Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger) 指南

Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger) 指南

• 安装
• 挂载 和 卸载 媒体设备
• 创建 和 播放 ISO设备
• 创建和检查 MD5 校验码
• 为CUCS配置SSH 和 为办公电脑设置远程桌面
• 相关链接

安装

1. 安装Ubuntu
2. 设定Home目录
3. 更新和升级Ubuntu
4. 安装nVidia驱动程序
5. 启用5键鼠标
6. 启用DMA
7. 修复声音设备
8. 定制个性化配置和字体
9. 添加额外的软件库
10. 安装:
    • 分区工具 - GPartEd
    • 邮件客户端 - Thunderbird
    • 版本控制 - cvs
    • LaTeX
    • 字体
    • Java - Sun Java
    • 编辑器 - JEdit, gvim
    • PDF查看软件 - Adobe Acrobat Reader
    • Flash播放器
    • 多媒体文件解码器
    • 媒体播放器 - Totem-xine, gxine, MPlayer, VLC
    • MIDI播放器 - Timidity
    • CD刻录软件 - Gnome Baker
    • CD提取工具 - Sound Juicer
    • 游戏 - ScummVM
    • 开发工具

设定Home目录

1. sudo mkdir /mnt/newdrive
   sudo mount -t ext3 /dev/hdb1 /mnt/newdrive/
   sudo mkdir /mnt/newdrive/home.new
   sudo cp -R -p /home/[user] /mnt/newdrive/home.new/
   sudo chown [user]:[user] /mnt/newdrive/home.new/[user]
   sudo umount /mnt/newdrive/
   

2. 同时按下 [CTRL] + [ALT] + [F1]键, 然后登录.

   sudo pico /etc/fstab
   

   在主分区和交换分区条目后面加上以下行:

   /dev/hdb1 /home ext3 defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 1
   

   按 [CTRL] + [o] 键保存文件. 按 [CTRL] + [x] 退出 Pico程序.

   sudo mv /home /home.old
   sudo mkdir /home
   sudo mount -a
   

更新和升级Ubuntu

1. sudo apt-get update
   sudo apt-get upgrade
   

安装 nVidia 驱动程序

1. sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx nvidia-settings
   sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.nvidia-driver.backup
   sudo nvidia-glx-config enable
   

2. sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/NVIDIA-Settings.desktop
   

   在文件中添加以下行:

   [Desktop Entry]
   Name=NVIDIA Settings
   Comment=NVIDIA Settings
   Exec=nvidia-settings
   Icon=
   Terminal=false
   Type=Application
   Categories=Application;System;
   

3. 下面的设置用来禁止nVidia的启动窗口.

   sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
   

   编辑xorg.conf文件并找到以下项:

   ...
   Section "Device"
    Identifier "NVIDIA Corporation NV11 [GeForce2 MX/MX 400]"
    Driver  "nvidia"
    BusID  "PCI:1:0:0"
   ...
   

   在下面添加以下这一行:

    Option  "NoLogo"
   

4. 按下 [CTRL] + [ALT] + [BACKSPACE] 键重启GNOME窗口管理系统.

启用5键鼠标

1. sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.5-button-mouse.backup
   

2. sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
   

   替换下面项目:

   Section "InputDevice"
   Identifier "mouse.usb"
   Driver "mouse"
   Option "CorePointer"
   Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
   Option "Protocol" "IMPS/2"
   Option "Emulate3Buttons" "YES"
   Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
   EndSection
   

   为:

   Section "InputDevice"
   Identifier "mouse.usb"
   Driver "mouse"
   Option "CorePointer"
   Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
   Option "Protocol" "ExplorerPS/2"
   Option "Buttons" "7"
   Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
   EndSection
   

启用 DMA

(参照 http://ubuntuguide.org/#speedupcddvdrom.)

1. sudo hdparm -d1 /dev/cdrom
   sudo cp /etc/hdparm.conf /etc/hdparm.conf_backup
   sudo gedit /etc/hdparm.conf
   

2. 添加下面行 /etc/hdparm.conf

   /dev/cdrom {
          dma = on
   }
   

3. 重复以上步骤设置 /dev/cdrom1

修复声音系统

(参照 http://ubuntuguide.org/#configuresoundproperly.)

定制个性化配置和字体

1. gnome-theme-manager
   

   点击 "Theme Details", 设置 "Set Controls = Glider, Window Border = Mist, Icons = GNOME".

2. gnome-font-properties
   

   设置 "App = Sans 8, Desktop = Sans 8, Window title = Sans 8, Terminal = FreeMono 10".

始终在Nautilus使用浏览器

1. gconf-editor
   

   选择 "apps / nautilus / preferences" 并选中 "always use browser".

添加额外的软件库

1. sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup
   

2. sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
   

   添加以下行（注：由于国内的设置不一样，该项请参照ubuntu.com.cn网站上公布的配置）:

   # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 5.10 _Breezy Badger_ - Release i386 (20051012)]/ breezy main restricted
   
   # Example sources.list for Ubuntu 5.10 "The Breezy Badger" release
   
   ## All officially supported packages, including security- and other updates
   
   deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted
   deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted
   
   deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted
   deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted
   
   deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted
   deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted
   
   
   ## All community supported packages, including security- and other updates
   
   deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe multiverse
   deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe multiverse
   
   deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe multiverse
   deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe multiverse
   
   deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates universe multiverse
   deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates universe multiverse
   
   ## libdvdcss2, w32codecs
   # deb ftp://ftp.nerim.net/debian-marillat/ etch main
   
   # deb http://ubuntu-backports.mirrormax.net/ breezy-extras-staging main restricted universe multiverse
   
   ## jedit
   # deb http://dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jedit ./
   # deb-src http://dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jedit ./
   
   ## hoary-extras - the most widely used source for packages not includded in Ubuntu
   ## no guarantees on working - not enabled by default
   # deb http://public.planetmirror.com/pub/ubuntu-backports/ hoary-extras main universe multiverse restricted
   

3. sudo apt-get update
   

安装字体 (微软字体)

1. sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts
   

安装多媒体文件解码器

(参考 http://ubuntuguide.org/#codecs.)

1. 添加额外的软件库.

2. sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
   

   在最后添加以下行:

   deb ftp://ftp.nerim.net/debian-marillat/ etch main
   

   保存文件.

   sudo apt-get update
   sudo apt-get install w32codecs
   sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2
   

   sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
   

   取消下面行前面的注释符号:

   deb ftp://ftp.nerim.net/debian-marillat/ etch main
   

   保存文件.

   sudo apt-get update
   

3. 如果以上的步骤不工作, 那么需要手工安装 w32codecs 和 DeCSS2 包: 从网上下载 w32codecs_20050412-0.0_i386.deb 到Home目录.

   cd ~/
   sudo dpkg -i w32codecs_*.deb
   sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread3/examples/install-css.sh
   

4. sudo apt-get install libmad0 libdvdread3
   

5. sudo apt-get install lame sox ffmpeg mjpegtools vorbis-tools
   

6. sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.8-misc gstreamer0.8-plugins gstreamer0.8-plugins-multiverse gstreamer0.8-ffmpeg 
   gst-register-0.8
   

安装媒体播放器 (Totem-xine, gxine, MPlayer, VLC)

1. Totem-xine (参见instructions for post-installation setup):

   sudo apt-get install totem-xine 
   gedit ~/.xine/config
   

   修改下面行:

   video.driver:xv
   

2. gxine (参见 instructions for post-installation setup):

   sudo apt-get install gxine
   gedit ~/.gxine/config
   

   修改下面行:

   video.driver:xv
   

3. MPlayer:

   sudo apt-get install mplayer-386 mozilla-mplayer
   sudo cp /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf_backup
   sudo gedit /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf
   

   查找:

   vo=x11,
   

   替换为:

   vo=xv,
   

4. VLC:

   sudo apt-get install vlc
   

设置 Xine/gxine

1. xine-check
   

2. 进行下面步骤以修复 WMV 播放问题 (如果由这个问题的话):

   cp ~/.xine/catalog.cache ~/.xine/catalog.cache.backup
   gedit ~/.xine/catalog.cache
   

   查找下面段:

   [/usr/lib/xine/plugins/1.0.0/xineplug_decode_w32dll.so]
   size=173768
   mtime=1112804124
   type=131
   api=15
   id=win32a
   version=10000
   supported_types=50593792 52428800 52822016 ... (long line truncated)
   decoder_priority=1
   

   替换为其中一行:

   decoder_priority=1

   为:

   decoder_priority=7

3. 指定 gxine 为默认媒体播放器 (不推荐，因为Totem-xine更好) :

   sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup
   sudo sed -e 's/totem.desktop/gxine.desktop/g' /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup > /tmp/defaults.list
   sudo mv /tmp/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list
   killall gnome-panel
   killall nautilus
   

4. 指定 gxine 为默认DVD播放器 (不推荐，因为Totem-xine更好) :

   gconftool-2 --type string --set /desktop/gnome/volume_manager/autoplay_dvd_command "gxine dvd://"
   

5. 为FireFox安装gxine插件 (不推荐，因为Totem-xine更好) :

   sudo ln -fs /usr/lib/gxine/gxineplugin.a /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/plugins/
   sudo ln -fs /usr/lib/gxine/gxineplugin.la /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/plugins/
   sudo ln -fs /usr/lib/gxine/gxineplugin.so /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/plugins/
   

安装MIDI 播放器 (Timidity)

1. sudo apt-get install timidity timidity-interfaces-extra freepats
   

播放 MIDI

1. 以GTK界面启动:

   timidity -ig [file]
   

安装分区工具(GPartEd)

1. sudo apt-get install gparted
   

安装E-mail客户端 (Mozilla Thunderbird)

1. sudo apt-get install mozilla-thunderbird
   

安装菜单编辑程序 (SMeg)

1. sudo apt-get install smeg
   

安装 CD 刻录软件 (GnomeBaker)

1. sudo apt-get install gnomebaker
   

安装 PDF 查看软件 (Acroread)

1. sudo apt-get install acroread mozilla-acroread
   

2. sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/defaults.list
   

   将:

   application/pdf=evince.desktop

   替换为:

   application/pdf=AdobeReader.desktop

安装 Flash 播放器

1. sudo apt-get install flashplayer-mozilla
   

挂载

1. EXT3 格式分区:

   sudo mount /dev/hdb1 [mount_point_dir] -t ext3 
   

2. NTFS 格式分区:

   sudo mount /dev/hda1 [mount_point_dir] -t ntfs -o nls=utf8,umask=0222
   

3. FAT32 格式分区:

   sudo mount /dev/hda1 [mount_point_dir] -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,umask=000
   

4. CD/DVD:

   sudo mount /media/cdrom0/ -o unhide
   

5. ISO:

   sudo modprobe loop
   sudo mount file.iso /media/iso/ -t iso9660 -o loop -r
   

卸载

1. sudo umount [mount_point_dir]
   

2. 强制卸载 (如果第一步不成功):

   sudo umount [mount_point_dir] -l
   

创建 ISO 镜像文件

1. 从 CD/DVD 创建(替换下面行中的 [device] 为 dvd, cdrom, 或 cdrom1):

   dd if=/dev/[device] of=file.iso bs=1024
   

2. 从指定目录创建:

   mkisofs -o file.iso [dir]
   

播放 ISO

1. 安装，配置和运行 gxine.
2. 选择"File / Preferences... / Media (tab) / DVD (tab)".
3. 更改 DVD 位置为"/.../file.iso".

MD5 校验

1. 创建MD5校验码:

   md5sum file.iso > file.iso.md5
   

2. 验证MD5校验码:

   md5sum -c file.iso.md5
   

安装 LaTeX

1. sudo apt-get install tetex-base tetex-bin tetex-extra
   

安装开发工具

1. 基本编译器和工具:

   sudo apt-get install build-essential
   sudo apt-get install manpages-dev autoconf automake libtool
   sudo apt-get install flex bison gcc-doc g++
   

2. OpenGL 和 SDL 开发:

   sudo apt-get install libxxf86vm-dev nvidia-glx-dev 
   sudo apt-get install libsdl1.2-dev libsdl-ttf2.0-dev libsdl-image1.2-dev libsdl-mixer1.2-dev
   sudo apt-get install libsdl-sound1.2-dev libsdl-net1.2-dev
   

3. 编译 MPlayer的环境:

   sudo apt-get install x-window-system-dev libgtk1.2-dev libpng-dev libxxf86vm-dev 
   

安装 CVS版本控制软件

1. sudo apt-get install cvs
   

安装 gvim

1. sudo apt-get install vim-gnome
   

2. gedit ~/.vimrc

   添加下面行:

   set ruler
   set showcmd
   
   set incsearch
   
   set history=500
   
   set expandtab
   set tabstop=4
   set autoindent
   set shiftwidth=4
   
   colorscheme desert
   
   if has("vms")
     set nobackup
   else
     set backup
   endif
   
   if &t_Co > 2 || has("gui_running")
     syntax on
     set hlsearch
   endif
   

3. sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/gvim.desktop

   添加下面行:

   [Desktop Entry]
   Encoding=UTF-8
   Name=gvim
   Comment=Edit text files
   Exec=gvim --remote-silent %U
   TryExec=gvim
   Terminal=false
   Type=Application
   StartupNotify=false
   MimeType=text/plain;
   Icon=text-editor
   Categories=GNOME;Application;Utility;TextEditor;
   

   保存文件.
4. 指定gvim为默认文件编辑器 (可选).

   sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/defaults.list

   替换该行:

   text/plain=gedit.desktop

   为:

   text/plain=gvim.desktop

安装 Java 环境(Sun Java)

(参照 https://wiki.ubuntu.com/JavaPackageBuildNewVersions.)

1. sudo apt-get install java-package java-common
   sudo apt-get install build-essential
   

2. 从http://java.sun.com/下载 JRE Linux 自解压文件(jre-1_5_0_06-linux-i586.bin, 非 RPM文件).

   sudo apt-get install fakeroot
   fakeroot make-jpkg jre-1_5_0_06-linux-i586.bin
   sudo dpkg -i sun-j2re1.5_1.5.0+update06_i386.deb
   

3. sudo update-alternatives --config java
   

   选择 sun java 选项.

安装编辑器 (JEdit)

1. Install Java.

2. sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
   

   添加以下行:

   deb http://dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jedit ./
   deb-src http://dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jedit ./
   

   保存文件.

3. sudo apt-get update
   sudo apt-get install jedit
   

4. sudo gedit /usr/bin/jedit
   

   替换:

   ... ${JEDIT} -jar "/usr/share/jedit/jedit.jar" $@
   

   为:

   ... ${JEDIT} -jar "/usr/share/jedit/jedit.jar" -reuseview $@
   

安装游戏 (ScummVM)

1. sudo apt-get install scummvm
   sudo apt-get install beneath-a-steel-sky flight-of-the-amazon-queen
   

为 Cornell CS配置SSH

(参见 http://www.cs.cornell.edu/support/.)

1. pico ~/.ssh/config
   

   添加下面行:

   host herakles
   hostname herakles.cs.cornell.edu
   user djm
   ForwardAgent yes
   LocalForward 2001 lion.cs.cornell.edu:22
   IdentityFile ~/.ssh/herakles/id_dsa
   
   host lion
   hostname localhost
   user djm
   ForwardX11 yes
   port 2001
   LocalForward 2002 smtp.cs.cornell.edu:25
   LocalForward 2003 popsrv.cs.cornell.edu:110
   LocalForward 2004 blather.cs.cornell.edu:515
   LocalForward 2005 falcon.cs.cornell.edu:139
   LocalForward 2006 cucsfs1.cs.cornell.edu:139
   LocalForward 2007 [office_computer_name].u.cs.cornell.edu:3389
   IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_dsa
   

为办公电脑配置远程桌面

1. 为CCS配置SSH ，然后确认 localhost:2007 跳转到 [office_computer_name].u.cs.cornell.edu:3389.

2. ssh -N -f herakles
   ssh -N -f lion
   

3. rdesktop -r disk:sync=/home/[local_dir] localhost:2007
   

   注意 disk:sync 要设置为绝对路径.

访问 CUCSFS1

(参见http://www.cs.cornell.edu/support/Linux/smbmount.htm.)

1. 为CCS配置SSH.

2. ssh -N -f herakles
   ssh -N -f -L2006:cucsfs1.cs.cornell.edu:139 lion
   

3. smbclient //cucsfs1.cs.cornell.edu/a -U [user_name] -W CUCS -I localhost -p 2006
   

   或者

   smbmount //localhost/a [local_dir] -o port=2006,username=[user_name],workgroup=CUCS
   smbumount [local_dir]
   

递归删除文件

1. 例如要删除[dir]目录下的全部 *.afm文件:

   cd [dir]
   find . -name "*.afm" -exec rm {} \;
   

添加/修改 缺省应用程序

1. sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list.backup
   

2. sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/defaults.list
   

   添加/修改 类似的项:

   [mime-type]=[new-app].desktop

   查找安装了的软件:

   ls /usr/share/applications/*.desktop

   查找安装了的MIME类型:

   ls /usr/share/applications/mime/[text|image|...]

3. killall gnome-panel
   killall nautilus
   

参考链接

本文中大部分的信息来自:

• The Unofficial Ubuntu 5.04 Starter Guide
• The Ubuntu Forums
• The Ubuntu Restricted Formats Wiki