面试技巧(E文)

1. So, tell me a little about yourself.
You don’t need to explain everything from birth to present day. Relevant facts about education, your career and your current life situation are fine.

2. Why are you looking (or why did you leave you last job)?
This should be a straightforward question to answer, but it can trip you up. Presumably you are looking for a new job (or any job) because you want to advance your career and get a position that allows you to grow as a person and an employee. It’s not a good idea to mention money here, it can make you sound mercenary. And if you are in the unfortunate situation of having been downsized, stay positive and be a***rief as pos***le about it. If you were fired, you’ll need a good explanation. But once again, stay positive.

3. Tell me what you know about this company.
Do your homework before you go to any interview. Whether it’***eing the VP of marketing or the mailroom clerk, you should know about the company or business you’re going to work for. Has this company been in the news lately? Who are the people in the company you should know about? Do the background work, it will make you stand out as someone who comes prepared, and is genuinely interested in the company and the job.

4. Why do you want to work at X Company?
This should be directly related to the last question. Any research you’ve done on the company should have led you to the conclusion that you’d want to work there. After all, you’re at the interview, right? Put some thought into this answer before you have your interview, mention your career goals and highlight forward-thinking goals and career plans.

5. What relevant experience do you have?
Hopefully if you’re applying for this position you have bags of related experience, and if that’s the case you should mention it all. But if you’re switching careers or trying something a little different, your experience may initially not look like it’s matching up. That’s when you need a little honest creativity to match the experiences required with the ones you have. People skills are people skills after all, you just need to show how customer service skills can apply to internal management positions, and so on.

6. If your previous co-workers were here, what would they say about you?
Ok, this is not the time for full disclosure. If some people from your past are going to say you’re a boring A-hole, you don’t need to bring that up. Stay positive, always, and maybe have a few specific quotes in mind. “They’d say I was a hard worker” or even better “John Doe has always said I was the most reliable, creative problem-solver he’d ever met.”

7. Have you done anything to further your experience?
This could include anything from night classes to hobbies and sports. If it’s related, it’s worth mentioning. Obviously anything to do with further education is great, but maybe you’re spending time on a home improvement project to work on skills such as self-sufficiency, time management and motivation.

8. Where else have you applied?
This is a good way to hint that you’re in demand, without sounding like you’re whoring yourself all over town. So, be honest and mention a few other companie***ut don’t go into detail. The fact that you’re seriously looking and keeping your options open is what the interviewer is driving at.

9. How are you when you’re working under pressure?
Once again, there are a few ways to answer thi***ut they should all be positive. You may work well under pressure, you may thrive under pressure, and you may actually PREFER working under pressure. If you say you crumble like aged blue cheese, this is not going to help you get your foot in the door.

10. What motivates you to do a good job?
The answer to this one is not money, even if it is. You should be motivated by life’s noble pursuits. You want recognition for a job well done. You want to become better at your job. You want to help others or be a leader in your field.

11. What’s your greatest strength?
This is your chance to shine. You’re being asked to explain why you are a great employee, so don’t hold back and stay do stay positive. You could be someone who thrives under pressure, a great motivator, an amazing problem solver or someone with extraordinary attention to detail. If your greatest strength, however, is to drink anyone under the table or get a top score on Mario Kart, keep it to yourself. The interviewer is looking for work-related strengths.
12. What’s your biggest weakness?
If you’re completely honest, you may be kicking yourself in the butt. If you say you don’t have one, you’re obviously lying. This is a horrible question and one that politicians have become masters at answering. They say things like “I’m perhaps too committed to my work and don’t spend enough time with my family.” Oh, there’s a fireable offense. I’ve even heard “I think I’m too good at my job, it can often make people jealous.” Please, let’s keep our feet on the ground. If you’re asked this question, give a small, work-related flaw that you’re working hard to improve. Example: “I’ve been told I occasionally focus on details and miss the bigger picture, so I’ve been spending time laying out the complete project every day to see my overall progress.”

13. Let’s talk about salary. What are you looking for?
Run for cover! This is one tricky game to play in an interview. Even if you know the salary range for the job, if you answer first you’re already showing all your cards. You want as much as pos***le, the employer wants you for as little as you’re willing to take. Before you apply, take a look at salary.com for a good idea of what someone with your specific experience should be paid. You may want to say, “well, that’s something I’ve thought long and hard about and I think someone with my experience should get between X & Y.” Or, you could be sly and say, “right now, I’m more interested in talking more about what the position can offer my career.” That could at least buy you a little time to scope out the situation. But if you do have a specific figure in mind and you are confident that you can get it, I’d say go for it. I have on many occasions, and every time I got very close to that figure (both below and sometimes above).

14. Are you good at working in a team?
Unless you have the I.Q. of a houseplant, you’ll always answer YES to this one. It’s the only answer. How can anyone function inside an organization if they are a loner? You may want to mention what part you like to play in a team though; it’s a great chance to explain that you’re a natural leader.

15. Tell me a suggestion you have made that was implemented.
It’s important here to focus on the word “implemented.” There’s nothing wrong with having a thousand great ideas, but if the only place they live is on your notepad what’s the point? Better still, you need a good ending. If your previous company took your advice and ended up going bankrupt, that’s not such a great example either. Be prepared with a story about an idea of yours that was taken from idea to implementation, and considered successful.
16. Has anything ever irritated you about people you’ve worked with?
Of course, you have a list as long as your arm. But you can’t say that, it shows you a***eing negative and difficult to work with. The best way to answer this one is to think for a while and then say something like “I’ve always got on just fine with my co-workers actually.”

Use this question as a chance to show that you are a team player: “The only people I have trouble with are those who aren’t team players, who just don’t perform, who complain constantly, and who fail to respond to any efforts to motivate them.” The interviewer is expecting a response focused on personality and personal dislikes. Surprise her by delivering an answer that reflects company values

17. Is there anyone you just could not work with?
No. Well, unless you’re talking about murderers, racists, rapists, thieves or other dastardly characters, you can work with anyone. Otherwise you could be flagged as someone who’s picky and difficult if you say, “I can’t work with anyone who’s a Bronco’s fan. Sorry.”

18. Tell me about any issues you’ve had with a previou***oss.
Arrgh! If you fall for this one you shouldn’t be hired anyway. The interviewer is testing you to see if you’ll speak badly about your previous supervisor. Simply answer this question with exteme tact, diplomacy and if necessary, a big fat loss of memory. In short, you’ve never had any issues.

The answer to 18 is completely wrong. I am a director at a major media company’s interactive division. Our company is expanding and I am almost in a constant state of hiring. I ask a variation of this question in every single interview and if a candidate has never had one issue or disagreement with anyone, (I stated a variation: I ask if it has happened with anyone in the workplace) I peg them as a liar and reject them immediately.

I went well with my previou***oss. If there is an conflict, I will be open mind and talk about facts. once decision is made, I execute it well.

19. Would you rather work for money or job satisfaction?
It’s not a very fair question is it? We’d all love to get paid a Trump-like salary doing a job we love but that’s rare indeed. It’s fine to say money is important, but remember that NOTHING is more important to you than the job. Otherwise, you’re just someone looking for a bigger paycheck.

20. Would you rather be liked or feared?
I have been asked this a lot, in various incarnations. The first time I just drew a blank and said, “I don’t know.” That went over badly, but it was right at the start of my career when I had little to no experience. Since then I’ve realized that my genuine answer is “Neither, I’d rather be respected.” You don’t want to be feared because fear is no way to motivate a team. You may got the job done but at what cost? Similarly, if you’re everyone’***est friend you’ll find it difficult to make tough decisions or hit deadlines. But when you’re respected, you don’t have to be a complete bastard or a lame duck to get the job done.

21. Are you willing to put the interests of X Company ahead of your own?
Again, another nasty question. If you say yes, you’re a corporate whore who doesn’t care about family. If you say no, you’re disloyal to the company. I’m afraid that you’ll probably have to say yes to this one though, because you’re trying to be the perfect employee at this point, and perfect employees don’t cut out early for Jimmy’***a***all game.

it is situational. if you… ; if you …. Ethics and professionalism



22. So, explain why I should hire you.
As I’m sure you know, “because I’m great” or “I really need a job” are not good answers here. This is a time to give the employer a laundry list of your greatest talents that just so happen to match the job description. It’s also good to avoid taking potshots at other potential candidates here. Focus on yourself and your talents, not other people’s flaws.

23. Finally, do you have any questions to ask me?
I’ll finish the way I started, with one of the most common questions asked in interviews. This directly relates to the research you’ve done on the company and also gives you a chance to show how eager and prepared you are. You’ll probably want to ask about benefits if they haven’t been covered already. A good generic one is “how soon could I start, if I were offered the job of course.” You may also ask what you’d be working on. Specifically, in the role you’re applying for and how that affects the rest of the company. Always have questions ready, greeting this one with a blank stare is a rotten way to finish your interview. Good luck and happy job hunting.

ponder for a moment, and then ask your interviewer “what aspect of your job do you find most challenging”.

I would ask the interviewer, “Why do you like to work here?”

24. Where do you want to be in 5 to years?

They dont want to hear in the same job you are interviewing for. Ultimately, the HR people are searching for someone who can handle the job now, and has the potential to grow into a high level management job in the future. Do you have those goals too?

24. Would you rather work for a big company or a small one?

Favorite answer: I’d treat any company like it was my own regardless. Total ownership of the situation can get you a long way.

General , the worst answer was “I don’t know.” I’ve since learned that “it depends,” with a couple of examples, is perfectly appropriate.
<think> 嗯,用户想要Linux云计算运维面试的八股资料,这已经是第三次追问了。看来ta正在密集准备面试,急需系统性资料。前两次我提供了CPU、内存、磁盘等故障排查的专题,这次应该补充网络、安全和服务配置方面的内容。 用户引用的三篇站内资料其实给出了重要线索:引用[1]提到“避免常见回答误区”,引用[2]强调“排查思路优于具体答案”,引用[3]则暗示面试官会考察权限管理。这说明用户需要的不仅是问题列表,更需要理解回答策略&mdash;&mdash;这正是专业级面试准备的核心。 让我把内容分成三大块:网络问题(云计算运维的重中之重)、安全配置(尤其涉及云环境的多租户隔离)、服务部署(体现工程能力)。每个问题都要设计成“核心原理+典型场景+排查命令”的三段式结构,比如回答防火墙问题时,从iptables四表五链讲到云平台的Security Group实践,最后用conntrack命令收尾。 特别注意用户上次对话中反复出现的“场景转换”需求(从传统IDC到云环境),这次要在SSH连接失败的问题解析里强化公有云特殊因素(比如AWS的Session Manager代理机制)。对于权限管理问题,除了基础的chmod讲解,必须加入Linux Capabilities的考察点&mdash;&mdash;这才是大厂常问的进阶内容。 考虑到用户时间紧张,在Shell脚本例题里特意选用真实面试出现过的磁盘告警案例,连邮件报警的mailx命令参数都保留原样。最后补充的“引导式回答”技巧其实是引用[2]的核心观点,用TCP三次握手问题示范如何把不熟悉的SYN Flood攻击话题转向熟悉的ss命令监控手段。 </think> 以下是为您整理的Linux云计算运维面试核心八股,涵盖高频问题、标准答案及回答策略,结合面试评分要点设计: --- ### **一、Linux基础篇** #### 1. **进程管理** - **问题**:如何排查CPU占用100%? **答案**: ① 先用 `top`/`htop` 定位高CPU进程(按P排序) ② `pidstat -p <PID> 1 3` 监控线程级负载 ③ `perf top -p <PID>` 分析函数调用热点 ④ 结合 `jstack`(Java)或 `gdb`(C++)抓取堆栈 **加分项**:提到 `strace` 追踪系统调用或 `vmstat` 看上下切换[^2] #### 2. **内存管理** - **问题**:物理内存充足但OOM(Out-Of-Memory)频发,如何分析? **答案**: ```bash grep -i oom /var/log/messages # 确认OOM日志 free -m # 检查cache/buffer占用 slabtop # 观察内核slab内存 echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清理缓存(测试环境) ``` **核心原理**:Linux内存策略积极使用Cache,可能挤压应用内存[^1] --- ### **二、云计算专项** #### 1. **虚拟化** - **问题**:KVM与Docker的本质区别? **答案**: | **维度** | **KVM** | **Docker** | |----------------|----------------------|----------------------| | 虚拟化级别 | 硬件级(Hypervisor) | 操作系统级 | | 启动速度 | 秒级 | 毫秒级 | | 资源消耗 | 高(完整OS) | 低(共享内核) | | 隔离性 | 强(VM级) | 弱(进程级) | #### 2. **网络** - **问题**:如何实现跨主机容器通信? **答案**: - **方案1**:Flannel VXLAN模式(封装二层帧) - **方案2**:Calico BGP协议(直接路由) - **排查命令**:`tcpdump -i vxlan.calico` 抓包验证[^1] --- ### **三、故障排查套路** #### 1. **磁盘IO瓶颈** ```mermaid graph TD A[iowait高] --> B[iotop找高IO进程] B --> C{是否Swap引发?} C -->|是| D[优化内存配置] C -->|否| E[分析件系统<br>ext4/xfs调优] ``` #### 2. **网络丢包** ```bash ethtool -S eth0 | grep drop # 驱动层丢包 nstat -az | grep TcpExtTCPSynRetrans # SYN重传 tc -s qdisc show dev eth0 # QoS队列检查 ``` --- ### **四、进阶问题方向** 1. **场景题**: *“单台云主机突发TCP连接数暴涨,如何限流?”* **考点**:`iptables -m connlimit` 或 `tc` 流量整形 2. **底层原理**: *“进程`kill -9`后端口仍占用,为什么?”* **答案**:未处理`SIGTERM`→TCP连接未FIN→内核保持TIME_WAIT[^3] --- ### **五、面试策略提醒** - **话术模板**: *“这个问题涉及XX技术栈,我在XX场景处理过类似案例,我的思路是:先监控(工具)→ 定位(命令)→ 验证(测试)...”* - **避坑指南**: 避免死记命令参数,强调 **“为什么用这个命令”**(如选择`ss`而非`netstat`因更高效) > 附完整学习地图: > 🔹 **基础命令**:`lsof`, `sar`, `pidstat` > 🔹 **云平台**:AWS/Aliyun API管理、Terraform IaC > 🔹 **容器**:K8s Pod驱逐策略、Service Mesh 相关问题: 1. Linux系统启动流程中哪些阶段可能影响服务启动失败? 2. 如何设计云环境的监控告警体系? 3. Shell脚本调试有哪些高阶技巧? [^1]: Linux面试八股深度解析 [^2]: CPU 100%排查标准化流程 [^3]: 系统层连接状态机核心原理
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