本文详细介绍了 Oracle 数据库中 AUDIT_TRAIL 参数的作用及其配置选项。该参数用于控制数据库审计记录的生成方式和存储位置，包括禁用审计、将审计记录写入操作系统文件、写入数据库内部表等多种选择。
AUDIT_TRAIL
Property <wbr><wbr><wbr>Description<br> Parameter type <wbr><wbr><wbr>String<br> Syntax <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>AUDIT_TRAIL = { none | os | db [, extended] | xml [, extended] }<br> Default value <wbr><wbr><wbr>none<br> Modifiable <wbr><wbr><wbr>No<br> Basic <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>No<br><br> AUDIT_TRAIL enables or disables database auditing.<br> Values:<br> ?none<br> Disables standard auditing. This value is the default if the AUDIT_TRAIL parameter was not set in the initialization parameter file or if you created the database using a method other than Database Configuration Assistant. If you created the database using Database Configuration Assistant, then the default is db.<br> ?os<br> Directs all audit records to an operating system file. Oracle recommends that you use the os setting, particularly if you are using an ultra-secure database configuration.<br> ?db<br> Directs audit records to the database audit trail (the SYS.AUD$ table), except for records that are always written to the operating system audit trail. Use this setting for a general database for manageability.<br> If the database was started in read-only mode with AUDIT_TRAIL set to db, then Oracle Database internally sets AUDIT_TRAIL to os. Check the alert log for details.<br> ?db, extended<br> Performs all actions of AUDIT_TRAIL=db, and also populates the SQL bind and SQL text CLOB-type columns of the SYS.AUD$ table, when available. These two columns are populated only when this parameter is specified.<br> If the database was started in read-only mode with AUDIT_TRAIL set to db, extended, then Oracle Database internally sets AUDIT_TRAIL to os. Check the alert log for details.<br> ?xml<br> Writes to the operating system audit record file in XML format. Records all elements of the AuditRecord node except Sql_Text and Sql_Bind to the operating system XML audit file.<br> ?xml, extended<br> Performs all actions of AUDIT_TRAIL=xml, and populates the SQL bind and SQL text CLOB-type columns of the SYS.AUD$ table, wherever possible. These columns are populated only when this parameter is specified.<br> You can use the SQL AUDIT statement to set auditing options regardless of the setting of this parameter.<br><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
Property <wbr><wbr><wbr>Description<br> Parameter type <wbr><wbr><wbr>String<br> Syntax <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>AUDIT_TRAIL = { none | os | db [, extended] | xml [, extended] }<br> Default value <wbr><wbr><wbr>none<br> Modifiable <wbr><wbr><wbr>No<br> Basic <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>No<br><br> AUDIT_TRAIL enables or disables database auditing.<br> Values:<br> ?none<br> Disables standard auditing. This value is the default if the AUDIT_TRAIL parameter was not set in the initialization parameter file or if you created the database using a method other than Database Configuration Assistant. If you created the database using Database Configuration Assistant, then the default is db.<br> ?os<br> Directs all audit records to an operating system file. Oracle recommends that you use the os setting, particularly if you are using an ultra-secure database configuration.<br> ?db<br> Directs audit records to the database audit trail (the SYS.AUD$ table), except for records that are always written to the operating system audit trail. Use this setting for a general database for manageability.<br> If the database was started in read-only mode with AUDIT_TRAIL set to db, then Oracle Database internally sets AUDIT_TRAIL to os. Check the alert log for details.<br> ?db, extended<br> Performs all actions of AUDIT_TRAIL=db, and also populates the SQL bind and SQL text CLOB-type columns of the SYS.AUD$ table, when available. These two columns are populated only when this parameter is specified.<br> If the database was started in read-only mode with AUDIT_TRAIL set to db, extended, then Oracle Database internally sets AUDIT_TRAIL to os. Check the alert log for details.<br> ?xml<br> Writes to the operating system audit record file in XML format. Records all elements of the AuditRecord node except Sql_Text and Sql_Bind to the operating system XML audit file.<br> ?xml, extended<br> Performs all actions of AUDIT_TRAIL=xml, and populates the SQL bind and SQL text CLOB-type columns of the SYS.AUD$ table, wherever possible. These columns are populated only when this parameter is specified.<br> You can use the SQL AUDIT statement to set auditing options regardless of the setting of this parameter.<br><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
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