hive优化---待补充

本文深入探讨了Hive优化技巧,包括避免MapReduce执行的条件、设置本地模式及处理groupby、having等语句的方法。同时,提供了解决数据倾斜问题的实践建议,如设置SQL过滤条件和开启特定的Hive配置。此外,文章还详细阐述了Join优化策略,特别是如何合理安排驱动表和被连接表的位置以提高性能。通过案例分析,展示了如何使用标志机制和优化器提示来提升Join操作效率。

 

 

 

 

 

hive优化:   http://itindex.net/detail/46074-hive-%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96-tips  it瘾的。   hive优化是一个课题 需要在仔细整理
http://www.aboutyun.com/thread-7392-1-1.html  hive join 细节


什么时候可以避免执行MapReduce?
select *
where语句中只有分区字段
set hive.exec.mode.local.auto=true;  设置为本地模式
group by语句
having语句
order by、sort by、distribute by、cluster by语句
orderby是全局排序、sort by是单reduce排序、distribute by是分区字段;
cluster by是distribute by和sort by的简写。


select ip,count(1) as nums from stu group by ip sort by nums desc limit 100;  top(100)
以ip为分类, 以统计个数升序排列展示


join优化:
驱动表(数据最多的表)最右边
join中查询表表的大小从左边到右边依次增大


标志机制
显示的告知查询优化器哪张表示大表
/*+streamtable(table_name)*/  eg:
select  /*+streamtable(stu)*/    显示告知hive编译器 stu是这个join中最大的表  
a.*, b.name from stu a join tea b on  a.id=b.sid;


数据倾斜:
1 怎么看到数据倾斜了,
 是reduce状态是99%一直卡在那,数据倾斜大部分数据都集中在reduce的某个文件中造成这个
 reduce迟迟完不成。
2 哪些原因造成了倾斜

Mr优化:
什么样的依据说把block从128调成256或者64M---> 根据数据源,比如是视频,看视频平均大小
  如果平都都是J几M
集群配置 知道了 才能在优化时候 根据内存 CPU个数来确定容器下map  reduce内存和容器个数


hive group by时,某些字段是NULL或者0时,最容易出现倾斜,
写SQL时, select * from t1 where a!=0;    where name is not null; 过滤掉这些容易倾斜的。
同时开启set hive.map.aggr=true;  
这个设置可以将顶层的聚合操作放在Map阶段执行,从而减轻清洗阶段数据传输和Reduce阶段的执行时间,提升总体性能。

 

<think>Hmm, the user is asking for specific details about the "20250731 - dim_cust_base_cust_label_day optimization task" after previously discussing SLA concepts. Interesting shift from theoretical to very concrete technical work. Looking at the context, the user seems to be a data engineer or platform operator based on the Hive/SQL references in citation [2] and the shell script tool in [3]. The customer table structure in [1] suggests they're working with customer profile data. The real challenge here is that the user's question lacks critical context they probably assume I have. They mention an "optimization task" but provide zero details about what needs optimizing - is it query performance? Storage costs? Freshness? The date format "20250731" implies this is a time-sensitive production task, likely part of their daily ETL pipeline. I recall in our SLA discussion they cared about measurable metrics, so I should frame my response around optimization KPIs. Since they referenced ORC formats earlier, I'll assume storage efficiency matters. The mention of "cust_label_day" suggests this is a daily customer labeling table - probably high volume data. *checks system instructions* Need to carefully format any technical terms like $compression_ratio$ while keeping the response in Chinese. The user clearly expects concrete action items, not theoretical advice. The safest approach is to list common optimization dimensions for such tables while inviting specifics. I'll structure it as: 1) clarify objectives 2) describe current state 3) propose methods. That covers their implicit needs without overpromising. Noting they previously asked about SLA challenges - this optimization task is exactly where SLAs get tested. Should subtly connect those dots if they ask follow-ups.</think>关于`20250731 - dim_cust_base_cust_label_day`优化任务的具体要求,需结合数据仓库优化通用原则和引用内容分析如下: ### 一、核心优化目标(基于引用推断) 1. **存储格式优化** 引用[2]显示需将表转换为**ORC格式**,以提升压缩率和查询性能: ```sql CREATE TABLE ${hiveconf:customerTableName} STORED AS ${hiveconf:tableFormat} -- 此处${tableFormat}应为ORC ``` *目标*:降低存储成本,加速查询响应(ORC的列式存储特性)[^2]。 2. **数据模型重构** 表名`dim_cust_base_cust_label_day`表明这是客户标签主题的**维度表**,优化可能涉及: - 冗余字段消除(如引用[1]的`customer`表含邮箱、国家等低频字段) - 分区策略调整(按`day`分区可能需优化为月/周分区) - 标签稀疏矩阵压缩存储(尤其当标签量>1000时) 3. **ETL流程改进** 引用[3]提到**Shell调度工具**的路径递归查找: ```shell extract_shell_call_path # 确保调度链路无冗余脚本 ``` *目标*:缩短任务执行时间,避免资源浪费[^3]。 --- ### 二、关键性能指标(SLA关联) 根据历史讨论的SLA框架[^1][^2],本任务需量化: 1. **存储效率** $$ compression\_ratio = \frac{raw\_size}{orc\_size} $$ 目标值通常要求 ≥ 4:1 2. **查询性能** - 标签查询P95延迟 ≤ 3s - 全表扫描吞吐量 ≥ 100GB/min 3. **任务时效性** - 每日增量处理完成时间 ≤ 1小时 - 历史数据回溯完成时间 ≤ 6小时 --- ### 三、实施建议 1. **ORC参数调优** ```sql CREATE TABLE ... STORED AS ORC TBLPROPERTIES ("orc.compress"="ZLIB", "orc.row.index.stride"="10000") -- 索引步长影响查询速度和压缩比 ``` 2. **数据冷热分离** 将引用[1]中`N 17 4 1988`(生日)等低频字段归档至独立存储[^1]。 3. **验证链路健壮性** 使用引用[3]的`extract_shell_call_path`工具清理无效调度节点,减少依赖层级[^3]。 > 📌 **需用户补充**:当前任务瓶颈的具体表现(如执行时长、资源占用率),以便针对性设计优化方案。 ---
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