本文介绍如何在Tomcat中使用Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS)进行身份验证和授权。通过自定义Login Module、User及Role类，并配置Tomcat以使用JAAS Realm，可以实现灵活且安全的身份管理。
这次项目例子是采用
struts+hibernate
来搭建的，其目的是为了实现
jaas
在
tomcate
中的简化实现。在参考了很多资源后，发现利用现有框架和服务器来实现身份的验证和授权是最简单的途径，所以这次我采用的是在
tomcat
提供的
jaas
验证框架下实现
jaas
。虽然这个框架的功能很有限，但结合
struts
的授权机制就可以满足中等项目的需求了。
一
首先参考
tomcat
下文档的
jaasRealm
的配置，注意文档中的两个地方：
Quick Start
To set up Tomcat to use JAASRealm with your own JAAS login module, you will need to follow these steps:
1. Write your own LoginModule, User and Role classes based on JAAS (see the JAAS Authentication Tutorial and the JAAS Login Module Developer's Guide) to be managed by the JAAS Login Context (javax.security.auth.login.LoginContext) When developing your LoginModule, note that JAASRealm's built-in CallbackHandler +only recognizes the NameCallback and PasswordCallback at present.
2. Although not specified in JAAS, you should create seperate classes to distinguish between users and roles, extending javax.security.Principal, so that Tomcat can tell which Principals returned from your login module are users and which are roles (see org.apache.catalina.realm.JAASRealm). Regardless, the first Principal returned is always treated as the user Principal.
3. Place the compiled classes on Tomcat's classpath
4. Set up a login.config file for Java (see JAAS LoginConfig file) and tell Tomcat where to find it by specifying its location to the JVM, for instance by setting the environment variable: JAVA_OPTS=-DJAVA_OPTS=-Djava.security.auth.login.config==$CATALINA_HOME/conf/jaas.config
5. Configure your security-constraints in your web.xml for the resources you want to protect
6. Configure the JAASRealm module in your server.xml
7. Restart Tomcat 5 if it is already running.
Additional Notes
When a user attempts to access a protected resource for the first time, Tomcat 5 will call the authenticate() method of this Realm. Thus, any changes you have made in the security mechanism directly (new users, changed passwords or roles, etc.) will be immediately reflected.
Once a user has been authenticated, the user (and his or her associated roles) are cached within Tomcat for the duration of the user's login. For FORM-based authentication, that means until the session times out or is invalidated; for BASIC authentication, that means until the user closes their browser. Any changes to the security information for an already authenticated user will not be reflected until the next time that user logs on again.
As with other Realm implementations, digested passwords are supported if the <Realm> element in server.xml contains a digest attribute; JAASRealm's CallbackHandler will digest the password prior to passing it back to the LoginModule
二
按照文档
Quick Start
的顺序先编写
jaas
’
s code
Role
package com.jaas;
import java.security.Principal;
/**
* Copyright (c) 2005-2007 by BenQGURU Corporation
* All rights reserved.
* @author wesley zhang(wesley.zhang@BenQ.com)
* @version $Id: Role.java,v 1.1 2007-5-11 12:36:57wesley zhang Exp $
**/
public class Role implements Principal
{
private String rolename;
public Role(String rolename)
{
this.rolename = rolename;
}
/**
* equals
*
* @param object Object
* @return boolean
* @todo Implements this java.security.Principal method
*/
public boolean equals(Object object)
{
System.out.println("object="+object.getClass().toString());
boolean flag = false;
if(object == null)
flag = false;
if(this == object)
flag = true;
if(!(object instanceof Role))
flag = false;
if(object instanceof Role)
{
Role that = (Role)object;
if(this.getName().equals(that.getName()))
{
flag = true;
}
}
System.out.println("flag="+flag);
return flag;
}
/**
* toString
* @return String
* @todo Implement this java.security.Principal method
*/
public String toString()
{
return this.getName();
}
/**
* hashCode
* @return int
* @todo Implement this java.security.Principal method
*/
public int hashCode()
{
return rolename.hashCode();
}
/**
* getName
* @return String
* @todo Implement this java.security.Principal method
*/
public String getName()
{
return this.rolename;
}
}
User
package com.jaas;
import java.security.Principal;
/**
* Copyright (c) 2005-2007 by BenQGURU Corporation
* All rights reserved.
* @author wesley zhang(wesley.zhang@BenQ.com)
* @version $Id: User.java,v 1.1 2007-5-11 12:50:36wesley zhang Exp $
**/
public class User implements Principal
{
private String username;
public User(String username)
{
this.username = username;
}
/**
* equals
* @param object Object
* @return boolean
* @todo Implement this java.serurity.Principal method
*/
public boolean equals(Object object)
{
System.out.println("object="+object.getClass().toString());
boolean flag = false;
if(object== null)
flag = false;
if(this == object)
flag = true;
if(!(object instanceof User))
flag = false;
if(object instanceof User)
{
User that = (User)object;
if(this.getName().equals(that.getName()))
{
flag = true;
}
}
System.out.println("flag="+flag);
return flag;
}
/**
* toString
* @return String
* @todo Implement this java.sercurity.Principal method
*/
public String toString()
{
return this.getName();
}
/**
* hashCode
* @return int
* @todo Implement this java.sercurity.Principal method
*/
public int hashCode()
{
return username.hashCode();
}
/**
* getName
* @return String
* @todo Implement this java.security.Principal method
*/
public String getName()
{
return this.username;
}
}
TestLoginMoudle
package com.jaas;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.security.auth.Subject;
import javax.security.auth.callback.Callback;
import javax.security.auth.callback.CallbackHandler;
import javax.security.auth.callback.NameCallback;
import javax.security.auth.callback.PasswordCallback;
import javax.security.auth.login.FailedLoginException;
import javax.security.auth.login.LoginException;
import javax.security.auth.spi.LoginModule;
/**
* Copyright (c) 2005-2007 by BenQGURU Corporation
* All rights reserved.
* @author wesley zhang(wesley.zhang@BenQ.com)
* @version $Id: TestLoginMoudle.java,v 1.1 2007-5-11 13:01:15wesley zhang Exp $
**/
public class TestLoginMoudle implements LoginModule
{
private Subject subject;
private CallbackHandler callbackHandler;
private Map shareState;
private Map options;
//The configuration select
private boolean debug = false;
//The state
private boolean succeeded = false;
private boolean commitSucceeded = false;
private String username;
private char [] password;
//User's Principal
private User user;
private Role role;
/**
* initialize
*
* @param subject Subject
* @param callbackHandler CallbackHandler
* @param map Map
* @param map3 Map
* @todo Implement this javax.security.auth.spi.LoginMoudle method
*/
public void initialize(Subject subject, CallbackHandler callbackHandler,
Map map, Map map3)
{
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
this.subject = subject;
this.callbackHandler = callbackHandler;
this.shareState = map;
this.options = map3;
}
/**
* login
*
* @return boolean
* @throws LoginException
* @todo Implement this javax.security.auth.spi.LoginMoudle method
*/
public boolean login() throws LoginException
{
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(callbackHandler == null)
{
throw new LoginException("No CallBackHandler!");
}
Callback[] callbacks = new Callback[2];
callbacks[0] = new NameCallback("user name");
callbacks[1] = new PasswordCallback("password",false);
try
{
callbackHandler.handle(callbacks);
username = ((NameCallback)callbacks[0]).getName();
password = ((PasswordCallback)callbacks[1]).getPassword();
System.out.println("username="+username);
System.out.println("password="+new String(password));
}
catch(Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
boolean isuser = false;
boolean ispass = false;
if(username.equals("hello"))
{
isuser = true;
String pw_str = new String(password);
if(pw_str.equals("hello"))
{
System.out.println("login success!");
ispass = true;
succeeded = true;
return succeeded;
}
}
if(!isuser)
{
throw new FailedLoginException("User Name Incorrect");
}
else
{
throw new FailedLoginException("Password Incorrect!");
}
}
/**
* commit
*
* @return boolean
* @throws LoginException
* @todo Implement this javax.security.auth.spi.LoginMoudle method
*/
public boolean commit() throws LoginException
{
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(!succeeded)
{
return false;
}
else
{
user = new User(username);
role = new Role("guest");
if(!subject.getPrincipals().contains(user))
{
subject.getPrincipals().add(user);
}
if(!subject.getPrincipals().contains(role))
{
subject.getPrincipals().add(role);
}
if(debug)
{
System.out.println("Add subject Succeeded!");
}
username = null;
for(int i=0;i<password.length;i++)
{
password[i] = '';
}
commitSucceded = true;
return true;
}
}
/**
* abort
*
* @return boolean
* @throws loginException
* @todo Implement this javax.security.auth.spi.LoginMoudle method
*/
public boolean abort() throws LoginException
{
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("abort()");
if(succeeded == false)
{
return false;
}
else if(succeeded == true && commitSucceeded == false)
{
//login succed but overall authentication failed
succeeded = false;
username = null;
if(password != null)
{
for(int i = 0; i<password.length;i++)
{
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