本文介绍了如何通过设置RMAN的RATE参数来控制备份过程中的I/O速度，从而减轻备份操作对OLTP系统性能的影响。文章通过具体示例展示了如何配置RATE参数并观察其效果。
利用RATE参数限制RMAN备份的IO速度！
ORACLE真是博大精深呀。只有你想不到的没有ORACLE做不到的。。比如为了减少在RMAN备份时对系统特别是OLTP系统性能的影响。我们可以利用RATE这个参数。现举一例，
RMAN> connect target
connected to target database: CPPRD (DBID=839729677)
using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog
RMAN> show all;
RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/global/oracle2/orahome2/product/9.2.0/dbs/snapcf_CPPRD.f'; # default
RMAN>backup database;
another window :
vmstat 3
tin tout kps tps servkps tps servkps tps servkps tps serv us sy wt id
0 28 16948 164142 3 0 817443 282 11 3 0 10 28 19 72
1 80 13580 221215 3 0 514659 238 11 3 0 15 28 17 74
1701 14953 194170 3 0 613624 218 11 3 0 8 18 16 74
0 28 17594 157126 3 0 718835 310 11 3 0 33 2 10 23 66
0 28 14591 175163 3 0 714806 240 11 3 0 23 1 10 18 71
0 28 15618 187169 3 0 815256 249 10 3 0 12 28 17 73
0 28 16298 176125 3 0 814987 250 10 3 0 7 19 17 72
0 28 14321 208177 3 1 715024 243 11 3 1 59 1 11 18 69
0 28 13044 217179 3 0 813104 212 9 3 0 18 19 11 78
0 28 14099 199156 3 0 712992 212 9 3 0 75 29 15 74
0 28 12370 201178 3 0 813312 220 10 3 0 19 28 15 75
1 28 13087 214156 3 0 811875 212 9 3 0 14 39 14 74
1701 18475 185151 3 0 718176 295 9 3 0 8 2 11 19 69
0 28 17639 154103 3 0 717119 279 9 3 0 23 29 16 73
0 28 17413 160103 3 0 716654 272 10 3 0 86 2 10 17 71
0 28 13180 205214 3 0 813797 224 10 3 0 81 19 16 74
0 28 13663 197180 3 0 714371 231 11 3 0 12 1 10 17 72
0 28 13949 214171 3 1 713440 219 10 3 1 30 1 11 16 72
RMAN>configure channel device type disk rate 1k ;
RMAN>backup database;
$ iostat 3
tty 2/md52 2/md62 2/md72 2/md82 cpu
tin tout kps tps servkps tps servkps tps servkps tps serv us sy wt id
0 4 8 1 2 23 1 3158 4106 17 1 2 8 272 62
0 78 0 0 0 3 0 7 3 0 8 3 0 15 030 97
5 27 0 0 0 3 0 8 3 0 9 3 0 16 030 97
1 99 4 1 10 8 1 7 8 1 14 8 1 11 241 93
0588 809 9 65 56 7 5 9111 6 35 4 14 044 92
0 27 305 5 42 3 0 6 24 3 8 13 2 7 132 94
0 27 70312 46 35 4 4 16 2 4 8 1 10 033 94
0 27 275846101 19 2 419524 4 3 0 19 243 91
0 27 172829 93 35 4 5 8 1 10 5 1 14 031 96
0 27 277349 97 27 3 5 5 1 13 8 1 10 031 96
0 27 275846 98 5 1 6 3 0 0 5 1 7 040 96
0 27 310552107 8 1 7 3 0 7 5 1 11 040 96
0 27 242041 76 5 1 6 11 1 10 5 1 11 030 96
0 27 242342 84 10 4 5 12 5 7 6 2 11 041 95
0 27 276447106 11 1 5 5 1 8 3 0 15 040 96
0 27 280440119 5 1 7 3 0 9 5 1 10 041 95
0 27 207519 58 5 1 6 3 0 10 8 1 10 041 95
0 27 228921 67 5 1 7 5 1 8 11 1 8 040 95
0 27 241722 71 8 1 5 3 0 8 3 0 16 040 96
tty 2/md52 2/md62 2/md72 2/md82 cpu
tin tout kps tps servkps tps servkps tps servkps tps serv us sy wt id
0 27 234721 69 5 1 6 3 0 19 3 0 9 040 96
0 79 265124 59 3 0 7 3 0 8 3 0 19 030 97
0 27 181416 61 5 1 6 3 0 19 3 0 11 030 96
0 27 232821 65 8 1 7 3 0 8 3 0 19 040 95
0 27 202719 59 3 1 6 3 1 11 3 1 13 040 95
0136 1031 9 76 3 0 8 3 0 9 3 0 16 030 97
0 27 0 0 0 3 0 6 3 0 10 3 0 16 020 98
ORACLE真是博大精深呀。只有你想不到的没有ORACLE做不到的。。比如为了减少在RMAN备份时对系统特别是OLTP系统性能的影响。我们可以利用RATE这个参数。现举一例，
RMAN> connect target
connected to target database: CPPRD (DBID=839729677)
using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog
RMAN> show all;
RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/global/oracle2/orahome2/product/9.2.0/dbs/snapcf_CPPRD.f'; # default
RMAN>backup database;
another window :
vmstat 3
tin tout kps tps servkps tps servkps tps servkps tps serv us sy wt id
0 28 16948 164142 3 0 817443 282 11 3 0 10 28 19 72
1 80 13580 221215 3 0 514659 238 11 3 0 15 28 17 74
1701 14953 194170 3 0 613624 218 11 3 0 8 18 16 74
0 28 17594 157126 3 0 718835 310 11 3 0 33 2 10 23 66
0 28 14591 175163 3 0 714806 240 11 3 0 23 1 10 18 71
0 28 15618 187169 3 0 815256 249 10 3 0 12 28 17 73
0 28 16298 176125 3 0 814987 250 10 3 0 7 19 17 72
0 28 14321 208177 3 1 715024 243 11 3 1 59 1 11 18 69
0 28 13044 217179 3 0 813104 212 9 3 0 18 19 11 78
0 28 14099 199156 3 0 712992 212 9 3 0 75 29 15 74
0 28 12370 201178 3 0 813312 220 10 3 0 19 28 15 75
1 28 13087 214156 3 0 811875 212 9 3 0 14 39 14 74
1701 18475 185151 3 0 718176 295 9 3 0 8 2 11 19 69
0 28 17639 154103 3 0 717119 279 9 3 0 23 29 16 73
0 28 17413 160103 3 0 716654 272 10 3 0 86 2 10 17 71
0 28 13180 205214 3 0 813797 224 10 3 0 81 19 16 74
0 28 13663 197180 3 0 714371 231 11 3 0 12 1 10 17 72
0 28 13949 214171 3 1 713440 219 10 3 1 30 1 11 16 72
RMAN>configure channel device type disk rate 1k ;
RMAN>backup database;
$ iostat 3
tty 2/md52 2/md62 2/md72 2/md82 cpu
tin tout kps tps servkps tps servkps tps servkps tps serv us sy wt id
0 4 8 1 2 23 1 3158 4106 17 1 2 8 272 62
0 78 0 0 0 3 0 7 3 0 8 3 0 15 030 97
5 27 0 0 0 3 0 8 3 0 9 3 0 16 030 97
1 99 4 1 10 8 1 7 8 1 14 8 1 11 241 93
0588 809 9 65 56 7 5 9111 6 35 4 14 044 92
0 27 305 5 42 3 0 6 24 3 8 13 2 7 132 94
0 27 70312 46 35 4 4 16 2 4 8 1 10 033 94
0 27 275846101 19 2 419524 4 3 0 19 243 91
0 27 172829 93 35 4 5 8 1 10 5 1 14 031 96
0 27 277349 97 27 3 5 5 1 13 8 1 10 031 96
0 27 275846 98 5 1 6 3 0 0 5 1 7 040 96
0 27 310552107 8 1 7 3 0 7 5 1 11 040 96
0 27 242041 76 5 1 6 11 1 10 5 1 11 030 96
0 27 242342 84 10 4 5 12 5 7 6 2 11 041 95
0 27 276447106 11 1 5 5 1 8 3 0 15 040 96
0 27 280440119 5 1 7 3 0 9 5 1 10 041 95
0 27 207519 58 5 1 6 3 0 10 8 1 10 041 95
0 27 228921 67 5 1 7 5 1 8 11 1 8 040 95
0 27 241722 71 8 1 5 3 0 8 3 0 16 040 96
tty 2/md52 2/md62 2/md72 2/md82 cpu
tin tout kps tps servkps tps servkps tps servkps tps serv us sy wt id
0 27 234721 69 5 1 6 3 0 19 3 0 9 040 96
0 79 265124 59 3 0 7 3 0 8 3 0 19 030 97
0 27 181416 61 5 1 6 3 0 19 3 0 11 030 96
0 27 232821 65 8 1 7 3 0 8 3 0 19 040 95
0 27 202719 59 3 1 6 3 1 11 3 1 13 040 95
0136 1031 9 76 3 0 8 3 0 9 3 0 16 030 97
0 27 0 0 0 3 0 6 3 0 10 3 0 16 020 98
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