本文来自http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/lijun84 ,引用必须注明出处!
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本文来自我实践中以及阅读优秀开源项目的技巧手法总结。更多是从设计和代码结构技巧上考虑,希望对大家提供 C 编程有所帮助。
1 , 开发跨平台的一种结构体实现 (说明代码提取自 LCC 编译器源码)
// 定义跨平台的结构体 .
typedef struct binding {
char *name; // 标识一个平台的名子 .
Interface *ir; // 跨平台的接口结构 , 一般声明需要跨平台的操作函数的指针和一些变量 .
} Binding;
// 可以先把每个平台的接口对象绑定好 .
Binding binds[]{
// 象 alphaIR 这些对象和它们中定义函数指针对应的函数实现可以定义在如 alpha.c 这样命名的文件中
"alpha/osf",&alphaIR,
"mips/irix",&mipsebIR,
"sparc/sun",&sparcIR
};
// 下面使用起来就很方便了 , 无论是从命令行取平台名子动态绑定还是用宏来在编译时绑定 .
如 ( 动态绑定 ):for (j = 0; bindings[j].name && bindings[j].ir; j++)
// 根据 -target 参数的值来确定平台
if (strcmp(&argv[i][8], bindings[j].name) == 0) {
IR = bindings[j].ir; // 绑定到特定平台的接口
break;
}
2 ,巧用宏来减少代码量,使代码更美观 (说明代码提取自 LCC 编译器源码)
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3 ,巧用联合体 (说明代码提取自 LCC 编译器源码)

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4 , 用通用结构体头实现 C 的 OO 封装 (说明代码提取自 Ruby 源码)

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struct RBasic 的设计是为了包含由所有对象结构体共享的一些重要信息的。struct RBasic 的定义如下:
struct RBasic
struct RBasic {
unsigned long flags;
VALUE klass;
};
flags 是个多目的的标记,大多用以记录结构体类型 ( 比如, struct RObject) 。类型标记命名为 T_xxxx ,可以使用宏 TYPE() 从 VALUE 中获得。这是一个例子:
VALUE str;
str = rb_str_new(); /* 创建 Ruby 字符串(其结构体是 RString ) */
TYPE(str); /* 返回值是 T_STRING */
这些 T_xxxx 标记的名字直接与其对应的类型名相关,如 T_STRING 表示 struct RString 、 T_ARRAY 表示 struct RArray 。
struct RBasic 的另一个成员, klass ,包含了这个对象归属的类。因为 klass 成员是 VALUE 类型 , 它存储的是(一个指针指向)一个 Ruby 对象。简言之,它是一个类对象。
函数指针表和变量表实现成员函数和成员变量的封装:
struct RClass {
struct RBasic basic;
struct st_table *iv_tbl;
struct st_table *m_tbl;
VALUE super;
};
struct
st_table
是一个在
ruby
中到处使用的
hash
表,但基本上,它就是一个将名字映射为对象的表。在
m_tbl
中,持有这个类所拥有方法的名称(
ID
)与方法实体本身之间的对应关系。
本文分享了C编程中实用的设计和代码结构技巧,包括跨平台结构体实现、宏的巧妙运用、联合体的使用及通过通用结构体实现面向对象封装等。
2009

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