linux下配置JAVA常用的编程环境

1.Linux下JDK的安装
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>至于下载JDK的二进制可执行文件,这里就不讲了,大家直接到官方网去下载就可以了.
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>(1)</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>我下载下来的JDK安装文件名称为:jdk-1_5_0_14-linux-i586-rpm.bin,我把它保存在/tools目录下.
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>(2)</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>打开一个终端,依次输入以下命令:
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal"># cd /tools<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></span></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>进入JDK安装包所在的目录
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr># ls -l<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>列出该目录下文件的信息,看JDK安装文件是否具有可执行权限(通常没有)
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr># chmod 755 jdk-1_5_0_14-linux-i586-rpm.bin<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>若无执行权限,则执行这一步.
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr># ./jdk-1_5_0_14-linux-i586-rpm.bin<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>执行JDK安装文件
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr># ls -l<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>再次查看/tools,发现多了一个JDK的rpm包
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr># rpm -ivh jdk*.rpm<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>安装JDK的rpm包
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>如果以前有安装过JDK,你可以尝试强行安装:
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr># rpm -ivh --force jdk*.rpm</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr># cd /usr/java<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>成功安装后,可以在/usr文件下看到有一个java文件
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><strong><span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal">(3)</span></strong></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>环境变量的配置
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>在windows下学过JAVA的朋友都知道,要配置环境变量,在LINUX下也不例外.
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>在LINUX下配置环境变量,需要修改/etc/profile这个文件,步骤如下:
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal"><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr># vi /etc/profile<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></span><span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal"><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></span></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>用vi编辑器打开该文件进行编辑(添加环境变量)
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>然后在文件的最尾部加入以下代码:
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal">JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.5.0-14<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></span><span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal">( JDK</span></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>版本视自己的安装版本而定)
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>export JAVA_HOME<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>export PATH</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>export CLASSPATH</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>到这里,JDK就完全安装好了,你可以在终端运行# java或# javac来测试一下是否安装成功了.接下来就是JAVA IDE的安装了,这里介绍Eclipse的安装.
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal">2.Linux</span></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>下Eclipse的安装
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>熟悉Eclipse的朋友都知道,它是一款免安装的软件,只需要解压缩就可以正常使用(前提是已正确安装JDK).同样,这里也不介绍它的下载了,去官方(http://www.eclipse.org/)下它的安装包.
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>我下载得到的Eclipse包是: eclipse-java-europa-fall2-linux-gtk.tar.gz ,也同样保存在/tools下.
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>执行以下命令:
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal"># gunzip eclipse-java-europa-fall2-linux-gtk.tar.gz</span><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>执行完上面的命令后,会发现有一个: eclipse-java-europa-fall2-linux-gtk.tar包.
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal"># tar -xvf eclipse-java-europa-fall2-linux-gtk.tar<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></span></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>解压安装
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>好了,Eclipse的安装就完成了,简单吧.你将会在/tools/eclipse下找到它.
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal">3.Tomcat</span></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>的安装
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>在官方网www.apache.org去下载TOMCAT的安装包,下载得到的包是:apache-tomcat-5.5.26.tar.gz,同样把它放在/tools目录下,然后在终端执行命令:
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr># tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-5.5.26.tar.gz
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>这样就在/tools目录下多了一个apache-tomcat-5.5.26的文件夹,这样TOMCAT就安装好了,接下来还需要设置一下环境变量.
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr># vi /etc/profile<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>用vi编辑器打开该文件进行编辑(添加环境变量)
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>然后在文件的最尾部加入以下代码:
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>CATALINA_HOME=/tools/apache-tomcat-5.5.26<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>(tomcat版本视自己的安装版本而定)
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>export CATALINA_HOME<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>保存退出.
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>到这里TOMCAT的安装已经完成,现在我们来测试下是否安装成功.现在在终端运行命令:
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr># /tools/tomcat*/bin/startup.sh<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>开启TOMCAT服务器<wbr></wbr><wbr></wbr>
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>然后打开浏览器,输入http://localhost:8080如果你看到那只可爱的小猫了,就证明安装成功了!

5.<wbr></wbr>环境设置OK，看看JDK是否能正常工作，我们来写一个测试文件test.java

[root@LinuxServer<wbr>rpm]#vi<wbr>test.java<br><br> class<wbr>test<br><br> {<br><br> public<wbr>static<wbr>void<wbr>main(String[]<wbr>args)<br><br> {<br><br> System.out.println("Hello<wbr>World!");<br><br> }<br><br> }<br><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>保存退出，下面来编译、执行；

[root@LinuxServer<wbr>text]#<wbr>javac<wbr>test.java<br><br> [root@LinuxServer<wbr>text]#<wbr>JAVA<wbr>test<br><br> Hello<wbr>World!<br><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>工作正常。

6.<wbr></wbr>如果要使某个用户具有运行java命令的权限，只要修改其bash初始化文件即可。

比如要给用户longware以运行java命令的权限，

[root@LinuxServer<wbr>root]#<wbr>vi<wbr>/home/longware/.bashrc<br><br> set<wbr>JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/j2sdk1.4.2_06<br><br> export<wbr>JAVA_HOME<br><br> set<wbr>PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin<br><br> export<wbr>PATH<br><br> set<wbr>CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar<br><br> export<wbr>CLASSPATH<br><br> 7.<wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>至此，Linux上JDK的安装完毕。下面安装eclipse-SDK-3.0-linux-gtk.zip去www.eclipse.org下载一个eclipse3.0.<wbr></wbr>将eclipse-SDK-3.0-linux-gtk.zip解压到/opt中

8、编写一个脚本用于启动eclipse

#!/bin/bash

#

#<wbr></wbr>执行<wbr></wbr>eclipse<wbr>3<br><br> #<br><br> export<wbr>JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/j2sdk1.4.2_06<br><br> export<wbr>CLASSPATH=/usr/java/j2sdk1.4.2_06/lib<br><br> /opt/eclipse/eclipse<wbr>-vm<wbr>/usr/java/j2sdk1.4.2_06/bin/java<wbr>-data<wbr>/home/chenzhe/wo<br><br> rkspace<wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>＆

#<wbr>-vm<wbr></wbr></wbr>参数用以指定使用哪一个<wbr></wbr>jvm<wbr></wbr>来执行Eclipse，

#<wbr>-date</wbr>参数用以指定Eclipse的数据目录。

在此指定其存在用户根目录(/home/chenzhe/)下的workspace目录中

将脚本保存到/usr/local/bin中，叫eclipse，并给eclipse分配755权限

9、在桌面上创建一个启动器，随便选一个图标,路径设置到/opt/eclipse/eclipse，/opt/eclipse/icon.xpm是eclipse自身带的图标.