Bundler.setup vs. Bundler.require

本文详细解释了Bundler在Rails 3中的自动加载机制,并对比了Bundler.setup与Bundler.require的区别,指导开发者正确使用Bundler进行Gem管理。

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December 20, 2010

TL;DR Use Bundler.require instead of Bundler.setup

I think pretty much everyone knows that when you use Bundler with Rails 3, you don’t have to require your gems manually; it’s just all taken care of when you define them in the Gemfile. But I think a lot of people don’t understand exactly how this works, because when I see Bundler used outside of Rails, I consistently see gems being defined in the Gemfile and then manually required in the app.

I’m guessing this is because in the Bundler docs the most prominent example tells you to use Bundler.setup, and so people assume the auto-requiring is part of Rails and do this:

# Gemfile
source 'http://rubygems.org'

gem 'sinatra'
gem 'haml'

# config.ru
require 'rubygems'
require 'bundler'
Bundler.setup(:default)

require 'sinatra'
require 'sinatra/base'
require 'haml'

But actually it’s all Bundler. Instead of Bundler.setup you can call Bundler.require, which will not only set up the load paths but also require the gems as well. This is how Rails automatically requires the gems you specify. So the best way to do it (in most situations) is like this:

# Gemfile
source 'http://rubygems.org'

gem 'sinatra', :require => 'sinatra/base'
gem 'haml'

# config.ru
require 'rubygems'
require 'bundler'
Bundler.require(:default)

Note that you can specify a different name to require a gem by if the file name happens to be different from the gem name. And, as an added bonus, you can pass in multiple groups to Bundler.require, so you could also include gems specific to the current environment like this:

Bundler.require(:default, ENV['RACK_ENV'].to_sym)

<template> <div class="vote-container"> <!-- 消息提示 --> <div v-if="showAlert" :class="['alert', alertType]"> {{ alertMessage }} </div> <!-- 投票人信息 --> <div class="voter-info" v-if="voterName && voterIdCard"> <p>投票人:{{ voterName }}</p> <p>身份证:{{ formattedIdCard }}</p> </div> <!-- 投票统计信息 --> <div class="stats"> <div class="stat"> <h3>经理投票</h3> <div class="progress"> <div class="progress-bar" :style="{ width: (votes[17] / 5) * 100 + '%' }"></div> </div> <p>{{ votes[17] }} / 5</p> </div> <div class="stat"> <h3>厂长投票</h3> <div class="progress"> <div class="progress-bar" :style="{ width: (votes[18] / 5) * 100 + '%' }"></div> </div> <p>{{ votes[18] }} / 5</p> </div> <div class="stat"> <h3>副厂长投票</h3> <div class="progress"> <div class="progress-bar" :style="{ width: (votes[19] / 15) * 100 + '%' }"></div> </div> <p>{{ votes[19] }} / 15</p> </div> <div class="stat"> <h3>总票数</h3> <div class="progress"> <div class="progress-bar" :style="{ width: (totalVotes / 25) * 100 + '%' }"></div> </div> <p>{{ totalVotes }} / 25</p> </div> </div> <!-- 被投票人列表 --> <div class="voters-grid"> <div v-for="voter in voters" :key="voter.id" class="voter-card"> <h4>{{ voter.name }}</h4> <p class="voter-id">ID: {{ voter.id }}</p> <div class="vote-options"> <button @click="castVote(voter, 17)" :disabled="!canVote(voter, 17)" :class="{ 'selected': voter.vote === 17, 'disabled': !canVote(voter, 17) }" > 经理 </button> <button @click="castVote(voter, 18)" :disabled="!canVote(voter, 18)" :class="{ 'selected': voter.vote === 18, 'disabled': !canVote(voter, 18) }" > 厂长 </button> <button @click="castVote(voter, 19)" :disabled="!canVote(voter, 19)" :class="{ 'selected': voter.vote === 19, 'disabled': !canVote(voter, 19) }" > 副厂长 </button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- 操作按钮 --> <div class="action-buttons"> <button @click="submitVotes" :disabled="!hasSelectedCandidates || isSubmitting">提交投票</button> <button @click="resetVotes" :disabled="isSubmitting">重置投票</button> </div> </div> </template> <script setup> import { ref, reactive, computed } from 'vue'; import { useRoute, useRouter} from 'vue-router'; import { onMounted } from 'vue'; const route = useRoute(); const router = useRouter() const voters = ref([]); //候选人 // 使用props接收参数 const props = defineProps({ queryParams: { type: Object, default: () => ({}) } }) // 使用计算属性 const activeSurvey = ref({ surveyId: route.params.surveyId,//调查令 qydcl: route.params.qydcl, dclx: route.query.dclx, tffs: route.query.tffs, bt: route.query.bt }); onMounted(async() => { // 确保路由完全解析完成 await router.isReady() // console.log('当前路由对象:', route) // console.log('路径参数:', route.params) // 获取params参数 // console.log('查询参数:', route.query) // 获取query参数 }); // 添加消息提示状态 const alertMessage = ref(''); const showAlert = ref(false); const alertType = ref(''); // 'success' 或 'error' // 安全序列化函数 function safeStringify(obj) { const seen = new WeakSet(); return JSON.stringify(obj, (key, value) => { if (typeof value === "object" && value !== null) { if (seen.has(value)) { // 检测到循环引用,返回占位符或跳过 return "[Circular Reference Removed]"; } seen.add(value); } return value; }); } // onMounted生命周期钩子 onMounted(async () => { // 从sessionStorage获取投票人信息并立即清除 const voterInfo = sessionStorage.getItem('voterInfo'); if (voterInfo) { const { name, idCard } = JSON.parse(voterInfo); voterName.value = name; voterIdCard.value = idCard; sessionStorage.removeItem('voterInfo'); } // 获取投票详情 const route = useRoute(); // 加载候选人数据 voters.value = await fetchCandidates(); }); // 添加用于存储投票人信息的变量 const voterName = ref(''); const voterIdCard = ref(''); // 格式化身份证显示(安全脱敏) const formattedIdCard = computed(() => { if (!voterIdCard.value) return ''; // 显示前6位和后4位,中间用*代替 return voterIdCard.value.substring(0, 6) + '******' + voterIdCard.value.substring(voterIdCard.value.length - 4); }); onMounted(() => { // 从sessionStorage获取数据并立即清除 const voterInfo = sessionStorage.getItem('voterInfo'); if (voterInfo) { const { name, idCard } = JSON.parse(voterInfo); voterName.value = name; voterIdCard.value = idCard; // 关键:立即清除存储防止数据残留 sessionStorage.removeItem('voterInfo'); } }); //获取候选人明细 const fetchCandidates = async () => { try { const response = await fetch('/api/wechat/getInvestigate', { method: 'POST', body: JSON.stringify({ id: '9', dcl: '123' }) }); // console.log('API响应:', response); const result = await response.json(); if (!result || !result.root) throw new Error('无效API响应'); // 提取候选人数据 const candidateArray = []; let idCounter = 1; // 自增计数器,名称序号 result.root.forEach(rootItem => { if (!rootItem.childEntList) return; rootItem.childEntList.forEach(candidate => { if (!candidate.dcbt || !candidate.dcxbt) return; candidateArray.push({ name: candidate.dcxbt, vote: null, id:idCounter++, tmlx: candidate.tmlx, // 投票类型 mainId: candidate.mainId, // 主ID dcbt: candidate.dcbt, // 投票标题 }); }); }); // console.log('候选人数据:', candidateArray); return candidateArray; } catch (error) { console.error('获取候选人失败:', error); return []; // 返回空数组保持安全 } }; // 新增计算属性 - 获取已选择的候选人 const selectedCandidates = computed(() => { return voters.value .filter(v => v.vote) // 只过滤已投票的 .map(v => ({ mainId: v.mainId, // 候选人原始ID voteType: v.vote, // 投票类型 voteValue: v.vote, name: v.name, // 候选人姓名 tmlx: v.tmlx, // 原始类型 dcbt: v.dcbt // 投票标题 })); }); // 检查是否有选择的候选人 const hasSelectedCandidates = computed(() => { return selectedCandidates.value.length > 0; }); //获取并保存第一个候选人的mainId const mainIdToSubmit = ref(null); const firstCandidateMainId = computed(() => { return selectedCandidates.value[0]?.mainId || null; }); // 投票统计 const votes = reactive({ 17: 0, 18: 0, 19: 0 }); // 计算总票数 const totalVotes = computed(() => { return votes[17] + votes[18] + votes[19]; }); // 检查投票资格 const canVote = (voter, type) => { // 当前投票类型限额配置 const limits = { 17: 5, 18: 5, 19: 15 }; // 情况1:用户取消当前选择的类型(总是允许) if (voter.vote === type) return true; // 情况2:用户切换投票类型 if (voter.vote) { // 检查新类型是否达到限额 if (votes[type] >= limits[type]) return false; } // 情况3:用户首次投票 else { // 检查新类型是否达到限额和总票数 if (votes[type] >= limits[type] || totalVotes.value >= 25) return false; } return true; }; // 投票方法 const castVote = (voter, voteValue) => { // 如果已投票且点击相同类型,取消投票 if (voter.vote === voteValue) { voter.vote = null; votes[voteValue]--; return; } // 如果之前有投票,先取消 if (voter.vote !== null) { votes[voter.vote]--; } // 投新票 voter.vote = voteValue; votes[voteValue]++; }; //投票人信息 // 添加投票人信息数据模型 const voterInfo = reactive({ name: '', idNumber: '' }); // 提交投票 // 防止重复提交 const isSubmitting = ref(false); // 提交投票到API const submitVotes = async () => { // console.log("dclx", activeSurvey.value.dclx); // 添加防御性检查 if (!hasSelectedCandidates.value) { showMessage('请先选择候选人', 'error'); return; } // 防止重复提交 if (isSubmitting.value) return; isSubmitting.value = true; // 设置mainId值 mainIdToSubmit.value = firstCandidateMainId.value; try { const mainData = [ { fieldName: "bt", fieldValue: activeSurvey.value.bt }, { fieldName: "tprxm", fieldValue: voterName.value }, { fieldName: "tprsfz", fieldValue: voterIdCard.value }, { fieldName: "mb", fieldValue: mainIdToSubmit.value }, { fieldName: "dclx", fieldValue: activeSurvey.value.dclx }, { fieldName: "tffs", fieldValue: activeSurvey.value.tffs } ]; const workflowRequestTableRecords = selectedCandidates.value.map(candidate => ({ workflowRequestTableFields: [ { fieldName: "dcbt", fieldValue: candidate.dcbt }, { fieldName: "tmlx", fieldValue: candidate.tmlx }, { fieldName: "dcxx", fieldValue: candidate.vote === 'A' ? 17 : candidate.vote === 'B' ? 18 : 19 } ] })); // console.log('提交数据:', { // mainData, // workflowRequestTableRecords // }); const requestBody = { requestName: activeSurvey.value.bt, // 投票标题 workflowId: 118, // 固定工作流ID mainData, workflowRequestTableRecords }; // 发送POST请求 const response = await fetch('/api/wechat/addInvestigateWorkflow1', { method: 'POST', headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }, body: safeStringify(requestBody)// 使用安全序列化,避免重复引用 }); const result = await response.json(); // 根据 api_status 判断 if (result.api_status === true) { // 成功处理 const successMsg = result.msg || '投票提交成功!'; showMessage('投票提交成功!', 'success'); // 存储已投票标识 localStorage.setItem('voted_' + voterIdCard.value, 'true'); } else { // 处理错误情况 if (result.msg === '你已提交或不满足提交条件') { showMessage(result.msg, 'error'); // 特殊处理:用户已投票,存储标识防止重复提交 localStorage.setItem('voted_' + voterIdCard.value, 'true'); } else { // 其他错误情况 const errorMsg = result.msg ? `提交失败: ${result.msg}` : '未知错误,请稍后重试'; showMessage(errorMsg, 'error'); } } } catch (error) { console.error('网络请求失败:', error); showMessage('网络错误,请检查连接后重试', 'error'); } finally { isSubmitting.value = false; } }; // 重置投票 const resetVotes = () => { if (confirm('确定要重置所有投票吗?')) { voters.value.forEach(voter => { voter.vote = null; }); votes.A = 0; votes.B = 0; votes.C = 0; voterInfo.name = ''; voterInfo.idNumber = ''; } }; //后台响应信息showMessage const showMessage = (message, type = 'error') => { // 更新消息提示状态 alertMessage.value = message; showAlert.value = true; alertType.value = type; // 错误提示停留3秒,成功提示停留2秒 const timeout = type === 'error' ? 3000 : 2000; setTimeout(() => { showAlert.value = false; }, timeout); }; </script> <style scoped> /* 移动端垂直布局 */ @media (max-width: 480px) { .input-group { flex-direction: column; } } /* 平板/桌面端水平布局 */ @media (min-width: 768px) { .input-group { flex-direction: row; } } /* 消息提示样式 */ .alert { padding: 15px; margin-bottom: 20px; border-radius: 4px; text-align: center; position: fixed; top: 20px; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%); z-index: 1000; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); min-width: 300px; opacity: 0.95; } .alert.error { background-color: #ffebee; color: #b71c1c; border: 1px solid #ffcdd2; } .alert.success { background-color: #e8f5e9; color: #1b5e20; border: 1px solid #c8e6c9; } .vote-container { max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 20px; } .stats { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; margin-bottom: 30px; background: #f5f7fa; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); } .stat { flex: 1; text-align: center; padding: 0 15px; } .progress { height: 20px; background: #e0e0e0; border-radius: 10px; margin: 10px 0; overflow: hidden; } .progress-bar { height: 100%; background: #3498db; transition: width 0.3s; } .voters-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(240px, 1fr)); gap: 20px; } .voter-card { background: white; border-radius: 8px; padding: 15px; box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); transition: transform 0.2s; } .voter-card:hover { transform: translateY(-5px); } .voter-id { color: #777; font-size: 0.9rem; margin-bottom: 15px; } .vote-options { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; } .vote-options button { flex: 1; margin: 0 5px; padding: 8px 0; border: none; border-radius: 4px; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.2s; } .vote-options button:not(.selected):hover { opacity: 0.9; transform: scale(1.05); } .vote-options button:first-child { background: #ff6b6b; color: white; } .vote-options button:nth-child(2) { background: #4ecdc4; color: white; } .vote-options button:last-child { background: #ffd166; color: white; } .selected { border: 2px solid #2c3e50 !important; font-weight: bold; box-shadow: 0 0 2 rgba(61, 60, 60, 0.5); } .disabled { opacity: 0.5 !important; cursor: not-allowed !important; } .action-buttons { margin-top: 30px; display: flex; justify-content: center; gap: 20px; } .action-buttons button { padding: 12px 30px; border: none; border-radius: 6px; cursor: pointer; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; transition: all 0.2s; } .action-buttons button:first-child { background: #3498db; color: white; } .action-buttons button:first-child:disabled { background: #bdc3c7; cursor: not-allowed; } .action-buttons button:last-child { background: #e74c3c; color: white; } .action-buttons button:hover:not(:disabled) { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); } </style>浏览器报错:Uncaught (in promise) TypeError: _ctx.canVote is not a function at eval (VM10454 Vote.vue:88:23) at renderList (runtime-core.esm-bundler.js:2904:1) at Proxy.render (VM10454 Vote.vue:82:552) at renderComponentRoot (runtime-core.esm-bundler.js:6501:1) at ReactiveEffect.componentUpdateFn [as fn] (runtime-core.esm-bundler.js:5397:1) at ReactiveEffect.run (reactivity.esm-bundler.js:225:1) at ReactiveEffect.runIfDirty (reactivity.esm-bundler.js:263:1) at callWithErrorHandling (runtime-core.esm-bundler.js:199:1) at flushJobs (runtime-core.esm-bundler.js:408:1) eval @ VM10454 Vote.vue:88 renderList @ runtime-core.esm-bundler.js:2904 render @ VM10454 Vote.vue:82 renderComponentRoot @ runtime-core.esm-bundler.js:6501 componentUpdateFn @ runtime-core.esm-bundler.js:5397 run @ reactivity.esm-bundler.js:225 runIfDirty @ reactivity.esm-bundler.js:263 callWithErrorHandling @ runtime-core.esm-bundler.js:199 flushJobs @ runtime-core.esm-bundler.js:408 Promise.then queueFlush @ runtime-core.esm-bundler.js:322 queueJob @ runtime-core.esm-bundler.js:317 effect.scheduler @ runtime-core.esm-bundler.js:5448 trigger @ reactivity.esm-bundler.js:253 endBatch @ reactivity.esm-bundler.js:311 notify @ reactivity.esm-bundler.js:597 trigger @ reactivity.esm-bundler.js:571 set value @ reactivity.esm-bundler.js:1448 eval @ VM10456 Vote.vue:94 await in eval eval @ runtime-core.esm-bundler.js:2815 callWithErrorHandling @ runtime-core.esm-bundler.js:199 callWithAsyncErrorHandling @ runtime-core.esm-bundler.js:206 hook.__weh.hook.__weh @ runtime-core.esm-bundler.js:2795 flushPostFlushCbs @ runtime-core.esm-bundler.js:385 flushJobs @ runtime-core.esm-bundler.js:427 Promise.then queueFlush @ runtime-core.esm-bundler.js:322 queueJob @ runtime-core.esm-bundler.js:317 reload @ runtime-core.esm-bundler.js:527 eval @ runtime-core.esm-bundler.js:561 eval @ Vote.vue:15 ./src/views/Vote.vue @ about.js:1355 __webpack_require__ @ app.js:308 _requireSelf @ app.js:599 apply @ app.js:1335 (匿名) @ app.js:839 internalApply @ app.js:837 (匿名) @ app.js:775 waitForBlockingPromises @ app.js:730 (匿名) @ app.js:773 Promise.then (匿名) @ app.js:772 Promise.then (匿名) @ app.js:753 Promise.then hotCheck @ app.js:744 check @ dev-server.js:15 eval @ dev-server.js:69 emit @ events.js:153 reloadApp @ reloadApp.js:38 ok @ index.js:227 eval @ socket.js:62 client.onmessage @ WebSocketClient.js:45
06-12
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