Android 自动发送邮件

本文简述的是在Android平台如何自动发送邮件（没有邮件编写界面），主要应用场景为忘记密码等安全等级较高的操作，比如我忘记密码了，点击“发送密码到我的邮箱”系统会将密码发送到注册时的电子邮件地址。

Android平台邮件客户端

Gmail: Gmai电子邮件客户端

Email: 通用的电子邮件客户端

解决方案

Gmail

Gmail已经支持自动发送了，所以非常简单。在使用时，需要添加

<uses-permission android:name="com.google.android.gm.permission.AUTO_SEND" /> 到AndroidManifest.xml

示例代码如下：

Java代码

1. Intentintent=newIntent("com.google.android.gm.action.AUTO_SEND");
2. intent.setType("plain/text");
3. String[]reciver=newString[]{"xxxx@xxx.com"};
4. Stringsubject="emailtitle";
5. Stringbody="emailbody";
6. intent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL,reciver);
7. intent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT,subject);
8. intent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_TEXT,body);

		 Intent intent = new Intent("com.google.android.gm.action.AUTO_SEND");
		 intent.setType("plain/text");
		 String[] reciver = new String[] { "xxxx@xxx.com" };
		 String subject = "email title";
		 String body = "email body";
		 intent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, reciver);
		 intent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, subject);
		 intent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, body);

Email

Email不支持自动发送，但又是默认邮件客户端，所以需要添加自动发送功能。主要实现步骤为：

编写一个自动发送邮件类

主要功能为：接收用户输入，组装message对象，获取Sender实例，将message发送出去，最后删除message对象（这样已发送的邮件内容不会出现在client中，提高发安全性）

Java代码

1. packagecom.android.email.activity;
3. importandroid.app.Activity;
4. importandroid.app.ProgressDialog;
5. importandroid.content.ContentUris;
6. importandroid.content.Context;
7. importandroid.content.Intent;
8. importandroid.os.AsyncTask;
9. importandroid.os.Bundle;
10. importandroid.text.TextUtils;
11. importandroid.util.Log;
12. importandroid.view.View;
13. importandroid.view.Window;
14. importandroid.net.Uri;
15. importandroid.widget.Toast;
17. importcom.android.emailcommon.provider.EmailContent;
18. importcom.android.emailcommon.provider.EmailContent.Account;
19. importcom.android.emailcommon.provider.EmailContent.Message;
20. importcom.android.emailcommon.mail.MessagingException;
21. importcom.android.emailcommon.mail.Address;
22. importcom.android.emailcommon.utility.Utility;
23. importcom.android.emailcommon.mail.AuthenticationFailedException;
24. importcom.android.email.EmailAddressValidator;
25. importcom.android.email.mail.Sender;
27. /**
28. *SendemailinbackgroundwithaccountconfiguredinEmailapplication.
29. *Sendingmessagewillnotsavedasdraftorinout-goingbox.Usage:
30. *
31. *<pre>
32. *Intentintent=newIntent(&quot;com.android.email.intent.action.sendInBack&quot;);
33. *String[]reciver=newString[]{&quot;your_name@corp.com&quot;};
34. *Stringsubject=&quot;emailtitle&quot;;
35. *Stringbody=&quot;emailbody&quot;;
36. *intent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL,reciver[0]);
37. *intent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT,subject);
38. *intent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_TEXT,body);
39. *startActivityForResult(Intent.createChooser(intent,&quot;send&quot;),0x02);
40. *</pre>
41. *
42. *Now,attachmentandmulti-receiverfunctionisunsupported.
43. *
44. *@authormelord
45. *
46. */
47. publicclassEmailSendAutoActivityextendsActivityimplementsSendListener{
49. privatestaticStringtag="EmailSendAutoAcitivity";
50. privateContextmContext;
52. privateStringmTo;
53. privateStringmCc;
54. privateStringmBcc;
55. privateStringmSubject;
56. privateStringmBody;
58. privateEmailAddressValidatormValidator=newEmailAddressValidator();
59. privateSendListenermListener;
60. privateToastmWaiting;
61. privatebooleanenableLog=true;
63. /**
64. *Sendingaccountemailaddress.
65. */
66. privateStringmSendEmail;
67. /**
68. *Sendingaccountid
69. */
70. privatelongmAccountId=-1;
72. @Override
73. protectedvoidonCreate(BundlesavedInstanceState){
74. super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
75. this.mContext=this;
76. requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
78. mListener=this;
79. Intentintent=getIntent();
80. initMessageFromIntent(intent);
81. initAccountFromIntent(intent);
83. newSendTask().execute();
84. Stringmsg=intent.getStringExtra("sendMsg");
85. if(msg==null){
86. msg="Sendingmessage...";
87. }
88. //mWaiting=ProgressDialog.show(this,"","sending...",true,true,
89. //null);
90. mWaiting=Toast.makeText(this,msg,Toast.LENGTH_LONG);
91. mWaiting.show();
92. }
94. @Override
95. publicvoidonBackPressed(){
96. if(mWaiting!=null){
97. mWaiting.cancel();
98. }
99. super.onBackPressed();
100. }
102. @Override
103. publicvoidfinish(){
104. if(mWaiting!=null){
105. mWaiting.cancel();
106. }
107. super.finish();
108. }
110. /**
111. *Initializesendingaccountfromintent.
112. *
113. *@paramintent
114. *imcomingintent
115. */
116. privatevoidinitAccountFromIntent(Intentintent){
117. Stringemail=intent.getStringExtra("sendAccount");
118. if(email!=null){
119. log(String.format("sendemailuseaccount(%s)",email));
120. mSendEmail=email;
121. Long[]ids=EmailContent.Account.getAllAccountIds(this);
122. if(ids!=null&&ids.length>0){
123. for(inti=0;i<ids.length;i++){
124. EmailContent.Accounttemp=EmailContent.Account
125. .restoreAccountWithId(this,ids[i]);
126. if(temp!=null&&email.equals(temp.getEmailAddress())){
127. log("validaccount");
128. mAccountId=ids[i];
129. break;
130. }
131. }
132. }
133. }
134. }
136. /**
137. *Initializemessagefromintent.
138. *
139. *@paramintent
140. *intent
141. */
142. privatevoidinitMessageFromIntent(Intentintent){
143. Stringto=intent.getStringExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL);
144. mTo=composeAddress(to);
146. Stringcc=intent.getStringExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CC);
147. mCc=composeAddress(cc);
149. Stringbcc=intent.getStringExtra(Intent.EXTRA_BCC);
150. mBcc=composeAddress(bcc);
152. mSubject=intent.getStringExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT);
154. mBody=intent.getStringExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT);
156. log("to:"+mTo);
157. log("cc:"+mCc);
158. log("bcc:"+mBcc);
160. }
162. /**
163. *changetostandemailaddressreferencetoRfc822
164. *
165. *@paramaddress
166. *emailaddress
167. *@returnRFC822formatemailaddress
168. */
169. privateStringcomposeAddress(Stringaddress){
170. Stringaddr=null;
171. if(!TextUtils.isEmpty(address)){
172. Address[]addresses=Address.parse(address.trim());
173. addr=Address.pack(addresses);
174. }
175. returnaddr;
176. }
178. /**
179. *Updatemessage.fillfields.
180. *
181. *@parammessage
182. *emailmessage
183. *@paramaccount
184. *sendingaccount
185. */
186. privatevoidupdateMessage(Messagemessage,Accountaccount){
187. if(message.mMessageId==null||message.mMessageId.length()==0){
188. message.mMessageId=Utility.generateMessageId();
189. }
190. message.mTimeStamp=System.currentTimeMillis();
191. //itwill:Name<Address>
192. message.mFrom=newAddress(account.getEmailAddress(),account
193. .getSenderName()).pack();
194. message.mTo=mTo;
195. message.mCc=mCc;
196. message.mBcc=mBcc;
197. message.mSubject=mSubject;
198. message.mText=mBody;
199. message.mAccountKey=account.mId;
200. //herejustusedaccountsettingsimply
201. message.mDisplayName=account.getSenderName();
202. message.mFlagRead=true;
203. message.mFlagLoaded=Message.FLAG_LOADED_COMPLETE;
205. }
207. privatevoidlog(Stringmsg){
208. if(enableLog){
209. Log.i(tag,msg);
210. }
211. }
213. /**
214. *Reallysendmessage.
215. *
216. *@paramaccount
217. *sendingaccount
218. *@parammessageId
219. *messageid
220. */
221. publicvoidsendMessage(Accountaccount,longmessageId){
222. //messageuri
223. Uriuri=ContentUris.withAppendedId(EmailContent.Message.CONTENT_URI,
224. messageId);
225. try{
226. //getasender,ex.smtpsender.
227. Sendersender=Sender.getInstance(mContext,account
228. .getSenderUri(mContext));
229. //sendingstarted
230. mListener.onStarted(account.mId,messageId);
231. //sending
232. sender.sendMessage(messageId);
233. //sendcompleted
234. mListener.onCompleted(account.mId);
236. }catch(MessagingExceptionme){
237. //reporterror
238. mListener.onFailed(account.mId,messageId,me);
239. }finally{
240. try{
241. //deletethismessagewheneversendsuccessfullyornot
242. mContext.getContentResolver().delete(uri,null,null);
243. }catch(Exceptionex){
244. Log.w(tag,"deletemessageoccurexceptionmessageuri:"+uri);
245. }
246. }
247. }
249. publicvoidonCompleted(longaccountId){
250. log("sendmailok");
251. //returnActivity.RESULT_OKwhensendsuccessfully
252. setResult(RESULT_OK);
253. finish();
254. }
256. publicvoidonFailed(longaccountId,longmessageId,Exceptionex){
257. log("sendmailfailed:"+ex.toString());
258. finish();
259. }
261. publicvoidonStarted(longmessageId,longaccountId){
262. log("sendmailstarted");
263. }
265. /**
266. *Sendmessagetask,itisanasynctask
267. *
268. *@authormelord_li
269. *
270. */
271. privateclassSendTaskextendsAsyncTask<Void,Void,Void>{
272. @Override
273. protectedVoiddoInBackground(Void...params){
274. //getdefaultaccount,ifnotset,firstrecordistreatedas
275. //default.
276. //longid=Account.getDefaultAccountId(mContext);
277. longid=mAccountId;
278. if(id<0){
279. id=Account.getDefaultAccountId(mContext);
280. }
281. if(id<0){
282. Log.w(tag,"noaccountexists");
283. finish();
284. returnnull;
285. }
286. //getfullaccountmessage
287. Accountaccount=Account.restoreAccountWithId(mContext,id);
289. //Aemptymessage
290. Messagemessage=newMessage();
291. //fillmessagefield
292. updateMessage(message,account);
294. //Savethismessage.BecausesendAPIwillreadmessageinmessage
295. //db.
296. Uriuri=message.save(mContext);
297. if(uri==null){
298. Log.e(tag,"savemessageoccuredanerror");
299. finish();
300. returnnull;
301. }
303. //send
304. sendMessage(account,message.mId);
305. returnnull;
306. }
307. }
308. }
310. /**
311. *Sendingmonitor
312. *
313. *@authormelord
314. *
315. */
316. interfaceSendListener{
318. /**
319. *Sendfailed.
320. *
321. *@paramaccountId
322. *accountid
323. *@parammessageId
324. *messageid
325. *@paramex
326. *exception
327. */
328. voidonFailed(longaccountId,longmessageId,Exceptionex);
330. /**
331. *Sendbegin.
332. *
333. *@paramaccountId
334. *accountid
335. *@parammessageId
336. *messageid
337. */
338. voidonStarted(longmessageId,longaccountId);
340. /**
341. *Sendcompleted.
342. *
343. *@paramaccountId
344. *accountid
345. */
346. voidonCompleted(longaccountId);
347. }

package com.android.email.activity;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.ProgressDialog;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.Window;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.widget.Toast;

import com.android.emailcommon.provider.EmailContent;
import com.android.emailcommon.provider.EmailContent.Account;
import com.android.emailcommon.provider.EmailContent.Message;
import com.android.emailcommon.mail.MessagingException;
import com.android.emailcommon.mail.Address;
import com.android.emailcommon.utility.Utility;
import com.android.emailcommon.mail.AuthenticationFailedException;
import com.android.email.EmailAddressValidator;
import com.android.email.mail.Sender;

/**
 * Send email in background with account configured in Email application.
 * Sending message will not saved as draft or in out-going box. Usage:
 * 
 * <pre>
 * Intent intent = new Intent(&quot;com.android.email.intent.action.sendInBack&quot;);
 * String[] reciver = new String[] { &quot;your_name@corp.com&quot; };
 * String subject = &quot;email title&quot;;
 * String body = &quot;email body &quot;;
 * intent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, reciver[0]);
 * intent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, subject);
 * intent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, body);
 * startActivityForResult(Intent.createChooser(intent, &quot;send&quot;), 0x02);
 * </pre>
 * 
 * Now, attachment and multi-receiver function is unsupported.
 * 
 * @author melord
 * 
 */
public class EmailSendAutoActivity extends Activity implements SendListener {

    private static String tag = "EmailSendAutoAcitivity";
    private Context mContext;

    private String mTo;
    private String mCc;
    private String mBcc;
    private String mSubject;
    private String mBody;

    private EmailAddressValidator mValidator = new EmailAddressValidator();
    private SendListener mListener;
    private Toast mWaiting;
    private boolean enableLog = true;

    /**
     * Sending account email address.
     */
    private String mSendEmail;
    /**
     * Sending account id
     */
    private long mAccountId = -1;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        this.mContext = this;
        requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);

        mListener = this;
        Intent intent = getIntent();
        initMessageFromIntent(intent);
        initAccountFromIntent(intent);

        new SendTask().execute();
        String msg = intent.getStringExtra("sendMsg");
        if (msg == null) {
            msg = "Sending message...";
        }
        // mWaiting = ProgressDialog.show(this, "", "sending...", true, true,
        // null);
        mWaiting = Toast.makeText(this, msg, Toast.LENGTH_LONG);
        mWaiting.show();
    }

    @Override
    public void onBackPressed() {
        if (mWaiting != null) {
            mWaiting.cancel();
        }
        super.onBackPressed();
    }

    @Override
    public void finish() {
        if (mWaiting != null) {
            mWaiting.cancel();
        }
        super.finish();
    }

    /**
     * Initialize sending account from intent.
     * 
     * @param intent
     *            imcoming intent
     */
    private void initAccountFromIntent(Intent intent) {
        String email = intent.getStringExtra("sendAccount");
        if (email != null) {
            log(String.format("send email use account (%s) ", email));
            mSendEmail = email;
            Long[] ids = EmailContent.Account.getAllAccountIds(this);
            if (ids != null && ids.length > 0) {
                for (int i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
                    EmailContent.Account temp = EmailContent.Account
                            .restoreAccountWithId(this, ids[i]);
                    if (temp != null && email.equals(temp.getEmailAddress())) {
                        log("valid account");
                        mAccountId = ids[i];
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Initialize message from intent.
     * 
     * @param intent
     *            intent
     */
    private void initMessageFromIntent(Intent intent) {
        String to = intent.getStringExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL);
        mTo = composeAddress(to);

        String cc = intent.getStringExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CC);
        mCc = composeAddress(cc);

        String bcc = intent.getStringExtra(Intent.EXTRA_BCC);
        mBcc = composeAddress(bcc);

        mSubject = intent.getStringExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT);

        mBody = intent.getStringExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT);

        log("to:" + mTo);
        log("cc:" + mCc);
        log("bcc:" + mBcc);

    }

    /**
     * change to stand email address reference to Rfc822
     * 
     * @param address
     *            email address
     * @return RFC822 format email address
     */
    private String composeAddress(String address) {
        String addr = null;
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(address)) {
            Address[] addresses = Address.parse(address.trim());
            addr = Address.pack(addresses);
        }
        return addr;
    }

    /**
     * Update message. fill fields.
     * 
     * @param message
     *            email message
     * @param account
     *            sending account
     */
    private void updateMessage(Message message, Account account) {
        if (message.mMessageId == null || message.mMessageId.length() == 0) {
            message.mMessageId = Utility.generateMessageId();
        }
        message.mTimeStamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
        // it will : Name<Address>
        message.mFrom = new Address(account.getEmailAddress(), account
                .getSenderName()).pack();
        message.mTo = mTo;
        message.mCc = mCc;
        message.mBcc = mBcc;
        message.mSubject = mSubject;
        message.mText = mBody;
        message.mAccountKey = account.mId;
        // here just used account setting simply
        message.mDisplayName = account.getSenderName();
        message.mFlagRead = true;
        message.mFlagLoaded = Message.FLAG_LOADED_COMPLETE;

    }

    private void log(String msg) {
        if (enableLog) {
            Log.i(tag, msg);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Really send message.
     * 
     * @param account
     *            sending account
     * @param messageId
     *            message id
     */
    public void sendMessage(Account account, long messageId) {
        // message uri
        Uri uri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(EmailContent.Message.CONTENT_URI,
                messageId);
        try {
            // get a sender, ex. smtp sender.
            Sender sender = Sender.getInstance(mContext, account
                    .getSenderUri(mContext));
            // sending started
            mListener.onStarted(account.mId, messageId);
            // sending
            sender.sendMessage(messageId);
            // send completed
            mListener.onCompleted(account.mId);

        } catch (MessagingException me) {
            // report error
            mListener.onFailed(account.mId, messageId, me);
        } finally {
            try {
                // delete this message whenever send successfully or not
                mContext.getContentResolver().delete(uri, null, null);
            } catch (Exception ex) {
                Log.w(tag, "delete message occur exception message uri:" + uri);
            }
        }
    }

    public void onCompleted(long accountId) {
        log("send mail ok");
        // return Activity.RESULT_OK when send successfully
        setResult(RESULT_OK);
        finish();
    }

    public void onFailed(long accountId, long messageId, Exception ex) {
        log("send mail failed : " + ex.toString());
        finish();
    }

    public void onStarted(long messageId, long accountId) {
        log("send mail started");
    }

    /**
     * Send message task, it is an async task
     * 
     * @author melord_li
     * 
     */
    private class SendTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void> {
        @Override
        protected Void doInBackground(Void... params) {
            // get default account, if not set, first record is treated as
            // default.
            // long id = Account.getDefaultAccountId(mContext);
            long id = mAccountId;
            if (id < 0) {
                id = Account.getDefaultAccountId(mContext);
            }
            if (id < 0) {
                Log.w(tag, "no account exists");
                finish();
                return null;
            }
            // get full account message
            Account account = Account.restoreAccountWithId(mContext, id);

            // A empty message
            Message message = new Message();
            // fill message field
            updateMessage(message, account);

            // Save this message. Because send API will read message in message
            // db.
            Uri uri = message.save(mContext);
            if (uri == null) {
                Log.e(tag, "save message occured an error");
                finish();
                return null;
            }

            // send
            sendMessage(account, message.mId);
            return null;
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Sending monitor
 * 
 * @author melord
 * 
 */
interface SendListener {

    /**
     * Send failed.
     * 
     * @param accountId
     *            account id
     * @param messageId
     *            message id
     * @param ex
     *            exception
     */
    void onFailed(long accountId, long messageId, Exception ex);

    /**
     * Send begin.
     * 
     * @param accountId
     *            account id
     * @param messageId
     *            message id
     */
    void onStarted(long messageId, long accountId);

    /**
     * Send completed.
     * 
     * @param accountId
     *            account id
     */
    void onCompleted(long accountId);
}

配置

Xml代码

1. <activityandroid:name=".activity.EmailSendAutoActivity"android:theme="@android:style/Theme.Translucent">
2. <intent-filter>
3. <actionandroid:name="com.android.email.intent.action.sendInBack"/>
4. <dataandroid:mimeType="*/*"/>
5. <categoryandroid:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
6. </intent-filter>
7. </activity>

        <activity android:name=".activity.EmailSendAutoActivity" android:theme="@android:style/Theme.Translucent">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.android.email.intent.action.sendInBack"/>
                <data android:mimeType="*/*" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

使用

Java代码

1. Intentintent=newIntent("com.android.email.intent.action.sendInBack");
2. String[]reciver=newString[]{"yourname@corp.com"};
3. Stringsubject="emailtitle";
4. Stringbody="emailbody";
5. intent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL,reciver[0]);
6. intent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT,subject);
7. intent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_TEXT,body);
9. startActivityForResult(Intent.createChooser(intent,"send"),0x02);

		Intent intent = new Intent("com.android.email.intent.action.sendInBack");
		String[] reciver = new String[] { "yourname@corp.com" };
		String subject = "email title";
		String body = "email body";
		intent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, reciver[0]);
		intent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, subject);
		intent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, body);

		startActivityForResult(Intent.createChooser(intent, "send"), 0x02);

处理回调

如果发送成功，会返回RESULT_OK。