Java File.listFiles order

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本文详细介绍了Java中文件操作的相关知识，包括如何获取目录下的文件列表，并解释了文件列表返回结果的不确定性及其对类加载的影响。同时提供了一个案例演示如何通过自定义过滤器对文件进行排序，以及使用Java内置的排序方法实现类似`ls -ta`的功能。

Java File.listFiles order

The documentation for the Java JDK specifically mentions that the files returns can be in any order.

There is no guarantee that the name strings in the resulting array will appear in any specific order; they are not, in particular, guaranteed to appear in alphabetical order.

The actual ordering of the files varies from platform to platform, and often is a result of the physical order of the files in the directory structure. On Solaris, this order will often reverse if you copy a folder. Generally this is not noticeable, as most tools sort the files in some order before returning them to the user.

Unfortunately, file ordering is important when the files are added to a classloader. As files at the front of the classpath are searched before files at the end, if you have two different classes in your classpath, the order may not be stable. This isn't a problem if you specify the full classpath when you launch Java, but if you load files dynamically, like JBoss does, then your behavior is subject to change. The following is a test case which may pass depending on your platform and file system. For me, it fails on Windows XP, but passes on Solaris 10.

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		final List<String> files =  java.util.Arrays.asList("c", "b", "a");
		for (String f : files) {
			File file = new File(f);
			file.createNewFile();
			file.deleteOnExit();	
		}
		FilenameFilter filenameFilter = new FilenameFilter() {
			public boolean accept(File dir, String name) {
				return files.contains(name);
			}
		};
		File[] ondisk = new File(".").listFiles(filenameFilter);
		for(int i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) {
			assert ondisk[i].getName().equals(files.get(i)) : "Expected file " + files.get(i) + " but found " + ondisk[i].getName();
		}
	}

Depending on your application, you may want to sort the files alphabetically, or by last modified. The following example emulates the ls -ta command:

	private static final Comparator<File> lastModified = new Comparator<File>() {
		@Override
		public int compare(File o1, File o2) {
			return o1.lastModified() == o2.lastModified() ? 0 : (o1.lastModified() < o2.lastModified() ? 1 : -1 ) ;
		}
	};
	public void testFileSort() throws Exception {
		File[] files = new File(".").listFiles();
		Arrays.sort(files, lastModified);
		System.out.println(Arrays.toString(files));
	}