《Queries and interfaces》

本文介绍了文本检索中关键的预处理技术,包括停用词过滤、词干分析及拼写纠错。停用词过滤用于去除常见但无实际意义的词汇;词干分析则将词汇还原为其基本形式;而拼写纠错利用编辑距离等方法纠正用户输入错误。
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query 的停用词和词干分析

停用词比较简单,就是一些简单的单词,如to,for等词。但是单这些单词在一些特殊的组合中的时候是不能去除的。

词干分析:就是把一些单词的名词复数、形容词归一化的简单的名称。但是这种也有特殊情况,有的是不能简单的归一化的。这些词的复数或者ing形式一般会表示一些特殊的意义。
拼写纠错:拼写纠错一般的方法就是通过编辑距离来的。不过对于英文来说有一些规则:如果首字母很少修改;单词的长度不变。
当拼写纠错可能找到多种可能的时候,通过频率降序排列。把可能性大的放在最前面。

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基于数据驱动的 Koopman 算子的递归神经网络模型线性化,用于纳米定位系统的预测控制研究(Matlab代码实现)内容概要:本文围绕“基于数据驱动的Koopman算子的递归神经网络模型线性化”展开,旨在研究纳米定位系统的预测控制方法。通过结合数据驱动技术与Koopman算子理论,将非线性系统动态近似为高维线性系统,进而利用递归神经网络(RNN)建模并实现系统行为的精确预测。文中详细阐述了模型构建流程、线性化策略及在预测控制中的集成应用,并提供了完整的Matlab代码实现,便于科研人员复现实验、优化算法并拓展至其他精密控制系统。该方法有效提升了纳米级定位系统的控制精度与动态响应性能。; 适合人群:具备自动控制、机器学习或信号处理背景,熟悉Matlab编程,从事精密仪器控制、智能制造或先进控制算法研究的研究生、科研人员及工程技术人员。; 使用场景及目标:①实现非线性动态系统的数据驱动线性化建模;②提升纳米定位平台的轨迹跟踪与预测控制性能;③为高精度控制系统提供可复现的Koopman-RNN融合解决方案; 阅读建议:建议结合Matlab代码逐段理解算法实现细节,重点关注Koopman观测矩阵构造、RNN训练流程与模型预测控制器(MPC)的集成方式,鼓励在实际硬件平台上验证并调整参数以适应具体应用场景。
SNMPv2 defines the get-bulk operation, which allows a management application to retrieve a large section of a table at once. The standard get operation can attempt to retrieve more than one MIB object at once, but message sizes are limited by the agent's capabilities. If the agent can't return all the requested responses, it returns an error message with no data. The get-bulk operation, on the other hand, tells the agent to send as much of the response back as it can. This means that incomplete responses are possible. Two fields must be set when issuing a get-bulk command: nonrepeaters and max-repetitions. Nonrepeaters tells the get-bulk command that the first N objects can be retrieved with a simple get-next operation. Max-repetitions tells the get-bulk command to attempt up to Mget-next operations to retrieve the remaining objects.   Assume we're requesting three bindings: sysDescr, ifInOctets, and ifOutOctets. The total number of variable bindings that we've requested is given by the formula N + (M * R), where N is the number of nonrepeaters (i.e., scalar objects in the request -- in this case 1, because sysDescr is the only scalar object), M is max-repetitions (in this case, we've set it arbitrarily to 3), and R is the number of nonscalar objects in the request (in this case 2, because ifInOctets and ifOutOctets are both nonscalar). Plugging in the numbers from this example, we get 1 + (3 * 2) = 7, which is the total number of variable bindings that can be returned by this get-bulk request.   The Net-SNMP package comes with a command for issuing get-bulk queries. If we execute this command using all the parameters previously discussed, it will look like the following:   $ snmpbulkget -v2c -B 1 3 linux.ora.com public sysDescr ifInOctets ifOutOctets   system.sysDescr.0 = "Linux linux 2.2.5-15 #3 Thu May 27 19:33:18 EDT 1999 i686"   interfaces.ifTable.ifEntry.ifInOctets.1 = 70840   interfaces.ifTable.ifEntry.ifOutOctets.1 = 70840   interfaces.ifTable.ifEntry.ifInOctets.2 = 143548020   interfaces.ifTable.ifEntry.ifOutOctets.2 = 111725152   interfaces.ifTable.ifEntry.ifInOctets.3 = 0   interfaces.ifTable.ifEntry.ifOutOctets.3 = 0   Since get-bulk is an SNMPv2 command, you have to tell snmpgetbulk to use an SNMPv2 PDU with the -v2c option. The nonrepeaters and max-repetitions are set with the -B 1 3 option. This sets nonrepeaters to 1 and max-repetitions to 3. Notice that the command returned seven variable bindings: one for sysDescr and three each for ifInOctets and ifOutOctets.            Non-repeaters and maxRepetitions   They are used in getBulk.   Definition of Non-repeaters:- The Non-repeater specifies the number of variables in the variable-bindings list for which a single OID (lexicographic successor) is to be returned.      Definition of maxRepetitions :- The max-repetitions specifies the number of OIDs (lexicographic successor)to be returned for the remaining variables (total variables - nonrepeaters)in the variable bindings list.      For clearer understanding, Let us assume Nonrepeater=4, and Max-Repetitions=3;      If get values with OID lists which are .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.1.0, .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.2.0 , .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.3.0, .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.4.0, .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.5.0, .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.6.0 , and the method is getNext.      NonRepeater value is 4. So the first four variable returns a single lexicographic successor.   Request OIDs ----> Response   .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.1.0 ---> .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.2.0 and its value   .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.2.0 ---> .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.3.0 and its value   1.3.6.1.2.1.11.3.0 ---> .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.4.0 and its value   .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.4.0 ---> .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.5.0 and its value      The subsequent OIDs in the OIDs list to be returned the number of max-repetitions lexicographic successor.   Request ---> Response   .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.5.0 --> .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.6.0, .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.7.0, .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.8.0 and its value.      Request ---> Response   .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.6.0 --> .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.7.0, .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.8.0 , .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.9.0 and its value.      So the response will be,      .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.2.0 and its value   .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.3.0 and its value   .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.4.0 and its value   .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.5.0 and its value   .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.6.0 and its value   .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.7.0 and its value   .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.7.0 and its value   .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.8.0 and its value   .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.8.0 and its value   .1.3.6.1.2.1.11.9.0 and its value
11-14
SNMPv2的get - bulk操作提供了一种通过单个SNMP请求获取相对大量数据的方法,允许管理应用程序一次性检索表的大部分内容[^1][^3]。 ### 原理 get - bulk操作所对应的基本操作类型是GetNext操作。它通过对Non repeaters和Max repetitions参数的设定,高效率地从Agent获取大量管理对象数据。管理站使用get - bulk操作时,会发送一个请求给代理,代理根据请求中的参数返回一系列的管理对象值[^2]。 ### 参数定义 - **Non repeaters**:该参数指定了只需要获取一个实例的对象数量。也就是说,对于请求中的前Non repeaters个对象标识符(OID),代理只返回一个实例的值。 - **Max repetitions**:此参数指定了对于除前Non repeaters个OID之外的其他OID,代理应该返回的最大实例数量。 ### 使用示例 以下是一个使用Python的`pysnmp`库实现SNMPv2 get - bulk操作的示例代码: ```python from pysnmp.hlapi import * # 创建SNMP引擎 snmpEngine = SnmpEngine() # 定义目标设备的地址和团体名 target = CommunityData('public') transport = UdpTransportTarget(('demo.snmplabs.com', 161)) # 定义Non repeaters和Max repetitions参数 nonRepeaters = 0 maxRepetitions = 25 # 定义要获取的OID oid = ObjectType(ObjectIdentity('SNMPv2-MIB', 'sysDescr', 0)) # 执行get - bulk操作 errorIndication, errorStatus, errorIndex, varBindTable = next( bulkCmd(snmpEngine, target, transport, ContextData(), nonRepeaters, maxRepetitions, oid) ) # 处理结果 if errorIndication: print(f'Error: {errorIndication}') elif errorStatus: print(f'Error: {errorStatus.prettyPrint()} at index {errorIndex}') else: for varBindRow in varBindTable: for varBind in varBindRow: print(f'{varBind[0].prettyPrint()} = {varBind[1].prettyPrint()}') ``` 在上述代码中,`nonRepeaters`设置为0,表示所有OID都将根据`maxRepetitions`的值返回多个实例。`maxRepetitions`设置为25,表示对于每个OID,代理最多返回25个实例的值。
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