[django]newforms两种方式示例-优快云博客

本文介绍了Django新表单功能的两种使用方法：一是根据Model自动生成表单；二是自定义表单，适用于复杂的数据处理场景。通过具体代码示例展示了如何实现这两种表单并进行数据保存。

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newforms是django新的对表单处理功能,查看官方文档:
http://www.djangoproject.com/documentation/newforms/
最近也在看newsform的文章，总结了两种使用的方法，如下所示：
一、根据model自动生成newsform
model:

# Create your models here.
class ResType(models.Model):
    typename = models.CharField( ' typename ' ,maxlength = 20 )

     class Admin: pass

     def __str__ (self):
         return self.typename


class Resource(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField( ' 标题 ' ,maxlength = 200 )
    content = models.TextField( ' 内容 ' ,null = True, blank = True)
    resdate = models.DateTimeField( ' 发布日期 ' ,default = DEFAULT_DATE, blank = True)
    restype = models.ForeignKey(ResType)
     class Admin:
        list_display = ( ' title ' ,)
     def __str__ (self):
         return self.title

view:

from django import newforms as forms

def public(request, id = None):
    entry = None
     if id is None:
        EntryForm = forms.models.form_for_model(Resource)
     else :
        entry = Resource.objects.get(id = id)
        EntryForm = forms.models.form_for_instance(entry)

     # EntryForm.fields['detail'].widget = TinyMCE()

     if request.method == ' POST ' :
        form = EntryForm(request.POST)
         if form.is_valid():
            entry = form.save(commit = False)
            entry.save()

             return HttpResponseRedirect( " / " )
     else :
        form = EntryForm()

    t = loader.get_template( ' public.html ' )

    c = Context({ ' form ' : form, ' resource ' :entry})
     return HttpResponse(t.render(c))

template:

{% load i18n utiltags %}
{% extends "base.html" %}

{% block head%}

{% endblock %}

{% block body %}
     < form enctype ="multipart/form-data" action ="/resource/public/{%ifnotequal resource None %}{{resource.id}}/{%endifnotequal%}" method ="post" id ="resource_edit" >
         < div id ="message" > ddd </ div >
         < table >
        {{ form }}
         </ table >
         < input type ="submit" value ="OK" >

     </ form >
{% endblock %}

这一种方式主要有如下关键点
1.EntryForm = forms.models.form_for_model(Resource)
生成一个具有Model模型的空的Form,用来显示添加表单
2.EntryForm = forms.models.form_for_instance(entry)
根据一个对象来生成含有该对象数据的Form,用来显示带数据的表单
3.数据保存直接可以通过Post过来的数据创建一Form实例，并调用该实例的save方法

二、自定义Form
有时候通过Model自动创建的Form不适合，譬如：Model中的某些属性我不需要显示在页面上，或数据处理方式比较复杂，这个时候你就需要自定义Form.我们先看看代码：
自定义的Form:

from django.newforms import *
from apps.resource.models import ResType,Tag,Resource

class ResourceForm(Form):
    title = CharField(label = ' 标题 ' ,required = True)
    content = CharField(label = ' 内容 ' ,widget = Textarea(attrs = { ' rows ' : 10 , ' cols ' : 50 }))
    resdate = DateField(label = ' 发布日期 ' )
    restype = ChoiceField(label = ' 类别 ' ,
        choices = [(c.id,c.typename) for c in ResType.objects.all()])

     def __init__ (self, data = None, auto_id = ' id_%s ' , prefix = None,initial = None, instance = None):
         if instance is not None:
            self.instance = instance
            new_data = {}
            new_data[ " title " ] = instance.title
            new_data[ " content " ] = instance.content
            new_data[ " resdate " ] = instance.resdate
            new_data[ " restype " ] = instance.restype
            data = new_data
         else :
            self.instance = None
        super(ResourceForm, self). __init__ (data, auto_id, prefix, initial)

     def save(self, commit = True):
         if self.instance is not None:
            instance = self.instance
         else :
            instance = Resource()

         print ' test: ' + self.clean_data[ " restype " ]

        instance.title = self.clean_data[ " title " ]
        instance.content = self.clean_data[ " content " ]
        instance.resdate = self.clean_data[ " resdate " ]
        instance.restype = ResType.objects.get(id = self.clean_data[ " restype " ])

         if commit:
            instance.save()
         return instance

该自定义Form类中主要有两部分：
1、重写构造函数，主要是传递数据
2、自定义save方法，用来将Form接收的数据进行处理

View:

def add_entry(request,id = None):
     if id is not None:
        instance = Resource.objects.get(id = id)
        InstanceForm = ResourceForm(instance = instance)
     else :
        InstanceForm = ResourceForm()

     if request.POST:
        form1 = ResourceForm(request.POST)
         if form1.is_valid():
            form1.save()
             return HttpResponseRedirect( ' / ' )


    t = loader.get_template( ' add_entry.html ' )

    c = Context({ ' form ' : InstanceForm })
     return HttpResponse(t.render(c))

其实View部分和第一种方式很相似的，不同的是Form的创建方式。
Template和以前一样。

只写这么多，作为自己学习的一个记录。

参考资料：
http://code.pui.ch/2007/01/07/using-djangos-newforms/
http://www.djangoproject.com/documentation/newforms/
http://code.djangoproject.com/browser/django/trunk/tests/regressiontests/forms/tests.py