在php中发送Email可以直接调用系统的mail()函数来完成，但是前提是你在php.ini文件中对mail都已经配置好了，以下为相关的配置信息：
[mail function] ; For Win32 only. SMTP = localhost smtp_port = 25 ; For Win32 only. ;sendmail_from = me@example.com ; For Unix only. You may supply arguments as well (default: "sendmail -t -i"). ;sendmail_path = ; Force the addition of the specified parameters to be passed as extra parameters ; to the sendmail binary. These parameters will always replace the value of ; the 5th parameter to mail(), even in safe mode. ;mail.force_extra_parameters =
Mail 配置选项
| 名称 | 默认 | 描述 | 可更改 |
|---|---|---|---|
| SMTP | "localhost" | Windows 专用：SMTP 服务器的 DNS 名称或 IP 地址。 | PHP_INI_ALL |
| smtp_port | "25" | Windows 专用：SMTP 段口号。自 PHP 4.3 起可用。 | PHP_INI_ALL |
| sendmail_from | NULL |
Windows 专用：规定从 PHP 发送的邮件中使用的 "from" 地址。 | PHP_INI_ALL |
| sendmail_path | NULL | Unix 系统专用：规定sendmail 程序的路径（通常 /usr/sbin/sendmail 或 /usr/lib/sendmail） | PHP_INI_SYSTEM |
上面写的很清楚，要是windows的服务器，必须装好开启本地的smtp服务器，在linux和unix下，要用到sendmail，所以得配置好sendmail，根据自己的实际情况选择适当的配置信息。
mail()函数如果邮件的投递被成功地接收，则返回 true，否则返回 false，语法：
mail($to,$subject,$message,$headers,$parameters)
| 参数 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| $to | 必需。规定邮件的接收者。 |
| $subject | 必需。规定邮件的主题。该参数不能包含任何换行字符。 |
| $message | 必需。规定要发送的消息。 |
| $headers | 必需。规定额外的报头，比如 From, Cc 以及 Bcc。 |
| $parameters | 必需。规定 sendmail 程序的额外参数。 |
简单的发封邮件，代码如下：
<?php
$txt = "First line of text\nSecond line of text";
// 如果一行大于 70 个字符，请使用 wordwrap()。
$txt = wordwrap($txt,70);
// 发送邮件
mail("somebody@example.com","My subject",$txt);
?>
如果是一封带HTML格式的Email则代码如下：
<?php
$to = "somebody@example.com, somebodyelse@example.com";
$subject = "HTML email";
$message = "
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML email</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>This email contains HTML Tags!</p>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Firstname</th>
<th>Lastname</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>John</td>
<td>Doe</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
";
// 当发送 HTML 电子邮件时，请始终设置 content-type
$headers = "MIME-Version: 1.0" . "\r\n";
$headers .= "Content-type:text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" . "\r\n";
// 更多报头
$headers .= 'From: <webmaster@example.com>' . "\r\n";
$headers .= 'Cc: myboss@example.com' . "\r\n";
mail($to,$subject,$message,$headers);
?>
函数很简单，看似很好用，但是实际上局限性很明显，必须是在本地的开启smtp的情况下，而且经过测试成功率不是很高，所以程序中很少有人用到mail()函数来发邮件。
如果要扩展功能的话，还得重新构造，网上也有好多现成的类可以直接调用来实现，其实就是靠fsockopen来进行连接smtp，下面的代码是个思路：
<?
名称：smtpsend.class.php
功能:邮件发送类,实现邮件发送功能 ,可以发送html邮件；可验证用户是否具有发送权限；可实现从任意服务器邮箱发送邮件，并非局限于本机。
$smtpserver; SMTP服务器
$smtpserverport; SMTP服务器端口
$smtpuser; SMTP服务器的用户帐号
$smtppass; SMTP服务器的用户密码
$fromMail; SMTP服务器的用户邮箱
$toMail; 发送给谁
$subject; 邮件主题
$content; 邮件内容
$mailtype; 邮件格式（HTML/TXT）,TXT为文本邮件
*/
class smtpclass
{
function smtp($relay_host = "", $smtp_port = 25,$auth = false,$user,$pass)
{
$this->debug = FALSE;
$this->smtp_port = $smtp_port;
$this->relay_host = $relay_host;
$this->time_out = 60; //is used in fsockopen()
$this->auth = $auth;//auth
$this->user = $user;
$this->pass = $pass;
$this->host_name = "localhost"; //is used in HELO command
$this->log_file = "";
$this->sock = FALSE;
}
/* Main Function */
function sendmail($to, $from, $subject = "", $body = "", $mailtype, $returnpath = "", $cc = "", $bcc = "", $additional_headers = "")
{
$mail_from = $this->get_address($this->strip_comment($from));
$body = ereg_replace("(^|(\r\n))(\.)", "\1.\3", $body);
$header = "";
if(isset($returnpath) && $returnpath != "")
{
$header .= "Reply-To:".$returnpath."\r\n";
}
$header .= "MIME-Version:1.0\r\n";
if($mailtype=="HTML"){
$header .= 'Content-Type:text/html; charset=gb2312' . "\r\n";
}
$header .= "To: ".$to."\r\n";
if ($cc != "") {
$header .= "Cc: ".$cc."\r\n";
}
$header .= "From: $from<".$from.">\r\n";
$header .= "Subject: ".$subject."\r\n";
$header .= $additional_headers;
$header .= "Date: ".date("r")."\r\n";
$header .= "X-Mailer:By Redhat (PHP/".phpversion().")\r\n";
list($msec, $sec) = explode(" ", microtime());
$header .= "Message-ID: <".date("YmdHis", $sec).".".($msec*1000000).".".$mail_from.">\r\n";
$TO = explode(",", $this->strip_comment($to));
if ($cc != "") {
$TO = array_merge($TO, explode(",", $this->strip_comment($cc)));
}
if ($bcc != "") {
$TO = array_merge($TO, explode(",", $this->strip_comment($bcc)));
}
$sent = TRUE;
foreach ($TO as $rcpt_to) {
$rcpt_to = $this->get_address($rcpt_to);
if (!$this->smtp_sockopen($rcpt_to)) {
$this->log_write("Error: Cannot send email to ".$rcpt_to."\n");
$sent = FALSE;
continue;
}
if ($this->smtp_send($this->host_name, $mail_from, $rcpt_to, $header, $body)) {
$this->log_write("E-mail has been sent to <".$rcpt_to.">\n");
} else {
$this->log_write("Error: Cannot send email to <".$rcpt_to.">\n");
$sent = FALSE;
}
fclose($this->sock);
$this->log_write("Disconnected from remote host\n");
}
return $sent;
}
/* Private Functions */
function smtp_send($helo, $from, $to, $header, $body = "")
{
if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("HELO", $helo)) {
return $this->smtp_error("sending HELO command");
}
#auth
if($this->auth){
if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("AUTH LOGIN", base64_encode($this->user))) {
return $this->smtp_error("sending HELO command");
}
if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("", base64_encode($this->pass))) {
return $this->smtp_error("sending HELO command");
}
}
#
if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("MAIL", "FROM:<".$from.">")) {
return $this->smtp_error("sending MAIL FROM command");
}
if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("RCPT", "TO:<".$to.">")) {
return $this->smtp_error("sending RCPT TO command");
}
if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("DATA")) {
return $this->smtp_error("sending DATA command");
}
if (!$this->smtp_message($header, $body)) {
return $this->smtp_error("sending message");
}
if (!$this->smtp_eom()) {
return $this->smtp_error("sending <CR><LF>.<CR><LF> [EOM]");
}
if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("QUIT")) {
return $this->smtp_error("sending QUIT command");
}
return TRUE;
}
function smtp_sockopen($address)
{
if ($this->relay_host == "") {
return $this->smtp_sockopen_mx($address);
} else {
return $this->smtp_sockopen_relay();
}
}
function smtp_sockopen_relay()
{
$this->log_write("Trying to ".$this->relay_host.":".$this->smtp_port."\n");
$this->sock = @fsockopen($this->relay_host, $this->smtp_port, $errno, $errstr, $this->time_out);
if (!($this->sock && $this->smtp_ok())) {
$this->log_write("Error: Cannot connenct to relay host ".$this->relay_host."\n");
$this->log_write("Error: ".$errstr." (".$errno.")\n");
return FALSE;
}
$this->log_write("Connected to relay host ".$this->relay_host."\n");
return TRUE;
}
function smtp_sockopen_mx($address)
{
$domain = ereg_replace("^.+@([^@]+)$", "\1", $address);
if (!@getmxrr($domain, $MXHOSTS)) {
$this->log_write("Error: Cannot resolve MX \"".$domain."\"\n");
return FALSE;
}
foreach ($MXHOSTS as $host) {
$this->log_write("Trying to ".$host.":".$this->smtp_port."\n");
$this->sock = @fsockopen($host, $this->smtp_port, $errno, $errstr, $this->time_out);
if (!($this->sock && $this->smtp_ok())) {
$this->log_write("Warning: Cannot connect to mx host ".$host."\n");
$this->log_write("Error: ".$errstr." (".$errno.")\n");
continue;
}
$this->log_write("Connected to mx host ".$host."\n");
return TRUE;
}
$this->log_write("Error: Cannot connect to any mx hosts (".implode(", ", $MXHOSTS).")\n");
return FALSE;
}
function smtp_message($header, $body)
{
fputs($this->sock, $header."\r\n".$body);
$this->smtp_debug("> ".str_replace("\r\n", "\n"."> ", $header."\n> ".$body."\n> "));
return TRUE;
}
function smtp_eom()
{
fputs($this->sock, "\r\n.\r\n");
$this->smtp_debug(". [EOM]\n");
return $this->smtp_ok();
}
function smtp_ok()
{
$response = str_replace("\r\n", "", fgets($this->sock, 512));
$this->smtp_debug($response."\n");
if (!ereg("^[23]", $response)) {
fputs($this->sock, "QUIT\r\n");
fgets($this->sock, 512);
$this->log_write("Error: Remote host returned \"".$response."\"\n");
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
function smtp_putcmd($cmd, $arg = "")
{
if ($arg != "") {
if($cmd=="") $cmd = $arg;
else $cmd = $cmd." ".$arg;
}
fputs($this->sock, $cmd."\r\n");
$this->smtp_debug("> ".$cmd."\n");
return $this->smtp_ok();
}
function smtp_error($string)
{
$this->log_write("Error: Error occurred while ".$string.".\n");
return FALSE;
}
function log_write($message)
{
$this->smtp_debug($message);
if ($this->log_file == "") {
return TRUE;
}
$message = date("M d H:i:s ").get_current_user()."[".getmypid()."]: ".$message;
if (!@file_exists($this->log_file) || !($fp = @fopen($this->log_file, "a"))) {
$this->smtp_debug("Warning: Cannot open log file \"".$this->log_file."\"\n");
return FALSE;;
}
flock($fp, LOCK_EX);
fputs($fp, $message);
fclose($fp);
return TRUE;
}
function strip_comment($address)
{
$comment = "\([^()]*\)";
while (ereg($comment, $address)) {
$address = ereg_replace($comment, "", $address);
}
return $address;
}
function get_address($address)
{
$address = ereg_replace("([ \t\r\n])+", "", $address);
$address = ereg_replace("^.*<(.+)>.*$", "\1", $address);
return $address;
}
function smtp_debug($message)
{
if ($this->debug) {
echo $message;
}
}
function senduserMail($smtpserver,$smtpserverport=25,$smtpuser,$smtppass,$fromMail,$toMail,$subject,$content,$mailtype='HTML')
{
if ($fromMail == "") {
die("发件人不能为空！");
}
if ($smtpuser == "") {
die("用户名不能为空！");
}
if ($smtppass == "") {
die("用户密码不能为空！");
}
if ($subject == "") {
die("标题不能为空！");
}
if ($toMail == "") {
die("收件人不能为空！");
}
if ($content == "") {
die("内容不能为空！");
}
$smtpserver = $smtpserver;//SMTP服务器
$smtpserverport = $smtpserverport;//SMTP服务器端口
$smtpuser = $smtpuser;//SMTP服务器的用户帐号
$smtppass = $smtppass;//SMTP服务器的用户密码
$smtpusermail = $fromMail;//SMTP服务器的用户邮箱
$smtpemailto = $toMail;//发送给谁
$mailsubject = $subject;//邮件主题
$mailbody = $content;//邮件内容
$mailtype = $mailtype;//邮件格式（HTML/TXT）,TXT为文本邮件
$this->smtp($smtpserver,$smtpserverport,true,$smtpuser,$smtppass);//这里面的一个true是表示使用身份验证,否则不使用身份验证.
//$smtp->debug = TRUE;//是否显示发送的调试信息
$this->sendmail($smtpemailto, $smtpusermail, $mailsubject, $mailbody, $mailtype);
}
}
//$smtp = new smtpclass();
//$smtp->senduserMail("mail.163.com",25,"用户名","密码","xxx@xxx.com.cn","xx@xx.com","测试","测试一下","TXT");
?>
以上在网上看到的，其实具体的方法都是大同小异，用的很多的是一个开源的角phpmailer，很方便的，源码在附件里，需要的可以下载，这里贴出的是测试代码：
<?
require("class.phpmailer.php");
require("class.smtp.php");
//以下是实例:
$mail = new phpmailer(); //建立邮件发送类
$address =xxx@xxx.com';
$mail->IsSMTP(); // 使用SMTP方式发送
$mail->Host = "mail.xxx.com"; // 您的企业邮局域名
$mail->SMTPAuth = false; // 启用SMTP验证功能
$mail->Username = "xxx"; // 邮局用户名(请填写完整的email地址)
$mail->Password = "xxx"; // 邮局密码
$mail->From = "xxxx@xxxx.cn"; //邮件发送者email地址
$mail->FromName = "您的名称";
$mail->AddAddress("$address", "");//收件人地址，可以替换成任何想要接收邮件的email信箱,格式是AddAddress("收件人email","收件人姓名")
//$mail->AddReplyTo("", "");
//$mail->AddAttachment("/var/tmp/file.tar.gz"); // 添加附件
//$mail->IsHTML(true); // set email format to HTML //是否使用HTML格式
$mail->Subject = "PHPMailer测试邮件"; //邮件标题
$mail->Body = "Hello,这是测试邮件"; //邮件内容
$mail->AltBody = "This is the body in plain text for non-HTML mail clients"; //附加信息，可以省略
if(!$mail->Send())
{
echo "邮件发送失败. <p>";
echo "错误原因: " . $mail->ErrorInfo;
exit;
}
echo "邮件发送成功";
?>
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