rails2.3 routes笔记

[b]参考链接：[url]http://guides.rubyonrails.org/routing.html[/url][/b]

多个简单的RESTful的路由可以这样定义：

map.resources :photos, :books, :videos 

以上代码相当于：

map.resources :photos 
map.resources :books 
map.resources :videos 

单数形式的Resource：
map.resource将生成6个路由规则，与复数形式的resources所不同的是，复数形式多了一个index的action对应的规则，单数形式不需要index，只需要一个show即可。生成的url稍微有所不同，不过和复数形式的resources一样，这些url不用记，有规律，很容易想到该怎么写。

可以通过:controller选项修改RESTful路由默认的controller，比如：

map.resources :photos, :controller => "images" 

本来pohtos的controller是PhotosController，这里变成了ImagesController。

[b][color=red]=begin[/color][/b]
guides中有这么个用法：
[quote]You can also specify a controller namespace with the :namespace option instead of a path:

map.resources :adminphotos, :namespace => "admin", :controller => "photos" 

This can be especially useful when combined with with_options to map multiple namespaced routes together:

map.with_options(:namespace => "admin") do |admin|
 admin.resources :photos, :videos
end 

That would give you routing for admin/photos and admin/videos controllers.[/quote]
可我试了，好像并不是这么回事。
我仿着写了一段：

  map.with_options(:namespace=>'admin') do |admin|
    admin.resources :books, :box
  end

可我访问/admin/books时Rails却报告No route matches。再试了一下访问/books，却有结果了，结果是：NameError in AdminbooksController#index ——它在原来的BooksController前边加了一个Admin并且把B小写了……
翻了Rails的api也没见着这个:namespace的用法，实在搞不明白。
[b][color=red]=end[/color][/b]

[b]:singular选项[/b]

如果rails不认识某个单词的单数形式，可以通过:singular来设置：
比如有如下routes代码：

  map.resources :teeth

这时候如果在页面上或者Controller里使用tooth_url，Rails会不认识这个tooth——teeth的单数形式，这种情况下就可以加上:singular => "tooth"：

map.resources :teeth, :singular => "tooth" 

[b]:as选项[/b]
用于修改路由能够识别的url，例如有如下routes代码：

map.resources :photos, :as => "images"

这时访问/images会被Rails识别，并且调用PhotosController的index方法。但/photos这个URL将不再被Rails识别。

[b]:conditions选项[/b]
用于限制能够被识别的请求的HTTP动作，一般不推荐用于RESTful的路由规则中。但可以在map.connect等方法中使用。
用法：

map.connect 'photo/:id', :controller => 'photos', :action => 'show',  :conditions => { :method => :get } 

[b]:requirements选项[/b]
用于限制url参数的格式，比如：

map.resources :photos, :requirements => {:id => /[A-Z][A-Z][0-9]+/}

这样，/photos/1将不再被识别，/photos/AB2会被识别。

[b]:path_name选项[/b]
用于给自动生成的URL中的'new'和'edit'重命名，但并不改变这两个action的名称，用法：

map.resources :photos, :path_names => { :new => 'make', :edit => 'change' } 

以上，/photos/make仍然调用controller里的new方法。
如果你希望整个rails项目中都使用上面的url，而不是默认的new、edit，可以在enviroment.rb中这样配置:

config.action_controller.resources_path_names = { :new => 'make', :edit => 'change' }

[b]:only、:except选项[/b]
[quote]By default, Rails creates routes for all seven of the default actions (index, show, new, create, edit, update, and destroy) for every RESTful route in your application. You can use the : only and :except options to fine-tune this behavior. The : only option specifies that only certain routes should be generated:

map.resources :photos, :only => [:index, :show]

With this declaration, a GET request to /photos would succeed, but a POST request to /photos (which would ordinarily be routed to the create action) will fail.

The :except option specifies a route or list of routes that should not be generated:

map.resources :photos, :except => :destroy

In this case, all of the normal routes except the route for destroy (a DELETE request to /photos/id) will be generated.[/quote]

[quote][color=red]If your application has many RESTful routes, using :only and :except to generate only the routes that you actually need can cut down on memory use and speed up the routing process.[/color][/quote]

[b]:has_one、:has_many[/b] 嵌套资源的一种简洁写法：

map.resources :photos, :has_one => :photographer, :has_many => [:publications, :versions] 

2.x的rails开始支持namespace：

map.namespace(:admin) do |admin|
 admin.resources :photos, :has_many => { :tags, :ratings}
end 

/admin/photos 将调用Admin::PhotosController的index方法。

[b]:member :collection选项[/b]

map.resources :photos, :member => { :preview => :get } 
map.resources :photos, :member => { :prepare => [:get, :post] } 
map.resources :photos, :collection => { :search => :get }

GET /photos/1/preview
POST /photos/1/prepare
GET /photos/search

[quote][color=red][b]A Note of Caution[/b]

If you find yourself adding many extra actions to a RESTful route, it’s time to stop and ask yourself whether you’re disguising the presence of another resource that would be better split off on its own. When the :member and :collection hashes become a dumping-ground, RESTful routes lose the advantage of easy readability that is one of their strongest points.[/color][/quote]

后面是比较常用的connect的用法，比较熟悉，就不记了。倒是有个with_options第一次见到：

map.with_options :controller => 'photo' do |photo|
 photo.list '', :action => 'index'
 photo.delete ':id/delete', :action => 'delete'
 photo.edit ':id/edit', :action => 'edit'
end 

用于批量设置一组具有某相同选项的路由规则。

rake routes 可以在控制台按顺序输出所有的路由规则。