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<![endif]-->常见的触发器有三种:分别应用于
Insert , Update , Delete
事件。
我为什么要使用触发器?比如,这么两个表:
Create Table
Student(
--
学生表
StudentID int primary
key, --
学号
....
)
Create Table
BorrowRecord(
--
学生借书记录表
BorrowRecord int
identity(1,1), --
流水号
StudentID int
,
--
学号
BorrowDate
datetime,
--
借出时间
ReturnDate
Datetime,
--
归还时间
...
)
用到的功能有
:
1.
如果我更改了学生的学号
,
我希望他的借书记录仍然与这个学生相关
(
也就是同时更改借书记录表的学号
);
2.
如果该学生已经毕业,我希望删除他的学号的同时,也删除它的借书记录。
等等。
这时候可以用到触发器。对于
1
,创建一个
Update
触发器:
Create Trigger
truStudent
On
Student
--
在
Student
表中创建触发器
for
Update
--
为什么事件触发
As
--
事件触发后所要做的事情
if
Update
(StudentID)
begin
Update
BorrowRecord
Set
StudentID=i.StudentID
From
BorrowRecord
br , Deleted
d ,Inserted
i --Deleted
和
Inserted
临时表
,系统中自动存在的
Where
br.StudentID=d.StudentID
end
理解触发器里面的两个临时的表:
Deleted , Inserted
。注意
Deleted
与
Inserted
分别表示触发事件的表
“
旧的一条记录
”
和
“
新的一条记录
”
。
一个数据库系统中有两个虚拟表用于存储在表中记录改动的信息,分别是:
虚拟表
Inserted
虚拟表
Deleted
在表记录新增时
存放新增的记录
不存储记录
修改时
存放用来更新的新记录
存放更新前的记录
删除时
不存储记录
存放被删除的记录
一个
Update
的过程可以看作为:生成新的记录到
Inserted
表,复制旧的记录到
Deleted
表,然后删除
Student
记录并写入新纪录。
对于
2
,创建一个
Delete
触发器
Create trigger
delStudent
On
Student
for Delete
As
Delete
BorrowRecord
From
BorrowRecord br , Deleted
d
Where
br.StudentID=d.StudentID
从这两个例子我们可以看到了触发器的关键:
A.2
个临时的表;
B.
触发机制