Oracle Silent Installations(静默安装)

Linux平台下OracleSilentInstallations(静默安装)，一直都没有尝试过用这种方法来装数据库。因为有高级的工具，就没有必要在来用这种方法了，Oracle的界面还是比较方便，而且我们还有Xmanager工具，所以在linux下装软件，还是很方便的。

因此也就没有太在意这种方法，昨天有网友问我了，就整理下吧。自己也顺便了解一下。毕竟没有实践过，就没有发言权。

贴了很多安装的Log，所以很长，其实安装过程很简单。

相关连接：

linux平台下oracle数据库安装

http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/tianlesoftware/archive/2009/10/24/4718218.aspx

linux下手工新建数据库

http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/tianlesoftware/archive/2009/10/17/4680213.aspx

Oracle数据库静默安装实践

http://www.oracle.com/technology/global/cn/pub/articles/10gdba/wininst_otn.html

实验平台:redhat4update7+oracle10g

1.下载软件
10G和11G的官网下载地址：
http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/database/index.html

2.检查相关包：

用命令：

rpm-qbinutilscompat-dbcontrol-centergccgcc-c++glibcglibc-common/
gnome-libslibstdc++libstdc++-develmakepdkshsysstatxscreensaverlibaioopenmotif21

哪些包没有打，把那些包打上就可以了。如果在安装系统的时候把所有的包都安装上的话，就不用做这一步了。

3.设置内核参数(在/etc/sysctl.conf文件中加入下列行)

kernel.shmall=2097152

kernel.shmmax=2147483648

kernel.shmmni=4096

#semaphores:semmsl,semmns,semopm,semmni

kernel.sem=25032000100128

fs.file-max=65536

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=102465000

net.core.rmem_default=262144

net.core.rmem_max=262144

net.core.wmem_default=262144

net.core.wmem_max=262144

--然后运行下面命令，使上面的设置生效

#/sbin/sysctl-p

kernel.shmall为物理内存除以pagesize;

kernel.shmmax为物理内存的一半;

fs.file-max为512乘以processes(如128个process则为65536);

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range/net.core.rmem_default/net.core.rmem_max三个参数设置和官方文档不一样,这是根据metalink343431.1最新要求更改的;

net.ipv4.tcp_rmem/net.ipv4.tcp_wmem两个参数一般情况下无需设置,除非是在Dataguard/Streams等需很多网络传输情况下;

其它参数根据官方文档要求设置即可.

具体内容参考我的blog：

Linux内核参数及Oracle相关参数调整

http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/tianlesoftware/archive/2009/10/15/4668741.aspx

4.因为所有的进程都是以Oracle身份来运行的，因此需要定义Oracle用户能够使用的系统资源数量。

vi/etc/sysconfig/limits.conf

--使用HugePage内存技术，添加下面2行

Oraclesoftmemlock5242880

Oraclehardmemlock524280

--进程句柄数量

oraclesoftnproc2047

oraclehardnproc16384

--文件句柄

oraclesoftnofile65536

oraclehardnofile65536

将下面一行添加到/etc/pam.d/login文件中:

sessionrequired/lib/security/pam_limits.so

5.禁用SELINUX，编辑/etc/selinux/config，将SELINUX设置为SELINUX=disabled

6.添加用户组和用户，并为oracle用户设置密码

#groupaddoinstall

#groupadddba

#useradd-goinstall-Gdbaoracle

－g后面只有一个参数，也就是指定用户属于该组

－G后面有好几个参数，也就是指定用户属于后面的多个组

-ginitial_group：group名称或以数字来做为使用者登入起始群组(group)。群组名须为现有存在的名称。群组数字也须为现有存在的群组。预设的群组数字为1。

-Ggroup,[...]定义此使用者为此一堆roups的成员。不可以夹杂空白字元。群组名同-g选项的限制.定义值为使用者的起始群组。

若存在oracle用户，则用以下语句来修改用户组：

###changeusergroupattribute

usermod-goinstall-Gdbaoracle

#passwdoracle

7.创建Oracle安装文件夹

mkdir-p/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

chown-Roracle.oinstall/u01

chmod-R777/u01

8.设置oracle用户的环境变量

#vi/home/oracle/.bash_profile

--将如下代码添加到.bash_profile文件中：

#OracleSettings

TMP=/tmp;exportTMP

TMPDIR=$TMP;exportTMPDIR

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle;exportORACLE_BASE

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1;exportORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_SID=orcl;exportORACLE_SID

ORACLE_TERM=xterm;exportORACLE_TERM

PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH;exportPATH

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH;exportPATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;exportLD_LIBRARY_PATH

CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jre:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;exportCLASSPATH

if[$USER="oracle"];then

if[$SHELL="/bin/ksh"];then

ulimit-p16384

ulimit-n65536

else

ulimit-u16384-n65536

fi

fi

9.修改静默安装的参数文件

在安装软件install/response目录下有如下文件：custom.rsp，dbca.rsp，emca.rsp，enterprise.rsp，netca.rsp，standard.rsp。看到文件的名字就知道他的作用了。我们选择enterprise.rsp，修改相关参数后即可安装。

要修改的地方如下：

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#Name:ORACLE_HOME

#Datatype:String

#Description:CompletepathoftheOracleHome.

#Example:ORACLE_HOME="/product/10.2.0/db_1"

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#Name:ORACLE_HOME_NAME

#Datatype:String

#Description:OracleHomeName.Usedincreatingfoldersandservices.

#Example:ORACLE_HOME_NAME="OraDbHome1"

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ORACLE_HOME_NAME=ORACLE_HOME

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#Name:n_configurationOption

#Datatype:Number

#Description:Determinesthetypeofconfigurationtoperformforthesession.

#

#Thisentryshouldbespecifiedasannumber.Thevalidvalues

#thatyoucanusemaptothefollowingoptions:

#1-CreateaDatabase

#2-ConfigureanASMinstance

#3-InstallSoftwareOnly

#

#Example:n_configurationOption=1

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

n_configurationOption=1

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#Name:n_dbType

#Datatype:Number

#Description:Determinesthetypeofdatabasetocreate.

#

#Thisentryshouldbespecifiedasanumber.Thevalidvalues

#youcanspecifymaptothefollowingoptions:

#1-GeneralPurposeStarterDatabase

#2-TransactionProcessingStarterDatabase

#3-DataWarehouseStarterDatabase

#4-AdvancedConfiguration

#

#Pre-requsitesforsettingthisvariable:

#n_configurationOption=1

#n_performUpgrade=0

#

#Example:n_dbType=1

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

n_dbType=1

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#Name:s_responseFileName

#Datatype:String

#Description:StoresthelocationoftheDBCAresponsefileforanAdvanced

#Configuration.

#

#IfyouchosetoperformasilentAdvancedConfigurationby

#specifyingn_dbType=4above,thenyouneedtospecifyanumber

#ofadditionalAdvancedConfigurationparametersinaresponse

#filethatisusedbytheDBCA.Atemplateofthisresponsefile

#canbefoundontheinstallationmediainresponse/dbca.rsp.Use

#thisfiletocompletelycustomizethesilentdatabase

#configuration,andsets_responseFileNametothelocationof

#thisresponsefile.

#

#Pre-requsitesforsettingthisvariable:

#n_configurationOption=1

#n_performUpgrade=0

#n_dbType=4

#

#Example:oracle.assistants.server:s_responseFileName="/tmp/dbca.rsp"

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.assistants.server:s_responseFileName=/mnt/10201_database_linux32_FromOracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#Name:s_globalDBName

#Datatype:String

#Description:TheStarterDatabaseGlobalDatabaseName

#

#Pre-requsitesforsettingthisvariable:

#n_configurationOption=1

#n_performUpgrade=0

#n_dbType=1,2,or3

#

#Example:s_globalDBName="mydb.mydomain.com"

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

s_globalDBName=orcl

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#Name:s_dbSid

#Datatype:String

#Description:TheStarterDatabaseSID.

#

#Pre-requsitesforsettingthisvariable:

#n_configurationOption=1

#n_performUpgrade=0

#n_dbType=1,2,or3

#

#Example:s_dbSid="orcl"

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

s_dbSid=orcl

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#Name:n_dbStorageType

#Datatype:Number

#Description:Determinesthetypeofstoragetouseforthethedatabase.

#

#Thisentryshouldbespecifiedasannumber.Thevalidvalues

#thatyoucanusemaptothefollowingoptions:

#1-Placethedatafilesonafilesystem

#2-UseAutomaticStorageManagement(ASM)

#3-Placethedatafilesonrawpartitions

#

#Pre-requsitesforsettingthisvariable:

#n_configurationOption=1

#n_performUpgrade=0

#n_dbType=1,2,or3

#

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

n_dbStorageType=1

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#Name:s_dlgRBORecoveryLocation

#Datatype:String

#Description:Ifusingafilesystemforstoringbackupandrecoveryfiles,

#thisentryisusedforspecifyingthelocationonthefile

#systemforstoringthesefiles..

#

#Pre-requsitesforsettingthisvariable:

#n_configurationOption=1

#n_performUpgrade=0

#n_dbType=1,2,or3

#b_enableAutoBackup=true

#b_useFileSystemForRecovery=true

#

#Example:s_dlgRBORecoveryLocation="/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area"

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

s_dlgRBORecoveryLocation="/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area"

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#Name:s_dlgRBOUsername

#Datatype:String

#Description:Regardlessofthetypeofstorageyouchooseforbackupand

#recovery,ifyoudecidetoenableautomatedbackups,ajobwill

#bescheduledtorundailyat2:00AMtobackupyourdatabase.

#

#Thisjobwillrunastheoperatingsystemuserthatyouspecify

#usingthisentry.

#

#Pre-requsitesforsettingthisvariable:

#n_configurationOption=1

#n_performUpgrade=0

#n_dbType=1,2,or3

#b_enableAutoBackup=true

#

#Example:s_dlgRBOUsername="oracle"

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

s_dlgRBOUsername=oracle

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#Name:s_superAdminSamePasswd

#Datatype:String

#Description:Storesthepasswordtobeusedforallaccounts.

#

#NOTE:Inordertoperformthesilentinstallsuccessfully,you

#mustspecifythesamepasswordinbothvariables:

#-s_superAdminSamePasswd

#-s_superAdminSamePasswdAgain

#

#Pre-requsitesforsettingthisvariable:

#n_configurationOption=1

#n_performUpgrade=0

#n_dbType=1,2,or3

#b_useSamePassword=true

#

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

s_superAdminSamePasswd=admin

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#Name:s_superAdminSamePasswdAgain

#Datatype:String

#Description:Storesthepasswordtobeusedforallaccounts.

#

#NOTE:Inordertoperformthesilentinstallsuccessfully,you

#mustspecifythesamepasswordinbothvariables:

#-s_superAdminSamePasswd

#-s_superAdminSamePasswdAgain

#

#Pre-requsitesforsettingthisvariable:

#n_configurationOption=1

#n_performUpgrade=0

#n_dbType=1,2,or3

#b_useSamePassword=true

#

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

s_superAdminSamePasswdAgain=admin

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#Name:s_superAdminSamePasswd

#Datatype:String

#Description:Storesthepasswordtobeusedforeachofthedatabaseschemas

#SYS,SYSTEM,SYSMAN,andDBSNMP.

#

#NOTE:Inordertoperformthesilentinstallsuccessfully,you

#mustspecifythesamepasswordsforeachschemausingboth:

#-sl_superAdminSamePasswds

#-sl_superAdminSamePasswdsAgain

#

#Pre-requsitesforsettingthisvariable:

#n_configurationOption=1

#n_performUpgrade=0

#n_dbType=1,2,or3

#b_useSamePassword=false

#

#Example:sl_superAdminPasswds={"<passwordforSYS>","<passwordforSYSTEM>","<passwordforSYSMAN>","<passwordforDBSNMP>"}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sl_superAdminPasswds=admin

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#Name:s_superAdminSamePasswdAgain

#Datatype:String

#Description:Storesthepasswordtobeusedforeachofthedatabaseschemas

#SYS,SYSTEM,SYSMAN,andDBSNMP.

#

#NOTE:Inordertoperformthesilentinstallsuccessfully,you

#mustspecifythesamepasswordsforeachschemausingboth:

#-sl_superAdminSamePasswds

#-sl_superAdminSamePasswdsAgain

#

#Pre-requsitesforsettingthisvariable:

#n_configurationOption=1

#n_performUpgrade=0

#n_dbType=1,2,or3

#b_useSamePassword=false

#

#Example:sl_superAdminPasswdsAgain={"<passwordforSYS>","<passwordforSYSTEM>","<passwordforSYSMAN>","<passwordforDBSNMP>"}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sl_superAdminPasswdsAgain=admin

其他的一切默认。

Linux挂载windows共享盘方法：

#servicenfsstart

#mount-ousername=administrator,password=pwd//10.85.10.80/RAC/mnt

10.开始安装

[oracle@Davedatabase]$pwd

/mnt/10201_database_linux32_FromOracle/database

[oracle@Davedatabase]$./runInstaller-silent-responseFile/mnt/10201_database_linux32_FromOracle/database/response/enterprise.rsp

................................................

.....半个小时之后....

................................................

Configurationassistant"OracleNetConfigurationAssistant"succeeded

Copyingdatabasefiles

1%complete

3%complete

11%complete

18%complete

26%complete

37%complete

CreatingandstartingOracleinstance

40%complete

45%complete

50%complete

55%complete

56%complete

60%complete

62%complete

CompletingDatabaseCreation

66%complete

70%complete

73%complete

85%complete

96%complete

100%complete

Lookatthelogfile"/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log"forfurtherdetails.

Configurationassistant"OracleDatabaseConfigurationAssistant"succeeded

INFO:Command=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/isqlplusctlstart

iSQL*Plus10.2.0.1.0

Copyright(c)2003,2005,Oracle.Allrightsreserved.

StartingiSQL*Plus...

iSQL*Plusstarted.

Configurationassistant"iSQL*PlusConfigurationAssistant"succeeded

INFO:AllthetoolshavebeenexecutedSuccessfully

INFO:The"/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/configToolAllCommands"scriptcontainsallcommandstobeexecutedbytheconfigurationassistants.ThisfilemaybeusedtoruntheconfigurationassistantsoutsideofOUI.Notethatyoumayhavetoupdatethisscriptwithpasswords(ifany)beforeexecutingthesame.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

WARNING:Anewinventoryhasbeencreatedinthissession.However,ithasnotyetbeenregisteredasthecentralinventoryofthissystem.

Toregisterthenewinventorypleaserunthescript'/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh'withrootprivileges.

Ifyoudonotregistertheinventory,youmaynotbeabletoupdateorpatchtheproductsyouinstalled.

11.运行root.sh脚本

[root@Dave~]#/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh

RunningOracle10root.shscript...

Thefollowingenvironmentvariablesaresetas:

ORACLE_OWNER=oracle

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

Enterthefullpathnameofthelocalbindirectory:[/usr/local/bin]:

Copyingdbhometo/usr/local/bin...

Copyingoraenvto/usr/local/bin...

Copyingcoraenvto/usr/local/bin...

Creating/etc/oratabfile...

Entrieswillbeaddedtothe/etc/oratabfileasneededby

DatabaseConfigurationAssistantwhenadatabaseiscreated

Finishedrunninggenericpartofroot.shscript.

Nowproduct-specificrootactionswillbeperformed.

[root@Dave~]#

12.验证Oracle：

[root@Davehsperfdata_oracle]#ps-ef|grepsmon

oracle152331000:39?00:00:01ora_smon_orcl

root2229322126001:43pts/300:00:00grepsmon

[root@Davehsperfdata_oracle]#su-oracle

[oracle@Dave~]$exportORACLE_SID=orcl

[oracle@Dave~]$sqlplus/nolog

SQL*Plus:Release10.2.0.1.0-ProductiononWedMar301:43:322010

Copyright(c)1982,2005,Oracle.Allrightsreserved.

SQL>conn/assysdba

Connected.

SQL>select*fromv$version;

BANNER

----------------------------------------------------------------

OracleDatabase10gEnterpriseEditionRelease10.2.0.1.0-Prod

PL/SQLRelease10.2.0.1.0-Production

CORE10.2.0.1.0Production

TNSforLinux:Version10.2.0.1.0-Production

NLSRTLVersion10.2.0.1.0-Production

SQL>

13.其他命令使用参考：

$./dbca-silent-createdatabase-responseFile/home/oracle/embed/dbca.rsp

$./dbca/silent/responseFile/home/oracle/embed/netca.rsp

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