DB 迁移到Data Guard 实施方案

本文详细介绍了如何在保持业务连续性的前提下,通过逻辑导出、安装Oracle软件及配置DataGuard环境,实现数据库从旧服务器到新服务器的平滑迁移。重点包括导出数据、安装软件、创建控制文件、搭建DataGuard环境等步骤,确保迁移过程中的最小宕机时间和系统稳定运行。

摘要生成于 C知道 ,由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持, 前往体验 >

原DB是Linux Heartbeat的HA系统。业务是7*24的。所以迁移要考虑宕机时间的问题。我考虑的是先将DG环境搭建好。这样迁移过程中宕机的就2部分时间。一是exp/imp的时间。还有一个就是Data Guardcopy同步的时间。因为数据库不大。所以时间应该不会太长,如果不出什么意外的话。

搬迁的方案:

1.先正在运行的Database用逻辑导出的方式导出到dump文件。这个过程需要停机。

2.在搬迁之前先将Data Guard服务的OS和数据库安装好。这样可以减少系统的宕机时间。

3.将导出的dmp文件导入新的服务器,并重建DG环境。

4.测试系统能否正常工作。

说明:因为原来的服务器为4G内存。上线之后的为8G。所以在新的DG环境上。计划SGA分4.8G内存。PGA 1.6G。剩下的给OS。

该方案只需要宕机一次。宕机时间按如下计算:

1.dmp导出时间。因为数据文件在20G左右。估计dmp需要时间在30分钟左右。

2.imp时间。这个预计一个小时。

3.一旦imp成功之后,DG同步,可以用最简单的方式来实现。就是把导入之后的数据文件直接copy到备库。这个过程估计在30分钟左右。

4.所以估计需要2个小时的宕机时间。留一点冗余时间。所以对小额支付DB搬迁考虑申请4个小时的宕机时间。时间段可以在凌晨2:00 –早上7:00.

风险评估:

1. DG环境不可用。因为原来HA环境没有破坏,如果DG不可用,可以直接将系统切换到原来的HA系统。

2. DG环境后续的性能。这个需要慢慢调整,可以更具AWR报告来调整相关参数。

搬迁的操作步骤如下:

一.导出数据

导出导入命令:

Exp user/pwd file=/u01/qishun.dmp log=/u01/dave.log full=y

Imp user/pwd file=/u01/qishun.dmp log=/u01/dave.log full=y

二.安装数据库

2.1安装Oracle

2.1.1检查相关包

Oracle的安装需要如下包:

binutils-2.17.50.0.6

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3

elfutils-libelf-0.125

elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125

elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125

gcc-4.1.2

gcc-c++-4.1.2

glibc-2.5-24

glibc-common-2.5

glibc-devel-2.5

glibc-headers-2.5

kernel-headers-2.6.18

ksh-20060214

libaio-0.3.106

libaio-devel-0.3.106

libgcc-4.1.2

libgomp-4.1.2

libstdc++-4.1.2

libstdc++-devel-4.1.2

make-3.81

numactl-devel-0.9.8.i386

sysstat-7.0.2

from:

http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e16766/toc.htm#CIHFICFD

检查相关包:

rpm -q binutils-2.17.50.0.6 /

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 /

elfutils-libelf-0.125 /

elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125 /

elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125 /

gcc-4.1.2 /

gcc-c++-4.1.2 /

glibc-2.5-24 /

glibc-common-2.5 /

glibc-devel-2.5 /

glibc-headers-2.5 /

kernel-headers-2.6.18 /

ksh-20060214 /

libaio-0.3.106 /

libaio-devel-0.3.106 /

libgcc-4.1.2 /

libgomp-4.1.2 /

libstdc++-4.1.2 /

libstdc++-devel-4.1.2 /

make-3.81 /

numactl-devel-0.9.8.i386 /

sysstat-7.0.2

2.1.2修改相关参数

在/etc/sysctl.conf添加如下内容:

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

kernel.shmmni = 4096

# semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 65536

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

vi /etc/sysconfig/limits.conf

oracle soft memlock 5242880

oracle hard memlock 524280

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 65536

oracle hard nofile 65536

vi /etc/pam.d/login:

session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so

使参数生效:

sysctl -p

2.1.3创建用户和目录,修改用户参数

创建用户和密码:

[root@dg1 Server]# groupadd oinstall

[root@dg1 Server]# groupadd dba

[root@dg1 Server]# groupadd oper

[root@dg1 Server]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

[root@dg1 Server]# passwd oracle

Changing password for user oracle.

New UNIX password:

BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word

Retype new UNIX password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

创建相关目录:

[root@dg2 Server]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

[root@dg2 Server]# chown -R oracle.oinstall /u01

[root@dg2 Server]# chmod -R 777 /u01

修改OS版本

[root@dg2 Server]# cat /etc/redhat-release

#Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.4 (Tikanga)

redhat-4

设置用户变量:

[oracle@dg2 ~]$ cat ~/.bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

. ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH

# Oracle Settings

TMP=/tmp; export TMP

TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_SID=orcl; export ORACLE_SID

ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM

PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jre:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

fi

fi

2.1.4在主库安装软件和实例,在备库只安装软件

2.1.5修改/etc/oratab将所需启动的实例修改为Y
orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:Y

将第一步导出的dump文件导入到主库中。然后开始搭建DG环境。

三.搭建DG环境

3.1主库端准备工作

1.主库设置为force logging模式

SQL> alter database force logging;

2.主库设为归档模式

SQL> archive log list;

SQL> shutdown immediate

SQL> startup mount

SQL> alter database archivelog;

SQL> archive log list;

3.添加redo log file

添加一个新的Standby Redologs组(注意组号不要与当前存在的Online Redologs组重复),并为该组指定一个成员:

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 4 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo04.log') size 50M;

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 5 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo05.log') size 50M;

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 6 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo06.log') size 50M;

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 7 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo07.log') size 50M;

4.创建备库的密码文件和控制文件

SQL> alter database create standby controlfile as '/u01/control01.ctl';

--判断一个数据库是Primary还是Standby,就是通过控制文件来判断的。

orapwd file=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapworcl password=admin

如果已经存在,就不用创建了。缺省情况下,win下口令文件的格式是pwdsid.ora,unix下的格式是orapwSID(大小写敏感)

5.修改初始化参数文件

SQL> create pfile='/u01/initorcl.ora' from spfile;

在initorcl.ora添加如下内容:

*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME='orcl_pd'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archive'

*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=orcl_st'

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE

*.standby_file_management='AUTO'

*.standby_archive_dest='/u01/archive'

*.FAL_SERVER='orcl_st'

*.FAL_CLIENT='orcl_pd'

如果主库和备库的数据文件位置不同,还需要加如下2个参数:

*.log_file_name_convert='/u02/oradata/orcl/','/u03/oradata/orcl/'

*.db_file_name_convert='/u02/oradata/orcl/','/u03/oradata/orcl/'

6.修改tnsnames.ora和 Listener.ora文件

[oracle@dg1 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ORCL_ST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.6.3)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

)

ORCL_PD =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.6.1)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

)

[oracle@dg1 admin]$ cat listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

(PROGRAM = extproc)

)

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = orcl)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)

)

)

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dg1)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))

)

)

SID_LIST_LISTENER配置的是静态注册,如果没有该参数,而且Data Guard启动顺序又不正确,那么在主库可能会报PING[ARC1]: Heartbeat failed to connect to standby 'orcl_st'. Error is 12514.错误,导致归档无法完成。

7.用修改之后的pfile启动数据库,并创建spfile.

[oracle@dg1 dbs]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Nov 5 03:48:19 2010

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.All rights reserved.

SQL> conn / as sysdba

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora'

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area184549376 bytes

Fixed Size1218412 bytes

Variable Size62916756 bytes

Database Buffers117440512 bytes

Redo Buffers2973696 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora';

File created.

3.2备库配置

这里方便起见,我们和主库的目录一致。

1.创建目录

[oracle@dg2 u01]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/orcl

[oracle@dg2 u01]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/adump

[oracle@dg2 u01]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/bdump

[oracle@dg2 u01]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/cdump

[oracle@dg2 u01]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/dpdump

[oracle@dg2 u01]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/pfile

[oracle@dg2 u01]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/udump

[oracle@dg2 u01]$ ls

app

[oracle@dg2 u01]$ cd app/

[oracle@dg2 app]$ ls

oracle

[oracle@dg2 app]$ cd oracle/

[oracle@dg2 oracle]$ ls

adminoradataoraInventoryproduct

[oracle@dg2 oracle]$ cd admin/

[oracle@dg2 admin]$ ls

orcl

[oracle@dg2 admin]$ cd orcl/

[oracle@dg2 orcl]$ ls

adumpbdumpcdumpdpdumppfileudump

2.修改备库的tnsnames.ora和Listener.ora文件

[oracle@dg2 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ORCL_ST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.6.3)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

)

ORCL_PD =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.6.1)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

)

[oracle@dg2 admin]$ cat listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

(PROGRAM = extproc)

)

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = orcl)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)

)

)

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dg2)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))

)

)

3.将主库的密码文件,控制文件,数据文件,参数文件,日志文件copy到备库。

说明一点,这个控制文件是我们自己创建的standby控制文件。将copy过来的控制文件再复制三份就可以了。主备的控制文件是不一样的。这里除了采用直接copy文件之外,还可以采用Rman恢复来做。直接copy需要停数据库,如果采用RMAN的话,就不需要停机了。

[oracle@dg1 dbs]$ ls

hc_orcl.datinitdw.orainit.orainitorcl.oralkORCLorapworclspfileorcl.ora

[oracle@dg1 dbs]$ scp initorcl.ora 192.168.6.3://u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs

oracle@192.168.6.3's password:

initorcl.ora100% 13321.3KB/s00:00

[oracle@dg1 dbs]$ scp orapworcl 192.168.6.3://u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs

oracle@192.168.6.3's password:

orapworcl100% 15361.5KB/s00:00

[oracle@dg1 dbs]$

[oracle@dg1 orcl]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl

[oracle@dg1 orcl]$ ls

control01.ctlredo01.logredo04.logredo07.logtemp01.dbf

control02.ctlredo02.logredo05.logsysaux01.dbfundotbs01.dbf

control03.ctlredo03.logredo06.logsystem01.dbfusers01.dbf

[oracle@dg1 orcl]$ scp * 192.168.6.3://u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl

oracle@192.168.6.3's password:

control01.ctl100% 6896KB3.4MB/s00:02

control02.ctl100% 6896KB1.7MB/s00:04

control03.ctl100% 6896KB3.4MB/s00:02

redo01.log100%50MB 497.1KB/s01:43

redo02.log100%50MB 753.0KB/s01:08

redo03.log100%50MB 453.1KB/s01:53

redo04.log100%50MB 930.9KB/s00:55

redo05.log100%50MB 753.0KB/s01:08

redo06.log100%50MB1.6MB/s00:31

redo07.log100%50MB3.9MB/s00:13

sysaux01.dbf100%240MB3.4MB/s01:11

system01.dbf100%480MB4.8MB/s01:40

temp01.dbf100%20MB5.0MB/s00:04

undotbs01.dbf100%25MB6.3MB/s00:04

users01.dbf100% 5128KB5.0MB/s00:00

[oracle@dg1 orcl]$

这里注意一点,我们一起复制过来的控制文件是主库的。我们需要用standby的控制文件。先把复制过来的control file删除掉。在把之前的复制过来,在复制三份。

[root@dg2 orcl]# rm *.ctl

rm: remove regular file `control01.ctl'? y

rm: remove regular file `control02.ctl'? y

rm: remove regular file `control03.ctl'? y

[oracle@dg1 u01]$ scp control01.ctl 192.168.6.3://u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl

oracle@192.168.6.3's password:

control01.ctl100% 6896KB6.7MB/s00:01

[oracle@dg1 u01]$

[root@dg2 orcl]# cp control01.ctl control02.ctl

[root@dg2 orcl]# cp control01.ctl control03.ctl

[root@dg2 orcl]# ls

control01.ctlredo01.logredo04.logredo07.logtemp01.dbf

control02.ctlredo02.logredo05.logsysaux01.dbfundotbs01.dbf

control03.ctlredo03.logredo06.logsystem01.dbfusers01.dbf

[root@dg2 orcl]#

4.修改pfile参数,并用pfile启动数据库,在创建spfile

在pfile里面添加如下内容:

*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME='orcl_st'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archive'

*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=orcl_pd'

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=DEFER

*.standby_file_management='AUTO'

*.standby_archive_dest='/u01/archive'

*.FAL_SERVER='orcl_pd'

*.FAL_CLIENT='orcl_st'

5.启动备库至mount状态

SQL> startup mount pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora'

ORACLE instance started.

SQL> create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora';

至此,Data Guard的操作已经完成,下面来开始验证。

3.3验证备库

注意Data Guard启动顺序:

启动顺序:先standby ,后primary;

关闭顺序:先primary后standby;

在备库将实例启动到mount状态:

SQL> startup nomount;

SQL>alter database mount standby database ;

---SQL>ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;

SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

在备库启动监听:

$lsnrctl start

在主库启动实例:

SQL> startup;

在主库启动监听:

$lsnrctl start

在主库验证归档目录是否有效:

SQL> SELECT STATUS,DESTINATION, ERROR FROM V$ARCHIVE_DEST;

如果有错误,要排查原因。

主库:

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;

MAX(SEQUENCE#)

--------------

12

备库:

SQL> startup nomount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area184549376 bytes

Fixed Size1218412 bytes

Variable Size62916756 bytes

Database Buffers117440512 bytes

Redo Buffers2973696 bytes

SQL> alter database mount standby database;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

Database altered.

SQL> select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;

SEQUENCE# APP

---------- ---

8 YES

9 YES

10 YES

11 YES

SQL> /

SEQUENCE# APP

---------- ---

8 YES

9 YES

10 YES

11 YES

12 YES

SQL>

主备查询结果一致,Data Guard搭建结束。

注意:如果在主库执行alter database clear unarchived logfile或alter database open resetlogs , 则dataguard要重建。

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值