本文档提供了C语言及其标准库的全面指南，涵盖了从基本语法到高级主题的所有内容，包括字符、标识符、函数定义、预处理指令等，并详细介绍了数学运算、文件操作、字符串处理等实用功能。
The C Library Reference Guide
by Eric Huss© Copyright 1997 Eric Huss
Release 1
Introduction
1. Language
1.1 Characters
1.1.1 Trigraph Characters
1.1.2 Escape Sequences
1.1.3 Comments
1.2 Identifiers
1.2.1 Keywords
1.2.2 Variables
1.2.3 Enumerated Tags
1.2.4 Arrays
1.2.5 Structures and Unions
1.2.6 Constants
1.2.7 Strings
1.2.8 sizeof Keyword
1.3 Functions
1.3.1 Definition
1.3.2 Program Startup
1.4 References
1.4.1 Pointers and the Address Operator
1.4.2 Typecasting
1.5 Operators
1.5.1 Postfix
1.5.2 Unary and Prefix
1.5.3 Normal
1.5.4 Boolean
1.5.5 Assignment
1.5.6 Precedence
1.6 Statements
1.6.1 if
1.6.2 switch
1.6.3 while
1.6.4 do
1.6.5 for
1.6.6 goto
1.6.7 continue
1.6.8 break
1.6.9 return
1.7 Preprocessing Directives
1.7.1 #if, #elif, #else, #endif
1.7.2 #define, #undef, #ifdef, #ifndef
1.7.3 #include
1.7.4 #line
1.7.5 #error
1.7.6 #pragma
1.7.7 Predefined Macros
2. Library
2.1 assert.h
2.1.1 assert
2.2 ctype.h
2.2.1 is... Functions
2.2.2 to... Functions
2.3 errno.h
2.3.1 EDOM
2.3.2 ERANGE
2.3.3 errno
2.4 float.h
2.4.1 Defined Values
2.5 limits.h
2.5.1 Defined Values
2.6 locale.h
2.6.1 Variables and Definitions
2.6.2 setlocale
2.6.3 localeconv
2.7 math.h
2.7.1 Error Conditions
2.7.2 Trigonometric Functions
2.7.2.1 acos
2.7.2.2 asin
2.7.2.3 atan
2.7.2.4 atan2
2.7.2.5 cos
2.7.2.6 cosh
2.7.2.7 sin
2.7.2.8 sinh
2.7.2.9 tan
2.7.2.10 tanh
2.7.3 Exponential, Logarithmic, and Power Functions
2.7.3.1 exp
2.7.3.2 frexp
2.7.3.3 ldexp
2.7.3.4 log
2.7.3.5 log10
2.7.3.6 modf
2.7.3.7 pow
2.7.3.8 sqrt
2.7.4 Other Math Functions
2.7.4.1 ceil
2.7.4.2 fabs
2.7.4.3 floor
2.7.4.4 fmod
2.8 setjmp.h
2.8.1 Variables and Definitions
2.8.2 setjmp
2.8.3 longjmp
2.9 signal.h
2.9.1 Variables and Definitions
2.9.2 signal
2.9.3 raise
2.10 stdarg.h
2.10.1 Variables and Definitions
2.10.2 va_start
2.10.3 va_arg
2.10.4 va_end
2.11 stddef.h
2.11.1 Variables and Definitions
2.12 stdio.h
2.12.1 Variables and Definitions
2.12.2 Streams and Files
2.12.3 File Functions
2.12.3.1 clearerr
2.12.3.2 fclose
2.12.3.3 feof
2.12.3.4 ferror
2.12.3.5 fflush
2.12.3.6 fgetpos
2.12.3.7 fopen
2.12.3.8 fread
2.12.3.9 freopen
2.12.3.10 fseek
2.12.3.11 fsetpos
2.12.3.12 ftell
2.12.3.13 fwrite
2.12.3.14 remove
2.12.3.15 rename
2.12.3.16 rewind
2.12.3.17 setbuf
2.12.3.18 setvbuf
2.12.3.19 tmpfile
2.12.3.20 tmpnam
2.12.4 Formatted I/O Functions
2.12.4.1 ...printf Functions
2.12.4.2 ...scanf Functions
2.12.5 Character I/O Functions
2.12.5.1 fgetc
2.12.5.2 fgets
2.12.5.3 fputc
2.12.5.4 fputs
2.12.5.5 getc
2.12.5.6 getchar
2.12.5.7 gets
2.12.5.8 putc
2.12.5.9 putchar
2.12.5.10 puts
2.12.5.11 ungetc
2.12.7 Error Functions
2.12.7.1 perror
2.13 stdlib.h
2.13.1 Variables and Definitions
2.13.2 String Functions
2.13.2.1 atof
2.13.2.2 atoi
2.13.2.3 atol
2.13.2.4 strtod
2.13.2.5 strtol
2.13.2.6 strtoul
2.13.3 Memory Functions
2.13.3.1 calloc
2.13.3.2 free
2.13.3.3 malloc
2.13.3.4 realloc
2.13.4 Environment Functions
2.13.4.1 abort
2.13.4.2 atexit
2.13.4.3 exit
2.13.4.4 getenv
2.13.4.5 system
2.13.5 Searching and Sorting Functions
2.13.5.1 bsearch
2.13.5.2 qsort
2.13.6 Math Functions
2.13.6.1 abs
2.13.6.2 div
2.13.6.3 labs
2.13.6.4 ldiv
2.13.6.5 rand
2.13.6.6 srand
2.13.7 Multibyte Functions
2.13.7.1 mblen
2.13.7.2 mbstowcs
2.13.7.3 mbtowc
2.13.7.4 wcstombs
2.13.7.5 wctomb
2.14 string.h
2.14.1 Variables and Definitions
2.14.2 memchr
2.14.3 memcmp
2.14.4 memcpy
2.14.5 memmove
2.14.6 memset
2.14.7 strcat
2.14.8 strncat
2.14.9 strchr
2.14.10 strcmp
2.14.11 strncmp
2.14.12 strcoll
2.14.13 strcpy
2.14.14 strncpy
2.14.15 strcspn
2.14.16 strerror
2.14.17 strlen
2.14.18 strpbrk
2.14.19 strrchr
2.14.20 strspn
2.14.21 strstr
2.14.22 strtok
2.14.23 strxfrm
2.15 time.h
2.15.1 Variables and Definitions
2.15.2 asctime
2.15.3 clock
2.15.4 ctime
2.15.5 difftime
2.15.6 gmtime
2.15.7 localtime
2.15.8 mktime
2.15.9 strftime
2.15.10 time
Appendix A
ASCII Chart
Index
Index
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