什么是XMLHttpRequest

Ajax利用了一个已被内置在所有主流浏览器里的对象——XMLHttpRequest，来发送和接收HTTP请求响应。

Ajax takes advantage of an object built into all modern browsers-the

XMLHttpRequest object-to send and receive HTTP requests and

responses. An HTTP request sent via the XMLHttpRequest object does

not require the page to have or post a <form> element. The “A” in Ajax

stands for “asynchronous”, which means that the XMLHttpRequest

object's send() method returns immediately, letting the browser

processing of other HTML/JavaScript on the Web page continue while the

server processes the HTTP request and sends the response. While

asynchronous requests are the default, the reader can optionally send

synchronous requests, which halt other Web page processing until the page

receives the server's response.

Microsoft introduced the XMLHttpRequest object as an ActiveX

object in Internet Explorer (IE) 5. Other browser manufacturers,

recognizing the object's utility, implemented the XMLHttpRequest

object in their browsers, but as a native JavaScript object rather than as an

ActiveX object. In turn, recognizing the value and security in that

implementation type, Microsoft has recast the XMLHttpRequest in IE

7 as a window object property. Even when the implementation (and thus

invocation) details differ, all the browsers' implementations have similar

functionality and essentially identical methods. The W3C is working to

standardize the XMLHttpRequest object, releasing a working draft of

the W3C specification1.

This chapter discusses the XMLHttpRequest object API in detail,

listing and explaining all the properties and methods.