }
- for(HttpMessageConvertermessageConverter:messageConverters){
- allSupportedMediaTypes.addAll(messageConverter.getSupportedMediaTypes());
- }
- }
- thrownewHttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(allSupportedMediaTypes);
- }</span>
补充:
MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter 调用了 objectMapper.writeValue(OutputStream stream, Object)方法,使用@ResponseBody注解返回的对象就传入Object参数内。若返回的对象为已经格式化好的json串时,不使用@RequestBody注解,而应该这样处理:
1、response.setContentType("application/json; charset=UTF-8");
2、response.getWriter().print(jsonStr);
直接输出到body区,然后的视图为void。
引言:
接上一篇文章讲述处理@RequestMapping的方法参数绑定之后,详细介绍下@RequestBody、@ResponseBody的具体用法和使用时机;
简介:
@RequestBody
作用:
i) 该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上;
ii) 再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上。
使用时机:
A) GET、POST方式提时, 根据request header Content-Type的值来判断:
- application/x-www-form-urlencoded, 可选(即非必须,因为这种情况的数据@RequestParam, @ModelAttribute也可以处理,当然@RequestBody也能处理);
- multipart/form-data, 不能处理(即使用@RequestBody不能处理这种格式的数据);
- 其他格式, 必须(其他格式包括application/json, application/xml等。这些格式的数据,必须使用@RequestBody来处理);
B) PUT方式提交时, 根据request header Content-Type的值来判断:
- application/x-www-form-urlencoded, 必须;
- multipart/form-data, 不能处理;
- 其他格式, 必须;
@ResponseBody
作用:
该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区。
使用时机:
返回的数据不是html标签的页面,而是其他某种格式的数据时(如json、xml等)使用;
HttpMessageConverter
- <spanstyle="font-family:MicrosoftYaHei;">/**
- *StrategyinterfacethatspecifiesaconverterthatcanconvertfromandtoHTTPrequestsandresponses.
- *
- *@authorArjenPoutsma
- *@authorJuergenHoeller
- *@since3.0
- */
- publicinterfaceHttpMessageConverter<T>{
- /**
- *Indicateswhetherthegivenclasscanbereadbythisconverter.
- *@paramclazztheclasstotestforreadability
- *@parammediaTypethemediatypetoread,canbe{@codenull}ifnotspecified.
- *Typicallythevalueofa{@codeContent-Type}header.
- *@return{@codetrue}ifreadable;{@codefalse}otherwise
- */
- booleancanRead(Class<?>clazz,MediaTypemediaType);
- /**
- *Indicateswhetherthegivenclasscanbewrittenbythisconverter.
- *@paramclazztheclasstotestforwritability
- *@parammediaTypethemediatypetowrite,canbe{@codenull}ifnotspecified.
- *Typicallythevalueofan{@codeAccept}header.
- *@return{@codetrue}ifwritable;{@codefalse}otherwise
- */
- booleancanWrite(Class<?>clazz,MediaTypemediaType);
- /**
- *Returnthelistof{@linkMediaType}objectssupportedbythisconverter.
- *@returnthelistofsupportedmediatypes
- */
- List<MediaType>getSupportedMediaTypes();
- /**
- *Readanobjectofthegiventypeformthegiveninputmessage,andreturnsit.
- *@paramclazzthetypeofobjecttoreturn.Thistypemusthavepreviouslybeenpassedtothe
- *{@link#canReadcanRead}methodofthisinterface,whichmusthavereturned{@codetrue}.
- *@paraminputMessagetheHTTPinputmessagetoreadfrom
- *@returntheconvertedobject
- *@throwsIOExceptionincaseofI/Oerrors
- *@throwsHttpMessageNotReadableExceptionincaseofconversionerrors
- */
- Tread(Class<?extendsT>clazz,HttpInputMessageinputMessage)
- throwsIOException,HttpMessageNotReadableException;
- /**
- *Writeangivenobjecttothegivenoutputmessage.
- *@paramttheobjecttowritetotheoutputmessage.Thetypeofthisobjectmusthavepreviouslybeen
- *passedtothe{@link#canWritecanWrite}methodofthisinterface,whichmusthavereturned{@codetrue}.
- *@paramcontentTypethecontenttypetousewhenwriting.Maybe{@codenull}toindicatethatthe
- *defaultcontenttypeoftheconvertermustbeused.Ifnot{@codenull},thismediatypemusthave
- *previouslybeenpassedtothe{@link#canWritecanWrite}methodofthisinterface,whichmusthave
- *returned{@codetrue}.
- *@paramoutputMessagethemessagetowriteto
- *@throwsIOExceptionincaseofI/Oerrors
- *@throwsHttpMessageNotWritableExceptionincaseofconversionerrors
- */
- voidwrite(Tt,MediaTypecontentType,HttpOutputMessageoutputMessage)
- throwsIOException,HttpMessageNotWritableException;
- }
- </span>
在使用 <mvc:annotation-driven />标签配置时,默认配置了RequestMappingHandlerAdapter(注意是
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
不是AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter,详情查看Spring 3.1 document “16.14Configuring Spring MVC”章节),并为他配置了一下默认的HttpMessageConverter:
- ByteArrayHttpMessageConverterconvertsbytearrays.
- StringHttpMessageConverterconvertsstrings.
- ResourceHttpMessageConverterconvertsto/fromorg.springframework.core.io.Resourceforallmediatypes.
- SourceHttpMessageConverterconvertsto/fromajavax.xml.transform.Source.
- FormHttpMessageConverterconvertsformdatato/fromaMultiValueMap<String,String>.
- Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverterconvertsJavaobjectsto/fromXML—addedifJAXB2ispresentontheclasspath.
- MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverterconvertsto/fromJSON—addedifJacksonispresentontheclasspath.
- AtomFeedHttpMessageConverterconvertsAtomfeeds—addedifRomeispresentontheclasspath.
- RssChannelHttpMessageConverterconvertsRSSfeeds—addedifRomeispresentontheclasspath.
ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取二进制格式的数据和写出二进制格式的数据;
StringHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取字符串格式的数据和写出二进制格式的数据;
ResourceHttpMessageConverter:负责读取资源文件和写出资源文件数据;
FormHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取form提交的数据(能读取的数据格式为 application/x-www-form-urlencoded,不能读取multipart/form-data格式数据);负责写入application/x-www-from-urlencoded和multipart/form-data格式的数据;
MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入json格式的数据;
SouceHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入 xml 中javax.xml.transform.Source定义的数据;
Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入xml 标签格式的数据;
AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入Atom格式的数据;
RssChannelHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入RSS格式的数据;
当使用@RequestBody和@ResponseBody注解时,
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
就使用它们来进行读取或者写入相应格式的数据。
HttpMessageConverter匹配过程:
@RequestBody注解时: 根据Request对象header部分的Content-Type类型,逐一匹配合适的HttpMessageConverter来读取数据;
spring 3.1源代码如下:
- <spanstyle="font-family:MicrosoftYaHei;">privateObjectreadWithMessageConverters(MethodParametermethodParam,HttpInputMessageinputMessage,ClassparamType)
- throwsException{
- MediaTypecontentType=inputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
- if(contentType==null){
- StringBuilderbuilder=newStringBuilder(ClassUtils.getShortName(methodParam.getParameterType()));
- StringparamName=methodParam.getParameterName();
- if(paramName!=null){
- builder.append('');
- builder.append(paramName);
- }
- thrownewHttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(
- "Cannotextractparameter("+builder.toString()+"):noContent-Typefound");
- }
- List<MediaType>allSupportedMediaTypes=newArrayList<MediaType>();
- if(this.messageConverters!=null){
- for(HttpMessageConverter<?>messageConverter:this.messageConverters){
- allSupportedMediaTypes.addAll(messageConverter.getSupportedMediaTypes());
- if(messageConverter.canRead(paramType,contentType)){
- if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){
- logger.debug("Reading["+paramType.getName()+"]as\""+contentType
- +"\"using["+messageConverter+"]");
- }
- returnmessageConverter.read(paramType,inputMessage);
- }
- }
- }
- thrownewHttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(contentType,allSupportedMediaTypes);
- }</span>
@ResponseBody注解时: 根据Request对象header部分的Accept属性(逗号分隔),逐一按accept中的类型,去遍历找到能处理的HttpMessageConverter;
源代码如下:
- <spanstyle="font-family:MicrosoftYaHei;">privatevoidwriteWithMessageConverters(ObjectreturnValue,
- HttpInputMessageinputMessage,HttpOutputMessageoutputMessage)
- throwsIOException,HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException{
- List<MediaType>acceptedMediaTypes=inputMessage.getHeaders().getAccept();
- if(acceptedMediaTypes.isEmpty()){
- acceptedMediaTypes=Collections.singletonList(MediaType.ALL);
- }
- MediaType.sortByQualityValue(acceptedMediaTypes);
- Class<?>returnValueType=returnValue.getClass();
- List<MediaType>allSupportedMediaTypes=newArrayList<MediaType>();
- if(getMessageConverters()!=null){
- for(MediaTypeacceptedMediaType:acceptedMediaTypes){
- for(HttpMessageConvertermessageConverter:getMessageConverters()){
- if(messageConverter.canWrite(returnValueType,acceptedMediaType)){
- messageConverter.write(returnValue,acceptedMediaType,outputMessage);
- if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){
- MediaTypecontentType=outputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
- if(contentType==null){
- contentType=acceptedMediaType;
- }
- logger.debug("Written["+returnValue+"]as\""+contentType+
- "\"using["+messageConverter+"]");
- }
- this.responseArgumentUsed=true;
- return;
- }
- }
- }
- for(HttpMessageConvertermessageConverter:messageConverters){
- allSupportedMediaTypes.addAll(messageConverter.getSupportedMediaTypes());
- }
- }
- thrownewHttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(allSupportedMediaTypes);
- }</span>
补充:
MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter 调用了 objectMapper.writeValue(OutputStream stream, Object)方法,使用@ResponseBody注解返回的对象就传入Object参数内。若返回的对象为已经格式化好的json串时,不使用@RequestBody注解,而应该这样处理:
1、response.setContentType("application/json; charset=UTF-8");
2、response.getWriter().print(jsonStr);
直接输出到body区,然后的视图为void。