public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
RequestQueue requestQueue=new RequestQueue();
new ClientThread("Alice",requestQueue, 3141592L).start();
new ServerThread("Bobby",requestQueue, 6535897L).start();
}
}public class Request {
private final String name;
public Request(String name) {
this.name=name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "[ Request "+name+"]";
}
}public class RequestQueue {
private final LinkedList<Request> queue=new LinkedList<Request>();
public synchronized Request getRequest() {
if (queue.size()<=0) {
try {
wait();
//this.wait();当前执行的线程在this上等待,也就是在RequestQueue实例对象上面等待
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return queue.removeFirst();
}
public synchronized void putRequest(Request request) {
queue.addLast(request);
notifyAll();
}
}public class ClientThread extends Thread{
private Random random;
private RequestQueue requestQueue;
public ClientThread(String name,RequestQueue requestQueue,long seed) {
super(name);
this.requestQueue=requestQueue;
random=new Random(seed);
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
Request request=new Request("No."+i);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " requests " + request);
requestQueue.putRequest(request);
try {
Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1000));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}public class ServerThread extends Thread{
private Random random;
private RequestQueue requestQueue;
public ServerThread(String name,RequestQueue requestQueue,long seed) {
super(name);
this.requestQueue=requestQueue;
random=new Random(seed);
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
Request request=requestQueue.getRequest();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" handles "+request);
try {
Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1000));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
运行结果:
Alice requests [ Request No.0]
Bobby handles [ Request No.0]
Alice requests [ Request No.1]
Alice requests [ Request No.2]
Bobby handles [ Request No.1]
Bobby handles [ Request No.2]
Alice requests [ Request No.3]
Bobby handles [ Request No.3]
Alice requests [ Request No.4]
Bobby handles [ Request No.4]
Alice requests [ Request No.5]
Alice requests [ Request No.6]
Bobby handles [ Request No.5]
Bobby handles [ Request No.6]
Alice requests [ Request No.7]
Bobby handles [ Request No.7]
Alice requests [ Request No.8]
Bobby handles [ Request No.8]
Alice requests [ Request No.9]
Bobby handles [ Request No.9]
Alice requests [ Request No.10]
Alice requests [ Request No.11]
Bobby handles [ Request No.10]
Bobby handles [ Request No.11]
执行wait等待条件的变化:
执行wait的时候,线程是在等待什么?线程真正所等待的,是实例状态的变化。等待中的线程,正等待着警戒条件的变化。
只有了解“线程在等待什么”,就知道何时应该“调用notify/notifyAll”,也就是说在等待的东西完成的地方调用notify/notifyAll
wait与锁定:
当某个线程试图去执行某个实例的wait方法时,这个线程必须获取改实例的锁定。在synchronized方法中调用wait方法,在执行wait的时候,的确线程正获取this的锁定 。然而当线程执行this的wait方法后,会进入wait的等待区,这时,线程就会解除this的锁定。而线程可能会因为notify、notifyAll、或interrupt退出等待区。不过在实际执行下一个语句之前,必须再次获得this的锁定才行。
wait与notify、notifyAll的责任(复用性):
程序中只有RequestQueue类有用到wait/notifyAll,在ClientThread、ServerThread、Main等其他类中都没有出现wait/notifyAll。Guarded Suspension Pattern的实现是封装在RequestQueue类里的。之所以隐藏wait/notifyAll,是为了RequestQueue类的复用性。使用RequestQueue类的一方,并不需要考虑wait/notifyAll的问题,只要调用getRequest方法与putRequest方法就行了。
guarded wait:
意义是“被阻挡而等待”,线程使用wait等待,等到被notify/notifyAll再次测试条件的实例方法。使用wait等待的时间,其实是停止在停止在等待区里停止执行,所以不会浪费java执行环境的处理时间。
等待端的范例:
while(!ready)
{
wait();
}唤醒端范例:
ready=true;
notifyAll;busy wait:
“忙碌等待”的意思,线程不适用wait等待,而是用yield(进可能把优先级让给其他线程),并不断测试条件的方法。因为等待中的线程也持续运行着,所以会浪费java虚拟机的时间。yield是Thread累的类方法。
等待端的范例:
while(!ready){
Thread.yield();
}唤醒端的范例:
ready=true;